Showing papers on "Emotional exhaustion published in 1986"

The Effect of Social Support and the Work Environment upon Burnout among Nurses

Abstract: Burnout among hospital-based nurses appears to be a serious problem affecting the delivery of health care. Findings from previous empirical research indicate that burnout among these nurses results from reactions to adversities inherent in the hospital work environment, and that burnout can lead nurses to change jobs and/or abandon the practice of nursing. This paper presents and discusses research findings on the effects of various aspects of the hospital work environment on burnout among nurses, and, in addition, evaluates the effects of social support in reducing and/or mitigating the relationship between negative aspects of the work environment and burnout. A multiple regression approach is employed to test the hypothesized model. The data were collected from a sample of nurses (n = 310) employed at Fitzsimons Army Medical Center (FAMC), Aurora, Colorado. The major determinants of burnout were found to be low job enhancement (autonomy, task orientation, clarity, innovation, and physical comfort); work pressure; and lack of supervisor support, along with the interaction term involving the combined effects of job enhancement and supervisor support. These predictors, in conjunction with demographic and job-related variables explained 53% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, a central component of the burnout syndrome.

Validity of the Maslach burnout inventory for family practice physicians

Abstract: This study assesses the utility of Maslach's concept of burnout for family practice physicians. Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) subscale correlations for the 67 residents in this sample are compared with Maslach's normative sample. The residents scored in the moderate to high range on the MBI subscales. MBI interscale correlations were similar to the pattern reported by Maslach. Significant correlations between job satisfaction and five of the six MBI subscales suggest that the construct of burnout has considerable psychological import for these physicians. The validity of the emotional exhaustion subscale is demonstrated by significant correlations with self-assessed burnout, job satisfaction, and faculty assessments of resident burnout. Independent observers were most sensitive to residents' emotional exhaustion and less likely to assess accurately the less visible aspects of burnout related to depersonalization and lack of achievement, which suggests the usefulness of multiple measures for assessing the burnout phenomenon.

Perceived Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, and Burnout Among Special Education Teachers:

Abstract: This study examined the relationship of mle conflict and role ambiguity to teacher burnout among Connecticut urban special education teachers (N = 443) afier contmlling for select personal and professional backgrouvd variables. The relationship of these background variabkj to teacher burnout was also examined Role conjict and ambiguity explained a signifcant amount of variance in feelings of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Whde perceived burnout among teachers was molrate, the level varied significantly with respect to age, experience, sex, and whether one taught in a resource mom or a self-contained classmom.

Role structure and burnout in the field of human services

Abstract: This article discusses a study that investigated burnout as a function of aspects of role structure for people working in the field of human services. The subjects, the staff of a residential rehabilitation and mental health center, completed a six-team questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Least Preferred Coworker Scale. The relationships of accuracy, concentration of social support network, mutual references, and motivational hierarchy were analyzed in three multiple regressions with emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. Emotional exhaustion was found to have occurred less often when a person's social support network within the setting was not concentrated solely within the formal work subgroup, personal accomplishment was enhanced by an ambiguous role structure, and depersonalization was found to be related primarily to a person's values toward personal relationships and work and to be more prevalent among those with concentrated networks and ambiguously structured roles.

Burnout and professional depression: related concepts?

Abstract: In 1978 Oswin documented a process of 'professional depression' affecting some nursing staff in long-stay hospitals. This study tested the hypothesis that 'professional depression' in long-stay nursing and 'emotional exhaustion' as a component of burnout describe a similar phenomenon. This hypothesis was supported. The results are consistent with Cherniss' characterization of burnout, which appears to show considerable similarities to the concept of depression. In this study professional depression demonstrated a substantial correlation with depressed mood. Personality demonstrated significant relationships with burnout variables, extrapunitive hostility correlating with hardening toward others, intropunitiveness with avoidance as a coping response. These findings, although confined to hospital nurses, support the usefulness of approaches stressing the interaction between the work environment and the individual.

Psychological and Organizational Factors Related to Burnout in Athletic Trainers

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship of five selected psychological and organizational variables to burnout in athletic trainers. Trainers (n = 332) from the Western United States completed self-report measures of burnout, role conflict, role ambiguity, locus of control and demographic variables. Regression, and follow-up canonical correlation analyses, indicated that role conflict, role ambiguity, locus of control, number of hours in direct contact with the athletes, and number of athletes in the athletic trainer's direct care were significantly related to total burnout, frequency and intensity of burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment subscales. Role conflict explained the most variance on all burnout scores except personal accomplishment, which was best explained by role ambiguity. Overall, however, absolute levels of burnout were found to be low. Theoretical implications of this study include identifying variables which could be included in other stud...

Burnout among intensive care nurses

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between intensive-care nurse burnout and demographic variables The Maslach Burnout Inventory measured six components of burnout; emotional exhaustion frequency and intensity, depersonalization frequency and intensity, and personal accomplishment frequency and intensity The sample (N = 89) was drawn from an army medical center The variables, nursing, age, sex, military status, level of education, and length of time in nursing correlated with more than one aspect of burnout (p less than 05) Older age, less than a baccalaureate degree, female, and civilian status described the intensive care nurse who was less prone to burnout Further study of the relationship between nurses and burnout is required

Interpersonal support amongst nurses at work

Abstract: The needs for support of staff in human services work are often stated, but less often is the nature of such support clearly specified. This study attempts to clarify the nature of effective support from a superior, as perceived by qualified nursing staff working in psychiatric, mental handicap and medical settings. 'Personal respect', 'empathic attention' and 'absence of interpersonal defensiveness' appeared to be important components to such support. Staff on the same ward showed a high degree of agreement in judgements of their superior's personal respect and empathic attention, but perceived interpersonal defensiveness appeared more specific to perceptions or interactions between particular staff. Greater degrees of 'personal respect' experienced by staff were associated with reduced role ambiguity and reduced emotional exhaustion ('burnout'). The empathic attention reported as given by ward charge nurses was highly correlated with the personal respect they reported receiving from their own superior. These results support approaches which see respect, empathy and genuineness as important ingredients in helping relationships.

Burnout and locus of control in child day care staff

Abstract: Caregivers' locus of control and a number of their personal characteristics and working conditions were investigated in relation to the amount of stress (burnout) experienced by 120 day care workers in 24 different centers. Results showed staff with a more internal locus of control reporting greater feelings of personal accomplishment. In addition, caregivers of infants were found less likely to be experiencing “burnout” than were caregivers of older children. While amount of input into center decisions, caregivers' education, and experience were found related to feelings of emotional exhaustion, findings of some previous research were not supported by the results of this study.

Historical analysis in the study of emotion

Abstract: Historical research on emotion has burgeoned in recent years. While some historians examine continuities in emotion despite changes in context—as in 19th- and 20th-century grief reactions—most attention has been directed toward charting major changes in emotional standards and explaining their causation. In Western civilization, the century and a half following about 1680 stands as a major period of emotional change, since emotions are linked to other facets of the social experience in a time of major ideological and economic transition. New emphasis on romantic love, restraint of anger, and the salience of guilt instead of shame develop in this transitional period, as well as improved ability to articulate emotional experience generally. Recent work also points to subsequent emotional shifts, even in recent decades, as in the targeting of anger and jealousy. Historical research and the overall emphasis on change as a factor in emotions study suggest new facets for other disciplines, including further work on the relationship between emotional standards and emotional experience.

A Study of the Outcomes of Stress Management Training in Ministerial Programs of Higher Education

Abstract: This dissertation studies the outcomes that higher education courses and seminars in stress management have on the stress levels of pastors. It identifies stress level differences between a sample of pastors who have and who have not been trained in stress management. The instrument that was used to assess the levels of stress was the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Inventory is a twenty-two item dual-rating instrument that measures the frequency and intensity of three aspects of the burnout syndrome: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a lack of personal accomplishment. Demographic questions were used to determine the respondents' sex, age, education, and experience in the clergy. These questions were asked for descriptive purposes only. In addition, questions were asked that would determine whether or not the pastors had had stress management training.

The Role of Emotion in Development

Abstract: The study of emotional behavior has been slow, in part, based on Western societies view that emotional development is less important than cognitive development. In this paper we review the issue of the importance of emotional development for the young child. It is agreed that emotional well being may be as important as cognitive growth in determining life outcomes. Data from a variety of sources are reviewed ana indicate cognitive skills, physical health and emotional well being all are necessary and constitute important goals for our children.