Showing papers on "Emotional exhaustion published in 1992"

Communal orientation and the burnout syndrome among nurses

Abstract: In the present study, burnout symptoms (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) were hypothesized to occur among male and female nurses who are low in communal orientation and feel they invest more in their relationships with patients than they receive in return. Communal orientation refers to the desire to give and receive benefits in response to the needs of and out of concern for others. Furthermore, it was expected that the perception of imbalance would be more strongly related to depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment among women than among men. The sample consisted of 194 full time working nurses (48.5% males, 51.5% females). Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The results show that the burnout syndrome is more widespread among: (a) subjects, particularly women, who perceive an imbalance in their relationships with patients; (b) subjects low in communal orientation; and (c) subjects who both perceive an imbalance and are low in communal orientation. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical and practical implications.

Occupational demands, psychological burnout and anxiety among hospital personnel in norway

Abstract: The present study reports the results of a questionnaire survey among 212 health care workers at a hospital in Northern Norway. Measures included burnout, trait anxiety, various job demands and supports, and work attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment). Results provided support for Maslach's conceptualization of the burnout syndrome cross-culturally. Correlations among the three burnout subscales, as well as organizational correlates of burnout were generally consistent with earlier findings. The burnout scores of hospital workers were higher than North American norms, and some occupational differencs among subscales were found. A model of individual characteristics, job demands, burnout, and work attitudes was tested through a series of multiple regressions. Trait anxiety as well as job demands contributed to burnout. The influence of trait anxiety on work attitudes was mediated through emotional exhaustion. However, in addition to emotional exhaustion, both job demands and or...

Interpersonal and situational predictors of coaching burnout

Abstract: The purpose of this study “was to examine dispositional, cognitive, and situational predictors of coaching burnout within Smith's cognitive-affective model of spoil burnout. High school and college coaches (N=848) completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a demographic/cognitive appraisal questionnaire via a mail survey. Descriptive results indicated that a substantial percentage of coaches fell into the moderate and high burnout ranges and that female coaches were higher in emotional exhaustion than male coaches were. Trait anxiety emerged as the strongest predictor of burnout, and several cognitive perceptions of the coaching role were also predictive of burnout. Actual time spent in coaching and leisure activities, type of sport, competition level, and personal status were not related to burnout. These findings provide some support for Smith's model and indicate that burnout may be predicted by dispositional and cognitive factors more so than actual situational or behavi...

Assessments of the emotional states of others: conscious judgments versus emotional contagion

Abstract: Clinicians have identified two techniques for gaining information about clients' emotional states: (1) they can consciously try to assess clients'emotional states and/or (2) they can monitor their own emotional reactions during the therapeutic hour, hoping to «feel themselves into» their clients' emotions. Usually, clients'emotional self-reports are in synchrony with their facial, vocal, and postural expressions of emotion. But, what happens when they are not?

The Relation of Coping, Appraisal, and Burnout in Mental Health Workers

Abstract: This study was undertaken as an attempt to determine the relationship between individual coping (in response to stressful work events) and concomitant symptoms of burnout and the relationship between coping and burnout as moderated by secondary cognitive appraisal. Professional mental health workers (N = 234) employed by a state psychiatric facility completed the Ways of Coping Checklist (revised) (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and a measure of secondary appraisal, after reporting a typical stressful work event. They also completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1986) and a demographic questionnaire. Results suggested that individual coping was related to burnout. Escape-avoidance was the primary coping strategy related to all three symptoms of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. Secondary appraisal did not moderate the relation of coping and burnout.

From the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The Occurrence and Distribution of Burnout among Infectious Diseases Physicians

Abstract: The occurrence and distribution of the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lowered feelings of personal accomplishment) were studied among infectious diseases physicians. A written survey was mailed to the entire identified US population of infectious diseases physicians (n = 4328); a 46.3% response rate provided 1840 usable surveys. Statistical analyses of the data demonstrated that 43.5% of the physician sample reported high scores on emotional exhaustion, and 40.3% scored high on depersonalization. Personal accomplishment scores remained high, despite burnout levels, with 91.8% reporting high personal accomplishment. The highest percentage of burnout occurred among physicians in private practice settings (55%), followed by government settings (39%), and academia (37%). The high percentage of infectious diseases physicians experiencing burnout suggests the need for further research to establish trends, to determine if other types of physicians experience similar levels of burnout, to identify casual factors, and to develop avenues to reduce stress and facilitate coping.

Burnout in Hospital Social Workers Who Work with AIDS Patients

Abstract: Fears of a future shortage of experienced social workers in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) field because of burnout prompted this study of 128 hospital social workers who work with AIDS patients. Results show that hospital AIDS social workers had slightly higher rates of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization on the Maslach Burnout Inventory but also felt a substantially higher level of personal accomplishment. Age, autonomy, and belonging to a support group explained 19 percent of the variance in burnout. Hospital administrators are urged to examine their administrative policies concerning these factors and to explore ways to preserve and enhance the most satisfying aspects of the work. Further research is encouraged to explore the relationship between young age and burnout and to better understand the factors that make AIDS work satisfying.

Negotiating the reality of caregiving: hope, burnout and nursing

Abstract: Examined the relation of hope to occupational burnout among 81 nurses in chronic-care rehabilitation units. Hypothesizing from Snyder's (1989) model of hope in the reality negotiation process, it was predicted that hope would be significantly predictive of three separate components of burnout. Nurse burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981). Separate regression equations revealed higher levels of hope to be signficantly associated with lower emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and greater personal accomplishment

Emotional and psychological abuse of children

Abstract: Defining emotional and psychological abuse emotional and psychological abuse - knowing and feeling towards the definitions of emotional and psychological abuse emotional and psychological abuse in a global, cultural and historical context case histories of emotional and psychological abuse the parents of emotionally and psychologically abused children emotionally and psychologically abused children - observation, communication and assessment the emotional and psychological abuse of Michelle implications for management and trainers

Job stress and burnout in acute and nonacute pediatric nurses

Abstract: Objective To identify predictors of burnout in pediatric nurses and to compare the incidence of burnout, job stress, anxiety and perceived social support in acute and nonacute care pediatric nurses. Design Prospective correlational-descriptive methodology was used to predict high, moderate or low burnout from length of work experience, perceived work stress and social support and anxiety. Subjects and setting Registered nurses (n = 121) employed full-time in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units and pediatric intermediate care units. Measurements and results Measures of job stress, anxiety, experience, social support and burnout were compared in acute and nonacute care pediatric nurses. The overall mean incidence of burnout was in a moderate range for both acute and nonacute care pediatric nurses for the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales and in the high range of personal accomplishment subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Analysis of variance revealed no differences between groups. However, when nurses were grouped by high, moderate and low burnout scores, chi-square analysis revealed significant differences. More acute care nurses reported high burnout and more nonacute care nurses reported low burnout. Discriminant function analysis revealed that job stress was the strongest significant predictor of burnout, followed by state anxiety, coworker support, trait anxiety and experience on the unit. Conclusions Even though high burnout levels are more frequent in acute care pediatric nurses, burnout is a problem in both acute and nonacute care pediatric nurses. The pattern of results suggests that efforts directed toward reducing anxiety and job stress and increasing coworker support, particularly for less experienced nurses, might reduce burnout.

Burnout as a crisis in professional role structures: Measurement and conceptual issues

Abstract: A group of 124 health and social service workers from various agencies in Nova Scotia completed a package of questionnaires assessing burnout, hassles, and organizational variables. The study investigated the extent to which psychological burnout among human service workers was attributable to tensions between professional role requirements and constraints of organizational procedures and structures. A measure of conditions for self-management was found to make a substantial contribution to predicting burnout. It also suggested a complex pattern of relationships between specific managerial supports for professional initiatives and workers' vulnerability to burnout. Participants' characteristic coping patterns were also found to be important in predicitng psychological burnout. In addition, the study confirmed the utility of differentiating between more proximal work hassles and general life hassles when examining the incidence of emotional exhaustion. The results of the study were discussed in te...

The Factorial Validity of a Teacher Burnout Measure (Educators Survey) Administered to a Sample of Beginning Teachers in Elementary and Secondary Schools in California.

Abstract: For the Educators Survey, an inventory designed to assess teacher burnout in each of three scales representing constructs of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment, bo...

Children's Emotional-Expressive Behaviors as Regulators of Others' Happy and Sad Emotional States.

Abstract: Differences in social-cognitive development and children's ability to regulate their own emotional responses are implicated in developmental differences in children's strategies for influencing others' mood states.

Testing the Robustness of the Progressive Phase Burnout Model for a Sample of Entrepreneurs

Abstract: The robustness of the 8-phase model of burnout was tested by using the Revised Maslach Burnout Instrument (MBI) on a sample of entrepreneurs. The results are consistent with the model's proposition that mean scores on the subdomains of (a) depersonalization, (b) (lack of) personal accomplishment, and (c) emotional exhaustion, increase regularly and predictably as the-experienced level of burnout reported by respondents increases.

Investigating Causal Links to Burnout for Elementary, Intermediate, and Secondary Teachers.

Abstract: This study was conducted to identify the most salient organizational and personality factors contributing to burnout for elementary, intermediate, and secondary teachers; and to determine the pattern of causal predominance linking these stressors to burnout for each teacher group. Participants in the study, full-timc elementary (N=599), intermediate (N=203), and (N=715) secondary teachers, responded to a series of questionnaires including the Maslach Burnout Inventory. An hypothesized model of burnout, based on replicated findings from the literature, was tested separately for each group of teachers using the analysis of covariance structures. Findings were consistent across groups in revealing the potency of role conflict, work o7erload, classroom climate, decision-making, and peer support as the primary organizational determinants of teacher burnout. Findings also emphasized the key positions held by self-esteem and external locus of control as important mediators of teacher burnout. Findings related to causal structure among the emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accmplishment facets of burnout make it clear that interpretation of burnout as a untdimensional construct is not meaningful. (LL) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** to% r?\ 3EST COPY AVAILABLE Ib 2 Teacher Burnout

Supervisors Can Burn-Out Too

Abstract: The study examines the distinct experience of burnout and its antecedents among sixty-two supervisors in public welfare organizations. The results suggest that in contrast to line workers, the supervisors experienced significantly high levels of depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, but only a moderate level of emotional exhaustion. The primary cause for the supervisors' burnout was ambiguous and incompatible organizational policies. In addition, person-role conflict, perceived overload and conflicting expectations from superiors also contributed to the supervisors' burnout. Social support moderated the influence of both role conflict and ambiguity. The study concludes with implications regarding the burnout syndrome and administrators' stress.

Confirmatory factor analysis of burnout dimensions : correlations with job stressors and aspects of social support and job satisfaction.

Abstract: : This study examined the dimensionality and construct validity of Golembiewski, Munzenrider, and Stevenson (1986) revision of the Maslach and Jackson (1981) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results of confirmatory factor analyses conducted on data collected from 357 FAA employees in a technical, safety-related occupation provided support for a 3-factor, correlated model of burnout. The results suggest that the three factors (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) were differentially correlated with organizational phenomena of interest. These findings extend the literature beyond analyses on human service type workers and suggest the utility of developing and implementing different strategies for management interventions to respond to different manifestations of employee burnout. Burnout, Job Stress, Social Support, Job Satisfaction.

Testing the Robustness of the Phase Model of Burnout: An Entrepreneurial Sample

Abstract: The robustness of the 8-phase model of burnout was tested by using the Revised Maslach Burnout Instrument (MBI) on a sample of entrepreneurs. The results are consistent with the model's proposition that mean scores on the subdomains of (a) depersonalization, (b) (lack of) personal accomplishment, and (c) emotional exhaustion, increase regularly and predictably as the experienced level of burnout reported by respondents increases.

Stress, attributions, and coping : predictors of emotional exhaustion in male post-secondary instructors

Abstract: This study used a learned-helplessness model to examine burnout. Two h i e r a r c h i c a l multiple regression analyses tested the extent to which job stress, a t t r i b u t i o n s t y l e , and coping strategies were associated with burnout ( i . e . , emotional exhaustion) i n male instructors (N = 108), aged 30 and 55 (M = 44.1), employed at a post-secondary i n s t i t u t i o n i n western Canada. I t was expected that those a t t r i b u t i o n s t y l e s and coping strategies associated with greater "personal" and "universal" helplessness would be associated with greater emotional exhaustion, whereas those associated with greater "morale" and "enthusiasm" would be associated with lower emotional exhaustion S p e c i f i c a l l y , greater characterological (internal-stable) and task d i f f i c u l t y (external-stable) a t t r i b u t i o n s were expected to be associated with greater emotional exhaustion under highstres s conditions. Under low-stress conditions, greater behavioural (internal-unstable) a t t r i b u t i o n s were expected to be associated with greater emotional exhaustion. Greater emotional exhaustion was also expected to be associated with greater escape-cognitive and escape-active coping r a t i o s , but with lower contro l c o g n i t i v e and control-active coping r a t i o s . Those a t t r i b u t i o n s t y l e s and coping strategies associated with personal helplessness, i . e , characterological ( i n t e r n a l stable) a t t r i b u t i o n s and escape-cognitive coping, were expected to make stronger contributions to emotional exhaustion than were those associated with universal helplessness, i . e . , taski i i d i f f i c u l t y (external-stable) a t t r i b u t i o n s and escape-active coping. In addition, control-cognitive coping was expected to be more negatively associated with emotional exhaustion than was cont r o l a c t i v e coping. Results indicated that greater escape-active coping was associated with greater emotional exhaustion. The contribution of the universal-helplessness product-term (stress by externalstable attributions) approached s i g n i f i c a n c e . Under high-stress conditions, greater task d i f f i c u l t y (external-stable) a t t r i b u t i o n s were associated with greater emotional exhaustion. The enthusiasm product-term (stress by internal-unstable attributions) also contributed s i g n i f i c a n t l y to emotional exhaustion. Under low-stress conditions, greater behavioural (internal-unstable) a t t r i b u t i o n s were associated with greater emotional exhaustion. The negative association between c o n t r o l cognitive coping and emotional exhaustion approached s i g n i f i c a n c e . Results suggested that burnout may involve universal rather than personal helplessness. This f i n d i n g was not anticipated. Results also supported the theory that internal-unstable (behavioural) a t t r i b u t i o n s may represent a v u l n e r a b i l i t y to burnout. Longitudinal studies would need to be conducted to t e s t any causal implications of the present findings. i v Table of

Group facilitation skills

Abstract: Health care professionals often need to facilitate groups. To run groups effectively and therapeutically, they have to make certain decisions about how they will run groups. This article considers aspects of group facilitation.