Showing papers on "Emotional exhaustion published in 1998"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship of emotional exhaustion to job satisfaction, voluntary turnover, and job performance, and found that emotional exhaustion was associated with both performance and subsequent turnover.
Abstract: Recent research suggests that a better understanding of emotional exhaustion requires the development of new theoretical perspectives. To that end, with the conservation of resources model (COR) as the theoretical framework, the present 1-year longitudinal study was undertaken. Composed of 52 social welfare workers, this research examined the relationship of emotional exhaustion to job satisfaction, voluntary turnover, and job performance. Positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA) were used as control variables. Whereas emotional exhaustion was unrelated to job satisfaction, it was associated with both performance and subsequent turnover. In addition, the relationship between emotional exhaustion and performance and also between emotional exhaustion and turnover remained significant above and beyond the effects of PA and NA. Future research directions and implications of the findings are introduced.
1,399 citations
TL;DR: Latent variable path analysis supported a theoretical pathway whereby marital dysfunction was linked with adjustment problems as mediated by response processes indicative of emotional insecurity in relation to parental conflicts.
Abstract: Guided by the emotional security hypothesis, this study examined whether links between marital relations and children's adjustment were mediated by children's emotional security, as evidenced by their emotional reactivity (e.g., vigilance, distress), regulation of exposure to parent affect (avoidance, involvement), and internal representations in the context of interparental relations. Multiple methods and contexts were used to assess 6- to 9-year-olds' emotional security in response to standardized, simulated conflicts involving parents. Latent variable path analysis supported a theoretical pathway whereby marital dysfunction was linked with adjustment problems as mediated by response processes indicative of emotional insecurity in relation to parental conflicts. Emotional reactivity and internal representations were most closely linked with marital relations and child adjustment, especially with regard to internalizing symptoms. The importance of understanding children's emotional security in the context of the marital subsystem is discussed.
391 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The study was based on a reconceptualization of the emotional labor construct, with dissonance as a facet rather than a consequence of emotional labor, thereby explaining some of the conflicting results of earlier studies.
Abstract: Emotional dissonance, or person-role conflict originating from the conflict between expressed and experienced emotions, was examined. The study was based on a reconceptualization of the emotional labor construct, with dissonance as a facet rather than a consequence of emotional labor. The effects of emotional dissonance on organizational criteria were isolated, thereby explaining some of the conflicting results of earlier studies. Empirically, job autonomy and negative affectivity as antecedents of emotional dissonance, and emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction as consequences of emotional dissonance, were explored. Self-monitoring and social support were tested as moderators of the emotional dissonance-job satisfaction relationship. Significant relationships with job autonomy, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction were found. Social support significantly moderated the emotional dissonance-job satisfaction relationship.
376 citations
TL;DR: This article examined whether sex differences in emotion are related to the social context and addressed differences between global, retrospective, and on-line, momentary self-descriptions of emotion.
Abstract: The present study examined whether sex differences in emotion are related to the social context and addressed differences between global, retrospective, and on-line, momentary self-descriptions of ...
345 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a causal model of burnout that includes affectivity and absenteeism was proposed, and data on these variables, role stress, workload, autonomy, social support, and job satisfaction were collected from 487 healthcare workers, and the results indicated that high NA experienced greater depersonalization from co-worker support than low NA.
343 citations
TL;DR: In this article, structural equation modeling (LISREL 8) was employed to test the comprehensive Vitamin Model and the results showed that the fit of the non-linear model is superior to that of the linear model.
Abstract: Warr's (1987) Vitamin Model was investigated in a representative sample of 1437 Dutch health care workers (i.e. nurses and nurses' aides). According to this model, it was hypothesized that three job characteristics (i.e. job demands, job autonomy, and workplace social support) are curvilinearly related with three key indicators of employee well-being (i.e. job satisfaction, job-related anxiety, and emotional exhaustion). Structural equation modelling (LISREL 8) was employed to test the comprehensive Vitamin Model. The results showed that the fit of the non-linear model is superior to that of the linear model. Except for the relationship between job autonomy and emotional exhaustion, the curvilinear relationships followed the predicted U-shaped or inverted U-shaped curvilinear pattern. Moreover, it appeared that the three job characteristics are differentially related with various indicators of employee well-being. In conclusion, this study partially supports the assertion of the Vitamin Model that non-linear relationships exist between job characteristics and employee well-being. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
320 citations
TL;DR: Conditions of the work environment that are modifiable and provide the basis for interventions that focus beyond the modification of individual coping strategies are identified and identified.
Abstract: The first phase of this longitudinal study consisted of a questionnaire completed by a cohort of 1,891 nurses (aged 23–65 years) from six acute care hospitals from the province of Quebec. This study was set up to investigate the association between the psychosocial environment of work and mental health. After adjusting for counfounding factors, a combination of high psychological demands and low decision latitude was associated with psychological distress and emotional exhaustion, one of the three dimensions of burnout. Social support at work, although associated with each of the mental health indicators, did not modify their association with job strain. The present study identified conditions of the work environment that are modifiable and provide the basis for interventions that focus beyond the modification of individual coping strategies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:20–28, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
189 citations
TL;DR: The dimensionality and validity of the BM (Burnout Measure) is investigated in Dutch samples of human services professionals and white-collar workers (total N = 2190). Results show that, in contrast to the presumed dimensions "physical exhaustion", "emotional exhaustion" and "mental exhaustion", the factors of BM are "demoralization", "exhaustion", and "loss of motive".
Abstract: The dimensionality and validity of the BM (Burnout Measure) is investigated in Dutch samples of human services professionals and white-collar workers (total N = 2190). Results show that, in contrast to the presumed dimensions ‘physical exhaustion’, ‘emotional exhaustion’ and ‘mental exhaustion’, the factors of the BM are ‘demoralization’, ‘exhaustion’, and ‘loss of motive’. The factorial structure is not affected by using different time frames although an unrestricted time frame results in significantly higher mean scores. A BM version with a seven-point Likert scale results in more reliable subscales than a five-point scale. The factor ‘loss of motive’ is substantially affected by inconsistent answering patterns of the respondents. The three-factor model of the BM fits equally well in samples of professionals with and without patient contact. The BM subscales correlate highly with fatigue and with the dimension ‘emotional exhaustion’ of the Maslach-Burnout-Inventory (MBI) but cannot be distinguished from psychological strain and psychosomatic complaints. Problems in the conceptualization of burnout and its operationalization are discussed. It is concluded that the BM captures only a particular aspect of burnout and is rather a measure of general well-being. Recommendations for further use of a modified BM are given.
166 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated the prevalence and antecedents of burnout in a large sample of school psychologists from a Southeastern state, finding that approximately 40% of the school psychologists reported high levels of emotional exhaustion, 10% reported depersonalization reactions, and 19% reported a reduced sense of personal accomplishment at Time 1.
161 citations
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: A recent study as mentioned in this paper showed that despite the genu ine objecti ve losses that accompany agi ng, olde r adu lts do not, on average, show a reduction in various indicators of emotional well-being.
Abstract: Emotional experience in laler life presents an intriguing. puzzle. Aging is associated with a host of undesirable changes thai constrain acti on and threaten psychological well-being: for example, hearing, vision, and mobili ty arc increasi ngly restricted. Physical hcahh declines. Social panners get sic k and die. The w ry thought of such changes is upscning, and eve n if one managed III cope wit h the physica l consequences of aging, the loss of signiticant o thers would seem certain to generate emotional di stress. However. despite the genu ine objecti ve losses that accompany agi ng, olde r adu lts do not, on average. show a reduction in various indicators of emotional well -being. On the conlrary, they repol1 high levels of happiness. relati vely little lone li ness. and describe the ir soc ial relationships as vcry good. Moreover. they d isplay few signs of emoti onal distress in the form of psychopathology. and report less negat ive emot ional ex peri ence than do the ir younger l:ou llt erparts.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated burnout and intention to leave from a social psychological perspective by employing covariance structure modeling (LISREL 8) among a group of 208 group mental health care professionals and found that the more employees engaged in negative communication with their colleagues about management, the more they feel strengthened in their perception of inequity in the employment relationship.
Abstract: In this study, burnout and intention to leave are investigated from a social psychological perspective. By employing covariance structure modeling (LISREL 8), a model is tested and revised among a group of 208 group mental health care professionals. The results showed that the more employees are engaged in negative communication with their colleagues about management, the more they feel strengthened in their perception of inequity in the employment relationship. This perception of inequity results in two forms of withdrawal: intention to leave the organization (i.e. “behavioral” withdrawal) and emotional exhaustion, resulting— in turn—to feelings of depersonalization (“psychological” withdrawal). Thoughts about leaving the organization are also directly triggered by negative discussions concerning management. Furthermore, the more employees feel emotionally exhausted, the more they seem to feel the need to engage in negative communication with colleagues. The implications of the findings are discussed, pa...
TL;DR: The main finding indicates that health social workers who have a strong sense of coherence experience less burnout than those with a weak sense ofCoherence.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether a strong sense of coherence as a coping strategy affects burnout in health social workers. The research sample consisted of 31 social workers in the field of physical illness, 21 in the field of mental illness, and 29 in the field of the handicapped. The main finding indicates that health social workers who have a strong sense of coherence experience less burnout than those with a weak sense of coherence. More specifically, the findings indicate that the manageability component of sense of coherence predicts emotional exhaustion.
Book•
23 Jul 1998
TL;DR: Golembiewski et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a phase model of burnout to place each individual into one of eight phases from I (least advanced) through VIII (most advanced).
Abstract: The phase model of burnout (Golembiewski, Boudreau, Munzenrider, and Luo, 1996) permits for the first time informed estimates of the incidence of this modern disease. This article focuses on data about burnout in public work--in 13 U.S. work sites, in 11 Canadian sites, and in 10 global studies conducted in sites ranging from China to Taiwan (see Appendix A for summary details). For limited purposes, the public-sector incidences of the burnout also will be compared with two panels of nonpublic work settings--63 in North America and 9 from global sites. This survey has four major components. In turn, it describes the phase model; it reports on a program testing the reliability and validity of the phase model; and, using data from 34 sites, it estimates how many people have which degrees of burnout in public-sector organizations, worldwide. Then, the article addresses a number of significant implications of the phase model for the practice of public management. Essentials of the Phase Model Uniquely, the phase model proposes to place each individual into one of eight phases of burnout from I (least advanced) through VIII (most advanced). The model's rationale rejects the common convention of estimating stress by focusing on the number and severity of stressors at work. Rather, the phase model focuses on the ways individuals experience whatever stressors they encounter. Why? Our approach builds on two common observations.(1) Individuals differ widely as to the number and intensity of stressors with which they can comfortably cope--not only are there differences between people at any one time, but also at different points in time for any one person. Moreover, one stressor can energize some people, while it herniates others. Consequently, the phase model focuses on this question: Are the stressors one now experiences too much, whatever their number and severity? Major Components of the Model Our operational definition builds on responses to items in the Maslach Burnout Inventory, or MBI (Maslach and Jackson, 1982, 1986). The MBI is a simple paper-and-pencil instrument which asks respondents: How are things at work, relative to your comfortable coping attitudes and skills? Ratings along a seven-point scale assess how much each item is like or unlike the respondent. For each respondent, these MBI ratings generate three scores: * Depersonalization, where high scores indicate a marked tendency to think of others as things or objects, to distance self from others. * Personal Accomplishment (Reversed), where low scores indicate a person who reports doing well on a worthwhile job. * Emotional Exhaustion, where high scores estimate how dose each individual is to the "end of the rope" in emotional terms. In sum, high scores on emotional exhaustion are seen as contributing more to burnout than inadequate personal accomplishment. Moreover, both arc seen as more virulent than depersonalization. Generating the Phase Model Based on each MBI score, every individual gets three high or low assignments, using norms derived from a large population of federal employees operating under considerable stress (Golembiewski, Boudreau, Munzenrider, and Luo, 1996, 51-57).(2) Directly, then, the phase model takes the form depicted in Figure 1. Individuals in Phase I present this profile of features: they deal with individuals as sentient, valuing beings; they see themselves as doing well on jobs that are socially worthwhile; and they have a surplus or "slack" of emotional resources for coping with more stressors than they am experiencing. Figure 1 Phase Model of Burnout Phases of Burnout I II III IV V VI VII Depersonalization Lo Hi Lo Hi Lo Hi Lo Personal Accomplishiment Lo Lo Hi Hi Lo Lo Hi (Reversed) Emotional Exhaustion Lo Lo Lo Lo Hi Hi Hi Phases of Burnout VIII Depersonalization Hi Personal Accomplishiment Hi (Reversed) Emotional Exhaustion Hi Individuals in Phase VIII present a sharp contrast. …
TL;DR: The results suggest that the negative emotional arousal that accompanies activation of depressive schemata may be a component of natural recovery from depression.
TL;DR: This paper examined gender-related differences in the ways social support and coping contribute to burnout, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and found that higher levels of internal control were associated with greater accomplishment in men only.
Abstract: The present study examined gender-related differences in the ways social support and coping contribute to burnout, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Specific hypotheses were made regarding relationships between antecedent conditions and MBI subscales, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. Respondents were teachers, and data from 2 waves (1 year apart) were examined. Using LISREL structural equation analyses, results were that in women, co-worker support led to lower emotional exhaustion, and in men, supervisor and co-worker support led to higher personal accomplishment. Higher levels of internal control were associated with greater accomplishment in men only. Results were discussed from a gender role perspective.
TL;DR: In this article, a model conceptualizing the role of emotional dissonance in organizational behavior is presented, where the effect of emotional discordance on its direct consequences of job dissatisfaction and emotional exhaustion may vary in their intensity depending on the existence (or lack thereof) of moderators and mediators.
Abstract: Presents a model conceptualizing the role of emotional dissonance in organizational behavior. Emotional dissonance is a form of person‐role conflict originating from the conflict between expressed and experienced emotions. Viewed within a contingency framework, the effect of emotional dissonance on its direct consequences of job dissatisfaction and emotional exhaustion may vary in their intensity depending on the existence (or lack thereof) of moderators and mediators. The study presents nine propositions hypothesizing the impact of these variables to guide future empirical research. As moderators, high levels of self‐monitoring, social support and trait self‐esteem may reduce the deleterious impact of emotional dissonance on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Alternatively, emotional dissonance may induce job tension and state negative affectivity, and reduce state self‐esteem, which in turn, lead to job dissatisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Theoretical and a few practical implications are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed and synthesized the research on burnout among child care workers in early childhood settings and identified a number of conceptual and empirical gaps in the literature.
Abstract: This paper reviews and synthesizes the research on burnout among child care workers in early childhood settings and identifies a number of conceptual and empirical gaps in the literature. Factors that contribute to burnout include the wages and working conditions of child; unclear, ambiguous, or conflicting job descriptions; low levels of communication and social support in the workplace; educational background and employment history; personality factors; and perceptions of child care work. A number of recommendations are made to extend and deepen the research on burnout. There is a need both for more longitudinal research on child care workers as they progress through their career ladders and for retrospective research on individuals after they have left the field due to burnout. Qualitative research methods such as ethnography, case study, and action research can provide additional depth, meaning, and detail on the lived experience of burnout and thereby complement and extend the many quantitative studies in this area. The paper discusses the importance of gender relations and feminist research approaches to the study of a field in which 98% of the workforce are women.
TL;DR: It is concluded that Dutch dentists have relatively favourable mean levels of burnout, but those who are exhausted are extremely exhausted, and the male dentist in his forties appears to be most vulnerable to burnout.
Abstract: UNLABELLED Professional burnout, a long-term consequence of occupational stress, is considered to be a factor that explains a substantial proportion of incapacity for work. Burnout is defined as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment. AIMS To investigate levels of burnout among Dutch practising dentists, to compare dentists' scores with norm scores, and to determine the percentage of dentists "at risk". METHODS The instrument used was the Dutch version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-NL), a 20-item modified version of the original MBI. A highly representative group of Dutch dentists participated (n = 709, 75% response rate). RESULTS Mean levels (and standard deviations) of burnout were: emotional exhaustion 13.7 (8.6); depersonalization 5.9 (3.9); personal accomplishment 30.8 (5.9). Dentists had more favourable means compared with standard scores, although in the 95th percentile dentists showed more emotional exhaustion than standards indicate. While no overall sex differences were found, male middle-aged dentists tended to show more burnout. Of the working Dutch dentists, 21% had a certain risk, 13% had high overall levels of burnout, and 2.5% were highly burned out. CONCLUSION It is concluded that Dutch dentists have relatively favourable mean levels of burnout, but those who are exhausted are extremely exhausted. The male dentist in his forties appears to be most vulnerable to burnout.
TL;DR: The main hypothesis was that staff burnout/distress would be negatively associated with the quantity and quality of social interactions between staff and residents, and ‘perceived involvement in decision‐making’ among staff would be positively associated withthe quantity andquality of staff–resident interactions.
Abstract: Objective The main hypothesis was that staff burnout/distress would be negatively associated with the quantity and quality of social interactions between staff and residents. The subsidiary hypothesis hypothesis was that 'perceived involvement in decision-making' among staff would be positively associated with the quantity and quality of staff-resident interactions. Design Cross-sectional and within-group. Standardized self-report questionnaires completed by staff; and non-participant, time-sampling observation and coding of staff-resident interactions. SETTING. Two independent (not-for-profit) residential care homes for older people in the UK. Participants 18 out of 24 residential workers completed questionnaires. Measures The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12); the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI); the Perceived Involvement Personal Questionnaire (PIPQ); and the Quality of Interactions Schedule (QUIS). Results Staff who reported higher levels of personal accomplishment (ie lower levels of burnout on the personal accomplishment subscale) exhibited significantly more staff-resident interactions; and staff who perceived more involvement in decisions relating to their work showed significantly fewer negative staff-resident interactions. Staff distress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were not found to be significantly related to the quantity or quality of staff resident interactions. Conclusions The results provide some support for the hypotheses. It appears that levels of personal accomplishment and perceived involvement in decision-making among staff may significantly influence the quantity and quality of staff-resident interactions in residential settings. However, the causal relationships are uncertain, and replication of these findings is required in other contexts.
TL;DR: Investigation of which occupational factors are related to levels of burnout among Dutch dentists found that lack of career perspective appeared to be the stress factor most strongly related to burnout.
Abstract: Work stress among dentists has been described several times, indicating a diversity of causes of stress. Professional burnout among dentists has been the subject of empirical study only occasionally. The aim of the present study was to investigate which occupational factors are related to levels of burnout among Dutch dentists. A distinction was made between actual work place characteristics and experienced pressure from specific aspects of dental work. With a response rate of 75%, a representative group of 709 Dutch general dental practitioners responded to a questionnaire containing a Dutch version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-NL), the Dentists' Experienced Work Stress Scale (DEWSS), and a collection of items on work place conditions. No actual work place condition could be demonstrated to be correlated with high burnout levels. Lack of career perspective appeared to be the stress factor most strongly related to burnout. Mean burnout levels of all dentists were found to be favourable in comparison with Dutch norm scores: dentists showed less Emotional Exhaustion, less Depersonalization, and more Personal Accomplishment. It is concluded that the relation between lack of career perspective and burnout should stimulate serious attention for career planning among dentists.
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TL;DR: In this article, a systematic stratified random sample of 438 clergy (55% return rate) was used to collect the data and determine whether leisure behavior, leisure satisfaction, leisure attitude, and self-determination are associated with decreased burnout.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine whether leisure behavior, leisure satisfaction, leisure attitude, and self-determination are associated with decreased burnout. A systematic stratified random sample of 438 clergy (55% return rate) was used to collect the data. In path analysis, results indicate that leisure behavior and leisure satisfaction had an inverse effect on all 3 components of burnout, while leisure attitude had no effect. Self-determination predisposition contributed inversely to 2 components of burnout. Similarly, age and years in ministry had a direct, inverse relationship with the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions of burnout. Number of years employed with the present church was also negatively related to emotional exhaustion. All 3 variables (age, years in ministry, and years with the present church) were positively associated with leisure behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an operationalization of emotional labour and presented hypotheses about consumer responses to emotional labor and emotional effortlessness, and tested these hypotheses in two laboratory experiments, concluding that perceptions of emotional effortless can have a significant and positive impact on customer evaluations, but only in relational (as opposed to discrete) service situations.
Abstract: As part of their jobs, many service employees are required to express certain emotions, such as positive affect toward service customers. Sometimes employees do not actually feel the emotions that they are expressing, resulting in what has been called “emotional labour.” Although a number of scholars have examined how service employees respond to requirements for emotional labour, few have studied how customers respond to employees who are enacting emotional labour ‐ or its opposite, emotional effortlessness. Building from the impression management framework, this paper develops an operationalization of emotional labour and presents hypotheses about consumer responses to emotional labour and emotional effortlessness. It also proposes an adaptation of previous marketing applications of the impression management framework. The hypotheses are then tested in two laboratory experiments. Results suggest that perceptions of emotional effortlessness can have a significant and positive impact on customer evaluations, but only in relational (as opposed to discrete) service situations.
TL;DR: Contrary to the prediction, emotional secrecy affected life satisfaction but indirectly through the mediating influence of physical health, which was not explained by NA, which contributed independently to physical health.
Abstract: The present study investigated two predictions derived from inhibition theory. It was hypothesized that emotional secrecy has a negative impact on (1) physical and (2) subjective well-being. Also, the study examined whether the relation holds when controlling for negative affectivity (NA), a variable that can be assumed to mediate the relation between emotional secrecy and physical and subjective well-being. Consistent with the hypothesis, emotional secrecy negatively affected physical health. This finding was not explained by NA, which contributed independently to physical health. Contrary to the prediction, emotional secrecy affected life satisfaction but indirectly through the mediating influence of physical health. The implications of these results for future research on emotional secrecy and physical and subjective well-being are discussed.
TL;DR: Except for measures to prevent work stress, information from employees did not sufficiently contribute to the initiation of preventive measures in the workplace, and specific predictors emerged.
Abstract: Objectives - Due to recent changes in legislation on occupational health and safety, a national monitor on stress and physical load was developed in The Netherlands to monitor (a) risks and consequences of stress and physical load at work, (b) preventive actions in companies to reduce these risks, and (c) organisational and environmental variables that facilitate preventive actions. Methods - Information was gathered from employers, employees, and employees' representatives. The monitor was used with a nationally representative sample of companies in industry, wholesale trade, and banking and finance, 782 companies in total. Results and conclusions - The information from the employees, aggregated at the company level, was not found to be correlated with that from the employer from the same companies. Although many employers do recognise risk factors for both physical load and stress as a problem they often seem to underestimate the problem when compared with employees or their representatives. This is particularly the case for psychosocial risk factors. Also, the perception of outcome measures, especially employers who consider emotional exhaustion to be work related, were fewer than the employees' representatives of the same organisation. Preventive measures on physical load are much more popular than measures against stress. It is the responsibility of the employer to take more preventive action of all kinds. They need to recognise risk factors as problems and health outcomes to be related to work. Employees of larger companies should participate with employers to consider effective measures, and more use should be made of support at branch level. For specific preventive measures, specific predictors emerged. Except for measures to prevent work stress, information from employees did not sufficiently contribute to the initiation of preventive measures in the workplace.
TL;DR: This article explored the degree of association between employee perceptions of the work environment and burnout and found that although physical aspects of a job are associated with certain aspects of burnout, the stronger relationships are clearly with respondents' perceptions of workplace climate.
Abstract: This study explored the degree of association between employee perceptions of the work environment and burnout. Aspects of the job and organisational structures that can be influenced were tested for association with the Maslach and Jackson components of employee burnout in an attempt to understand the stress processes that lead to employees experiencing emotional exhaustion, depersonalising customers and feeling a lack of personal accomplishment. Data from a questionnaire completed by employees of large hotels in New Zealand indicate that although physical aspects of a job are associated with certain aspects of burnout, the stronger relationships are clearly with respondents’ perceptions of the workplace climate. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between dimensions of burnout and employee commitment to the organization were tested in two hospital samples, using structural equations analysis, and the present data provided support for the converse hypothesis, that low commitment contributes to the experience of burn out.
Abstract: Relationships between dimensions of burnout and employee commitment to the organization were tested in two hospital samples, using structural equations analysis. Whereas burnout has typically been assumed to be a predictor of organizational commitment, the present data provided support for the converse hypothesis, that low commitment contributes to the experience of burnout. Specifically, in a sample of nurses (n = 197), commitment showed direct effects on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and a weaker indirect effect (via exhaustion) on depersonalization. A similar pattern of effects emerged in a sample of laboratory technicians from the same organization (n = 110), although in this case the direct linkage between organizational commitment and depersonalization was not statistically significant. Implications for organizational efforts to reduce burnout are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the extent of association between the burnout scores of residential workers and variables such as religious affiliation, personal relationships, perceived skill levels, job satisfaction, case loads, decision-making and social support was reported.
Abstract: Burnout is a syndrome which occurs frequently amongst individuals who work in human service occupations (Maslach & Jackson, 1981). These researchers suggest that burnout is comprised of three dimensions — emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout has been shown not only to induce a decline in the quality of care provided to clients by staff, but it also is linked to job turnover, absenteeism and low morale. The current research reports the extent of association between the burnout scores of residential workers and variables such as religious affiliation, personal relationships, perceived skill levels, job satisfaction, case loads, decision-making and social support. Significant associations were found between burnout scores and some demographic variables (e.g. practice of religion was associated with low burnout scores). Similarly, low burnout scores were associated with some features of the work situation (e.g. job satisfaction). The implications for p...
TL;DR: The factor analysis using principal factoring with an oblique rotation resulted in three factor structures that had different implications from the MBI: Emotional Ex exhaustion/Depersonalization, Personal Accomplishment, and Physical Exhaustion.
Abstract: This article presents an evaluation of the factor structures of the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The MBI is a widely used psychometric instrument for measuring ‘burnout’ developed by Maslach and her co-workers. The MBI consists of four subscales: Emotional Exhaustion, Personal Accomplishment, Depersonalization, and Involvement. The MBI was translated into Japanese along with a back-translation and was administered to a sample of 267 nurses.Various psychometric analyses showed that the Japanese version of the MBI has high reliability for the 22 items scored for the frequency dimension. The factor analysis using principal factoring with an oblique rotation resulted in three factor structures that had different implications from the MBI: Emotional Exhaustion/Depersonalization, Personal Accomplishment, and Physical Exhaustion. The correlationship between the MBI and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), measures of depression, showed that burnout was a unique phenomenon.
TL;DR: In this article, a qualitative study of the situational determinants of coping with severe reactions to work-related stress, including burnout, is presented, and the successful resolution of the crisis caused by an incapacity to work due to physical and emotional exhaustion is documented in an exploratory study.
Abstract: This is a qualitative study of the situational determinants of coping with severe reactions to work-related stress, including burnout. The successful resolution of the crisis caused by an incapacity to work due to physical and emotional exhaustion is documented in an exploratory study of broad coping processes and specific strategies involved. Subjects were recruited from a large territory (the province of Quebec in Canada). Comparative analysis of the accounts of the 20 human service workers and 16 other professionals led to the identification of a common process typified by six consecutive stages: admitting the problem, distancing from work, restoring health, questioning values, exploring work possibilities and making objective changes. The recovery process is long and takes from 1 to 3 years. The ultimate strategy utilized by most of the subjects was to change their objectivc working conditions. Various strategies for identity reinforcement (seeking reassurance, understanding causes, seeking s...