Showing papers on "Emotional labor published in 1994"
TL;DR: While the new nursing endeavours to emphasize the social context of patients, health and illness, much of the psychotherapeutic literature called in support is essentialist: the social world is treated as a hindrance to the goal of 'authenticity'.
Abstract: At the heart of the 'new nursing' is an emphasis on developing a close, holistic relationship between nurse and patient. Through this not only will healing be facilitated, and patients be encouraged to take responsibility for their own health, but the nurse will be placed firmly at the centre of the network of health professionals. Individual practitioners and the profession as a whole will achieve a clearer and more satisfying mission. This casting of the nurse as pivotal enabler parallels attempts to systematize social work theory and practice in the 1970s, and many common intellectual sources on relationship-building are used. But what are the supposed characteristics of the 'good relationship'? The paper argues that, while the new nursing endeavours to emphasize the social context of patients, health and illness, much of the psychotherapeutic literature called in support is essentialist: the social world is treated as a hindrance to the goal of 'authenticity'. Thus acquired professional knowledge and skills are devalued. Added to the potential of this for personal stress are risks for the profession itself. In circumstances of permanent financial pressure, foregrounding hard-to-measure criteria of success, like the quality of relationships, is very hazardous.
80 citations
TL;DR: The role of emotion in the workplace has been the subject of a series of provocative studies (Hochschild, 1983; Van Maanen & Kunda, 1989). as mentioned in this paper locates research on organizational emotion in larger traditions of emotion research and argues that the communicative aspects of emotion have been understudied.
Abstract: The role of emotion in the workplace has been the subject of a series of provocative studies (Hochschild, 1983; Van Maanen & Kunda, 1989). This essay locates research on organizational emotion in the larger traditions of emotion research and argues that the communicative aspects of emotion have been understudied. Existing research on the subject is divided into three themes: the emotional labor and attendant psychological costs that characterize some occupations, the use of emotional expression as a tool for the achievement of management objectives, and the role of culture in shaping the emotional lives of members. Three broad areas requiring study by communication researchers are explored. First, the substantial literature on organizational regulation of emotional display is reviewed and criticized for implicitly casting communication in the role of “emotional packaging.” Second, possibilities for studying the process of emotional interpretation are presented, with particular emphasis on the constitutive...
75 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that a focus on the deployment of emotion work in specific social and institutional contexts provides a perspective on emotions as resources that are consciously drawn upon by actors in order to achieve socio-cultural and wider political ends.
Abstract: In this paper I investigate emotional labour in the field of nursing. I show how new ideologies of health promotion have become attached to the prior agenda and already-embedded relationships which...
73 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the character of secretarial work based on data from secretaries working in organizations of different size and at various levels of bureaucratic control, and presented a typology of Secretarial labor that reflects a corresponding continuum of clear definition and formal recognition by organizations.
Abstract: Previous studies of secretarial work in organizations have reported a discrepancy between formally acknowledged roles and actual labor performed. In addition, many clerical jobs have been neither successfully routinized nor rationalized. As in other areas of women's work, articulation and categorization of tasks has been stunted by lack of language to adequately describe them. This analysis examines the character of secretarial work based on data from secretaries working in organizations of different size and at various levels of bureaucratic control. A typology of secretarial labor is presented that reflects a corresponding continuum of clear definition and formal recognition by organizations. Some of this ambiguity is accounted for by the fact that gender expectations are interwoven into the work role. Much of secretarial labor, including intellectual and emotional aspects of the work, are "invisible" to organizations, yet are essential to fulfilling organizational and professional goals.
58 citations