Showing papers on "Empire published in 2001"

The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939

Abstract: The Soviet Union was the first of Europe's multiethnic states to confront the rising tide of nationalism by systematically promoting the national consciousness of its ethnic minorities and establishing for them many of the institutional forms characteristic of the modern nation-state. In the 1920s, the Bolshevik government, seeking to defuse nationalist sentiment, created tens of thousands of national territories. It trained new national leaders, established national languages, and financed the production of national-language cultural products. This was a massive and fascinating historical experiment in governing a multiethnic state. Terry Martin provides a comprehensive survey and interpretation, based on newly available archival sources, of the Soviet management of the nationalities question. He traces the conflicts and tensions created by the geographic definition of national territories, the establishment of dozens of official national languages, and the world's first mass "affirmative action" programs. Martin examines the contradictions inherent in the Soviet nationality policy, which sought simultaneously to foster the growth of national consciousness among its minority populations while dictating the exact content of their cultures; to sponsor national liberation movements in neighboring countries, while eliminating all foreign influence on the Soviet Union's many diaspora nationalities. Martin explores the political logic of Stalin's policies as he responded to a perceived threat to Soviet unity in the 1930s by re-establishing the Russians as the state's leading nationality and deporting numerous "enemy nations."

Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire

Abstract: Part I Beginnings: prologue precursors. Part II Localities: dominions India colonies mandates. Part III Generalities: honours monarchs perspectives limitations. Part IV Endings: dissolution epilogue. Pappendix: an imperial childhood?

On the grounds of globalization: a topography for feminist political engagement.

Abstract: lobalization is nothing new. Global trade has been going on for millennia-though what constitutes the "globe" has expanded dramatically in that time. And trade is nothing if not cultural exchange, the narrow distinctions between the economic and the cultural having long been rendered obsolete. Moreover, our forbears, like us, were great "miscegenators." If here I gloss the racialized and gendered violence often associated with miscegenation, I do so strategically to note that all recourse to purity, indigeneity, or aboriginalityhowever useful strategicallyshould be subject to at least as much scrutiny as the easy romance with hybridity (see Mitchell 1997). Globalization has been the signature dish of capitalism-a system of social relations of production and reproduction nourished by uneven development across a range of spatial scales, from the local or regional to the national or supranational, the ambitions of which have always been global since its birth in Europe more than five centuries ago. European-born mercantile capitalism early on was driven by a real expansion for markets and the goods to trade across them. This was nothing new, particularly, until the agents of capital began to assemble an empire and deployed the physical and symbolic violence intended to redirect toward European interests the globe Europeans were "discovering." With

Tense and tender ties: the politics of comparison in North American history and (post) colonial studies.

Abstract: This essay takes as its subject two distinctive historiographies, one in postcolonial studies and the other in North American history, that both address how intimate domains-sex, sentiment, domestic arrangement, and child rearing-figure in the making of racial categories and in the management of imperial rule. It examines two prevailing trends: on the one hand, an analytic convergence in treatments of, and increasing attention to, intimacy in the making of empire; on the other, recognition of the distinctive conceptual commitments and political investments that shape the fields as separate disciplinary ventures and historiographic domains. I use the terms "postcolonial studies" and "colonial studies" interchangeably, although those who identify themselves with one do not always identify with the other. Some scholars use the term "postcolonial" to signal a cross-disciplinary political project, analytically akin to cultural studies, that rejects colonial categories and scholarship that takes them for granted. Others retain the term "colonial studies" to underscore more concern for the local and labor history of colonial societies while similarly acknowledging the continuing political, economic, and cultural landscape in which populations who have been colonized are subjugated and now live. The

Revolutions in Sovereignty: How Ideas Shaped Modern International Relations.

Abstract: TABLES AND FIGURES ix PREFACE xi PART ONE: REVOLUTIONS IN SOVEREIGNTY 1 ONE Introduction: Revolutions in Sovereignty 3 TWO The Constitution of International Society 11 THREE A Brief History of Constitutions of International Society in the West 28 FOUR How Revolutions in Ideas Bring Revolutions in Sovereignty 46 PART TWO: THE FOUNDING OF THE SOVEREIGN STATES SYSTEM AT WESTPHALIA 73 FIVE Westphalia as Origin 75 SIX The Origin of Westphalia 97 SEVEN The Power of Protestant Propositions 123 PART THREE: THE REVOLUTION OF COLONIAL INDEPENDENCE: THE GLOBAL EXPANSION OF WESTPHALIA 151 EIGHT Ideas and the End of Empire 153 NINE The End of the British Empire: Cashing Out the Promise of Self-Government 168 TEN Revolutionary Ideas in the British Colonies 190 ELEVEN Britain's Burden of Empire 203 TWELVE The Fall of Greater France 220 PART FOUR: THE REVOLUTIONS CONSIDERED TOGETHER 251 THIRTEEN Conclusion: Two Revolutions, One Movement 253 NOTES 263 BIBLIOGRAPHY 309 INDEX 331

Globalization Unmasked: Imperialism in the 21st Century

Abstract: * Contents * Introduction * 1. Globalization or Imperialism? * 2. Globalization: A Critical Analysis * 3. Globalization as Ideology * 4. Capitalism at the End of the Millennium * 5. The Labyrinth of Privatization * 6. Democracy and Capitalism: An Uneasy Relationship * 7. Cooperation for Development * 8. NGOs in the Service of Imperialism * 9. US Empire and Narco - Capitalism * 10. The Politics of US Hegemony: Right-wing Strategy in Practice * 11. Socialism in an Age of Imperialism

The Politics of Latin Literature: Writing, Identity, and Empire in Ancient Rome.

Abstract: AcknowledgmentsIntroduction3Ch. 1Latin Literature and the Problem of Rome15Ch. 2Why Was Latin Literature Invented?34Ch. 3Cicero and the Bandits69Ch. 4Culture Wars in the First Century B.C.E.88Ch. 5Writing as Social Performance103Ch. 6Roman Women's Useless Knowledge122Ch. 7An Aristocracy of Virtue137Ch. 8Pannonia Domanda Est: The Construction of the Imperial Subject through Ovid's Poetry from Exile151Notes171Index of Passages Cited223General Index229

A state of nations : empire and nation-making in the age of Lenin and Stalin

Abstract: Contributors Ronald Gregor Suny and Terry Martin: Introduction Part I: Empire and Nations 1: Ronald Grigor Suny: The Empire Strikes Out: Imperial Russia, "National" Identity, and Theories of Empire 2: Terry Martin: An Affirmative Action Empire: The Soviet Union as the Highest Form of Imperialism Part II: The Revolutionary Conjuncture 3: Joshua Sanborn: Family, Fraternity, and Nation-Building in Russia, 1905-1925 4: Peter Holquist: To Count, to Extract, and to Exterminate: Population Statistics and Population Politics in Late Imperial and Soviet Russia 5: Adeeb Khalid: Nationalizing the Revolution in Central Asia: The Transformation of Jadidism, 1917-1920 Part III: Forging "Nations" 6: Daniel E. Schafer: Local Politics and the Birth of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 1919-1920 7: Douglas Northrop: Nationalizing Backwardness: Gender, Empire, and Uzbek Identity Part IV: Stalinism and the Empire of Nations 8: Matt Payne: The Forge of the Kazakh Proletariat? The Turksib, Nativization, and Industrialization during Stalin's First Five-Year Plan 9: Peter A. Blitstein: Nation-Building or Russification? Obligatory Russian Instruction in the Soviet Non-Russian School, 1938-1953 10: Davd Brandenberger: "...It is Imperitive to Advance Russian Nationalism as the First Priority": Debates within the Stalinist Ideological Establishment, 1941-1945 Index

Foreign in a Domestic Sense: Puerto Rico, American Expansion, and the Constitution

Abstract: In this groundbreaking study of American imperialism, leading legal scholars address the problem of the U.S. territories. Foreign in a Domestic Sense will redefine the boundaries of constitutional scholarship. More than four million U.S. citizens currently live in five “unincorporated” U.S. territories. The inhabitants of these vestiges of an American empire are denied full representation in Congress and cannot vote in presidential elections. Focusing on Puerto Rico, the largest and most populous of the territories, Foreign in a Domestic Sense sheds much-needed light on the United States’ unfinished colonial experiment and its legacy of racially rooted imperialism, while insisting on the centrality of these “marginal” regions in any serious treatment of American constitutional history. For one hundred years, Puerto Ricans have struggled to define their place in a nation that neither wants them nor wants to let them go. They are caught in a debate too politicized to yield meaningful answers. Meanwhile, doubts concerning the constitutionality of keeping colonies have languished on the margins of mainstream scholarship, overlooked by scholars outside the island and ignored by the nation at large. This book does more than simply fill a glaring omission in the study of race, cultural identity, and the Constitution; it also makes a crucial contribution to the study of American federalism, serves as a foundation for substantive debate on Puerto Rico’s status, and meets an urgent need for dialogue on territorial status between the mainlandd and the territories. Contributors. Jose Julian Alvarez Gonzalez, Roberto Aponte Toro, Christina Duffy Burnett, Jose A. Cabranes, Sanford Levinson, Burke Marshall, Gerald L. Neuman, Angel R. Oquendo, Juan Perea, Efren Rivera Ramos, Rogers M. Smith, E. Robert Statham Jr., Brook Thomas, Richard Thornburgh, Juan R. Torruella, Jose Trias Monge, Mark Tushnet, Mark Weiner

Being Greek under Rome : cultural identity, the second sophistic and the development of empire

Abstract: List of contributors Introduction: setting an agenda - 'everything is Greece to the wise' Simon Goldhill Part I. Subjected to Empire: 1. From Megalopolis to Cosmopolis: Polybius, or there and back again John Henderson 2. Mutilated messengers: body language in Josephus Maud Gleason 3. Roman questions, Greek answers: Plutarch and the construction of identity Rebecca Preston Part II. Intellectuals on the Margins: 4. Describing self in the language of the other: Pseudo (?) Lucian at the temple of Hierapolis Jas Elsner 5. The erotic eye: visual stimulation and cultural conflict Simon Goldhill 6. Visions and revisions of Homer Froma I. Zeitlin Part III. Topography and the Performance of Culture: 7. 'Greece is the world': exile and identity in the Second Sophistic Tim Whitmarsh 8. Local heroes: athletics, festivals, and elite self-fashioning in the Roman East Onno van Nijf 9. The Rabbi in Aphrodite's bath: Palestinian society and Jewish identity in the High Roman Empire Seth Schwartz List of works cited Index of major passages discussed General index.

British Imperialism: 1688-2000

Abstract: Foreword: The Continuing Debate on Empire. 1. Introduction: 1688-1914. 2. The Gentlemanly Order: 1850-1914. 3. The Wider World: 1850-1914. 4. Redividing the World. 5. Introduction: 1914-2000. 6. The Gentlemanly Order: 1914-39. 7. The Wider World: 1914-49. 8. Losing an Empire and Finding a Role: 1939-2000. Afterword:Empires and Globalization. Maps. Further Reading. Index.

The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History

Abstract: The "national question" and how to impose control over its diverse ethnic identities has long posed a problem for the Russian state. This major survey of Russia as a multi-ethnic empire spans the imperial years from the sixteenth century to 1917, with major consideration of the Soviet phase. It asks how Russians incorporated new territories, how they were resisted, what the character of a multi-ethnic empire was and how, finally, these issues related to nationalism.

Becoming Japanese: Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation

Abstract: In 1895 Japan acquired Taiwan as its first formal colony after a resounding victory in the Sino-Japanese war. For the next fifty years, Japanese rule devastated and transformed the entire socioeconomic and political fabric of Taiwanese society. In "Becoming Japanese", Leo Ching examines the formation of Taiwanese political and cultural identities under the dominant Japanese colonial discourse of assimilation (doka) and imperialization (kominka) from the early 1920s to the end of the Japanese Empire in 1945. "Becoming Japanese" analyzes the ways in which the Taiwanese struggled, negotiated, and collaborated with Japanese colonialism during the cultural practices of assimilation and imperialization. It chronicles a historiography of colonial identity formations that delineates the shift from a collective and heterogeneous political horizon into a personal and inner struggle of 'becoming Japanese'. Representing Japanese colonialism in Taiwan as a topography of multiple associations and identifications made possible through the triangulation of imperialist Japan, nationalist China, and colonial Taiwan, Ching demonstrates the irreducible tension and contradiction inherent in the formations and transformations of colonial identities. Throughout the colonial period, Taiwanese elites imagined and constructed China as a discursive space where various forms of cultural identification and national affiliation were projected. Successfully bridging history and literary studies, this bold and imaginative book rethinks the history of Japanese rule in Taiwan by radically expanding its approach to colonial discourses.

Mayan Visions: The Quest for Autonomy in an Age of Globalization

Abstract: Preamble Acronyms Glossary Chapter 1: Indigenous Counterplots to Global Processes Chapter 2: Indigenous Communities and the Uneasy Alliance with Empire and Nation Chapter 3: Exodus form Communities and the Genesis of Indigenous Culture in National Spaces Chapter 4: Radical Democratic Mobilization 1994-1996 Chapter 5: Civil Society in Crisis: The Contest for Peace and Justice 1995-2000 Chapter 6: Pluricultural Survival in the Global Ecumene References Cited

The empire of things : regimes of value and material culture

Abstract: Representing a new wave of thinking about material culture studies-a topic long overdue for reevaluation-the essays in this volume take a fresh look at the relationship between material culture and exchange theory and illuminate the changing patterns of cultural flow in an increasingly global economy and the cultural differences registered in "regimes of value." The Empire of Things includes an extensive interview with the late Annette B.Weiner, whose work on exchange theory still inspires contemporary material culture studies. The contributors deconstruct the traditional opposition between "gift" and "commodity" and between supposedly "alienable" and "inalienable" objects in ceremonies of exchange-whether on the island of Sumba or among middle-class shoppers in North London. They show how objects can become symbols of national identity, in cases ranging from artworks in Australia to lost body parts of past Mexican presidents.They reveal how the movement of objects through different contexts, across borders, or through art exhibitions exposes contradictions and shifting meanings for different constituencies.

Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity: Gold, Labour, and Aristocratic Dominance

Abstract: The economy of the late antique Mediterranean is still largely seen through the prism of Weber's influential essay of 1896 Rejecting that orthodoxy, this book argues that the late empire saw substantial economic and social change, propelled by the powerful stimulus of a stable gold coinage that circulated widely In successive chapters Dr Banaji adduces fresh evidence for the prosperity of the late Roman countryside, the expanding circulation of gold, the restructuring of agrarian elites, and the extensive use of paid labour, above all in the period spanning the fifth to seventh centuries The papyrological evidence is scrutinised in detail to show that a key development entailed the rise of a new aristocracy whose estates were immune to the devastating fragmentation of partible inheritance, extensively irrigated, and responsive to market opportunitiesThe study offers a new perspective on the still largely contested issues of the use and control of labour, arguing that the East Mediterranean saw a considerable expansion of wage employmentA concluding chapter defines the more general issue raised by the aristocracy's involvement in the monetary and business economy of the period Exploiting a wide range of sources, Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity weaves together different strands of historiography (Weber, Mickwitz, papyrology, agrarian history) into a fascinating interpretation that challenges the minimalist orthodoxies about late antiquity and the ancient economy

Qing Colonial Enterprise: Ethnography and Cartography in Early Modern China

Abstract: Laura Hostetler here shows how Qing China (1636-1911) used cartography and ethnography to pursue its imperial ambitions. She argues that far from being on the periphery of developments in the early modern period, Qing China both participated in and helped shape the new emphasis on empirical scientific knowledge that was simultaneously transforming Europe - and its colonial empires - at the time. Although mapping in China is almost as old as Chinese civilization itself, the Qing insistence on accurate scale maps of their territory was a new response to the difficulties of administering a vast and growing empire. Likewise, direct observation became increasingly important to Qing ethnographic writings, such as the illustrated manuscripts known as "Miao albums" (from which twenty color paintings are reproduced in this book). These were intended to educate Qing officials about various non-Han peoples so they could govern these groups more effectively. Hostetler's groundbreaking study provides a wealth of insights to anyone interested in the significance of cartography, the growth of empire, or this exciting period of Chinese history.

On the Edge of Empire: Gender, Race, and the Making of British Columbia, 1849-1871

Abstract: I n this lively history, Adele Perry demonstrates that, despite protracted efforts to create an orderly W h i t e settler colony anchored in "respectable" gender and racial behaviours, during the years between 1849 a n d 1871 British Columbia was a "racially plural, rough and turbulent" place, where the inhabitants challenged the norms and values of mainstream nineteenth-century AngloAmerican society. British Columbia failed to live up to imperial expectations, Perry argues, because of the persistence and resistance of First Nations and the unwillingness of White settlers. Perry contends that many British Columbians today cherish an idealized image of a "White man's province" that never was: "In contemporary newspapers and conversations, W h i t e British Columbians often long for the days when our society was unquestionably British, when our tea and crumpets were not disrupted by Asian neighbours or First Nations demands for land and recognition. When we do so we long for a fiction of our own invention" (201). A recognition of the significance of colonialism to BC history is central to Perry's approach, and her study draws on and contributes to an international body of l i terature tha t examines connections between imperialism, gender, and race. British Columbia fits within a broader context of European colonialism in that it was a settler colony where dispossesion of the indigenous societies and resettlement by a newcomer population were intertwined. While this is imperial history, it is not an example of the triumph of imperialism as in this era Aboriginal peoples remained demographically dominant and socially central. Perry provides compelling evidence for the importance of gender in understanding the formation of this unique variant of colonial society. Gender figured prominently in colonial critiques of Aboriginal societies and in the efforts to remake Brit ish Columbia as a White society. The gender roles and identities in this setting departed from and challenged imperial plans and ideals. This book also makes a valuable Canadian contribution to "Whiteness" studies. These studies have blossomed over the past decade and critically examine the social construction of Whiteness, which gained its meaning from encounters with non-Whiteness.

The Bible and the Third World: Precolonial, Colonial and Postcolonial Encounters

Abstract: Introduction Part I. Precolonial Reception: 1. Before the empire Part II. Colonial Embrace: 2. White men bearing gifts: diffusion of the Bible and scriptural imperialism 3. Reading back: resistance as a discursive practice 4. The colonialist as a contentious reader: Colenso and his hermeneutics 5. Textual pedlars: distributing salvation - colporteurs and their portable Bibles Part III. Postcolonial Reclamations: 6. Desperately looking for the indigene: nativism and vernacular hermeneutics 7. Engaging liberation: texts as a vehicle of emancipation 8. Postcolonialising biblical interpretation Afterword Bibliography Index of biblical references Index of names and subjects.

Mimesis and Empire: The New World, Islam, and European Identities

Abstract: Introduction 1. Truth, fictions, and the New World 2. Literary loyalties, imperial betrayals 3. Lettered subjects 4. Virtual Spaniards 5. Faithless empires 6. Pirating Spain Conclusion.

Decline and Fall of the Roman City

Abstract: This book discusses the changes which occurred in the cities of the Roman world in the period AD 400- 750. The cities of the Middle Ages, both in the East and Western parts of the old Roman Empire, differed from classical cities in fundamental ways. Professor Liebeschuetz concludes that this suggests a decline and fall in the Roman cities. At the centre of this book is an account of the decline of cities as political organizations: the replacement of government in accordance with constitutional rules by a looser and much more informal kind of oligarchical control which was paralleled by the rise of the bishop. Professor Liebeschuetz argues that among the factors that transformed and undermined the Roman city the most conspicuous were related to the state of the Empire, economic developments which were consequences of the breaking up of the imperial structure, as well as more localized regional circumstances. The decline and fall of the Roman city was accompanied by very great changes in life style which can be summarized as simplification and localization. Further he concludes that Christianity by teaching people to despise the things of this world helped them to come to terms with the deterioration of their worldly circumstances.

System, empire and state in Chinese international relations

Abstract: Two criticisms have long been directed at the theorization of international relations (IR): ahistoricism and Eurocentrism Westphalia, it is argued, has been so stigmatized that it has become synonymous with the beginning as well as the end of what we understand as international relations Rationalist theorizing in general, of both the neorealist and neoliberal persuasions, has produced a set of deductive theories that aim and claim to transcend history

Britishness and Australian identity: The problem of nationalism in Australian history and historiography∗

Abstract: This article explores the conceptual problems and contextual assumptions found in the treatment of Britishness in Australian history, especially as it has affected the understanding of Australia's relations with the world. It examines firstly the problem of the teleology of nationalism and its uses in Australian history, secondly the notion of Britishness in Australian identity, thirdly the Australian view of Britain and the Empire/Commonwealth in the twentieth century and lastly the implications of this for tensions between the community of culture and the community of interest in Australia.

Ethnic nationalism and the fall of empires : Central Europe, Russia and the Middle East, 1914-1923

Abstract: Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires is a wide-ranging comparative study of the origins of today's ethnic politics in East Central Europe, the former Russian empire and the Middle East. Centred on the First World War Era, Ethnic Nationalism highlights the roles of historical contingency and the ordeal of total war in shaping the states and institutions that supplanted the great multinational empires after 1918. It explores how the fixing of new political boundaries and the complex interplay of nationalist elites and popular forces set in motion bitter ethnic conflicts and political disputes, many of which are still with us today. Topics discussed include: * the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian empire * the ethnic dimension of the Russian Revolution and Soviet state building * Nationality issues in the late Ottoman empire * the origins of Arab nationalism * ethnic politics in zones of military occupation * the construction of Czechoslovak and Yugoslav identities Ethnic Nationalism is an invaluable survey of the origins of twentieth-century ethnic politics. It is essential reading for those interested in the politics of ethnicity and nationalism in modern European and Middle Eastern history.

To Try Her Fortune in London: Australian Women, Colonialism, and Modernity

Abstract: This book is the first study to consider white colonials as part of the colonial presence at the heart of the empire. Between 1870 and 1940 tens of thousands of Australian women were drawn to London, their imperial metropolis and the center of the publishing, art, theatrical, and educational worlds. Even more Australian women than men made the pilgrimage "home," seeking opportunities and possibilities beyond those available to them in Australian colonies or dominion. Through this lens, Woolacott explores hitherto unexamined connections between whitenss, colonial status, gender and modernity.

The Making of Modern Burma

Abstract: Introduction: the fall of Mandalay 1. Kings and distant wars 2. The Irrawaddy Valley in the early nineteenth century 3. The court of Ava 4. Empire and identity 5. The grand reforms of King Mindon 6. Revolt and the coming of British rule 7. Reformists and royalists at the court of King Thibaw 8. War and occupation 9. A colonial society Conclusions: the making of modern Burma.

On post-colonial futures : transformations of colonial culture

Abstract: In this groundbreaking work, Bill Ashcroft extends the arguments posed in The Empire Writes Back to investigate the transformative effects of postcolonial resistance and the continuing relevance of colonial struggle. He demonstrates the remarkable capacity for change and adaptation emanating from postcolonial cultures both in everyday life and in the intellectual spheres of literature, history and philosophy. The transformations of postcolonial literary study have not been limited to a simple rewriting of the canon but have also affected the ways in which all literature can be read and have led to a more profound understanding of the network of cultural practices that influence creative writing.

An Empire on Display: English, Indian, and Australian Exhibitions from the Crystal Palace to the Great War

Abstract: List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments 1. Exhibitions and the New Imperialism 2. 'The Exhibition Wallahs': Commissioners and the Production of Imperial Knowledge 3. Commissioners and the State: Power and Controversy at the Exhibitions 4. Consumers, Producers, and Markets: The Political Economy of Imperial Federation 5. Terrae Nullae? Australia and India at Overseas Exhibitions 6. 'Machines-in-Motion': Technology, Labor, and the Ironies of Industrialism 7. Imperial and National Taxonomies: Entertaining and Policing Exhibition Visitors 8. The Imperial Pilgrims' Progress: Ceremonies, Tourism, and Epic Theater at the Exhibitions Epilogue. Recessional: Imperial Culture and Colonial Nationalism Illustrations Appendix A. Major Australian, English, and Indian Exhibitions, 1851-1914 Appendix B. Prominent Exhibition Commissioners Appendix C. English Government Expenditures for Selected Exhibitions, 1851-1914 Notes Select Bibliography Index