Showing papers on "Empire published in 2016"

The empire is dead, long live the empire! Long-run persistence of trust and corruption in the bureaucracy

Abstract: We hypothesise that the Habsburg Empire with its well-respected administration increased citizens’ trust in local public services. In several Eastern European countries, communities on both sides of the long-gone Habsburg border have shared common formal institutions for a century now. We use a border specification and a two-dimensional geographic regression discontinuity design to identify from individuals living within a restricted band around the former border. We find that historical Habsburg affiliation increases current trust and reduces corruption in courts and police. Falsification tests of spuriously moved borders, geographic and pre-existing differences and interpersonal trust corroborate a genuine Habsburg effect.

Empire of cotton: a global history

Abstract: With Empire of Cotton, Sven Beckert provides an expansive framework for thinking about the definitive role of one commodity in the creation, maintenance, and decline of the global economic order si...

Rome in the East : The Transformation of an Empire

Abstract: In this lavishly illustrated and arresting study, Warwick Ball presents the story of Rome's overwhelming fascination with the East through a coverage of the historical, architectural and archaeological evidence unparalleled in both breadth and detail. This was a fascination of the new world for the old, and of the mundane for the exotic - a love affair that took literal form in the story of Antony and Cleopatra. From Rome's legendary foundation by Aeneas and the Trojan heroes as the New Troy, through the installation of Arabs as Roman emperors, to the eventual foundation of the new Rome by a latter-day Aeneas at Constantinople, the East took over Rome, - and Rome eventually ditched Europe to the barbarians. Rome in the East overturns the received wisdom about Rome as the bastion of European culture. Newly available in paperback, and illustrated with almost 300 photographs, plans and drawings, its accessible and comprehensive approach makes it an ideal resource for both the academic and general reader.

How the Brahmins Won: From Alexander to the Guptas

Abstract: This is the first study to systematically confront the question how Brahmanism, which was geographically limited and under threat during the final centuries BCE, transformed itself and spread all over South and Southeast Asia. Brahmanism spread over this vast area without the support of an empire, without the help of conquering armies, and without the intermediary of religious missionaries. This phenomenon has no parallel in world history, yet shaped a major portion of the surface of the earth for a number of centuries. This book focuses on the formative period of this phenomenon, roughly between Alexander and the Guptas.

European Elites and Ideas of Empire, 1917-1957

Abstract: Who thought of Europe as a community before its economic integration in 1957? Dina Gusejnova illustrates how a supranational European mentality was forged from depleted imperial identities. In the revolutions of 1917 to 1920, the power of the Hohenzollern, Habsburg and Romanoff dynasties over their subjects expired. Even though Germany lost its credit as a world power twice in that century, in the global cultural memory, the old Germanic families remained associated with the idea of Europe in areas reaching from Mexico to the Baltic region and India. Gusejnova's book sheds light on a group of German-speaking intellectuals of aristocratic origin who became pioneers of Europe's future regeneration. In the minds of transnational elites, the continent's future horizons retained the contours of phantom empires.

Empire of Things: How We Became a World of Consumers, from the Fifteenth Century to the Twenty-First

Abstract: What we consume has become the defining feature of our lives: our economies live or die by spending, we are treated more as consumers than workers, and even public services are presented to us as products in a supermarket. In this monumental study, acclaimed historian Frank Trentmann unfolds the extraordinary history that has shaped our material world, from late Ming China, Renaissance Italy and the British empire to the present. Astonishingly wide-ranging and richly detailed, Empire of Things explores how we have come to live with so much more, how this changed the course of history, and the global challenges we face as a result.

Normative Empire Europe: The European Union, its Borderlands, and the ‘Arab Spring’

Abstract: Focusing on the EU's relations with its periphery, this paper takes issue both with persistent ‘normative’ conceptions of the EU's international role in the European Studies literature and with the constructivist–rationalist divide in IR theory. The conceptualization of the EU – a vast, composite and ever-expanding entity with ‘fuzzy’ borders – as an empire of sorts bridges the theoretical divide and offers a powerful explanation of the EU's behaviour vis-a-vis its vicinity. Through the transfer of rules and practices beyond its borders, the EU is indeed engaged in ‘normative’ policies, which however primarily serve the security and economic interests of the EU and its Member States. Thus, the EU's (allegedly) norm-based behaviour is in itself a utility-maximizing strategy, which also serves the construction of a normative identity. The EU's response to the Arab uprisings serves to illustrate the argument, with the concept of ‘empire’ resolving the puzzle of seemingly inconsistent EU policies.

The Habsburg Empire: A New History

Abstract: In a panoramic and pioneering reappraisal, Pieter Judson shows why the Habsburg Empire mattered so much, for so long, to millions of Central Europeans. Across divides of language, religion, region, and history, ordinary women and men felt a common attachment to their empire, while bureaucrats, soldiers, politicians, and academics devised inventive solutions to the challenges of governing Europe s second largest state. In the decades before and after its dissolution, some observers belittled the Habsburg Empire as a dysfunctional patchwork of hostile ethnic groups and an anachronistic imperial relic. Judson examines their motives and explains just how wrong these rearguard critics were.Rejecting fragmented histories of nations in the making, this bold revision surveys the shared institutions that bridged difference and distance to bring stability and meaning to the far-flung empire. By supporting new schools, law courts, and railroads, along with scientific and artistic advances, the Habsburg monarchs sought to anchor their authority in the cultures and economies of Central Europe. A rising standard of living throughout the empire deepened the legitimacy of Habsburg rule, as citizens learned to use the empire s administrative machinery to their local advantage. Nationalists developed distinctive ideas about cultural difference in the context of imperial institutions, yet all of them claimed the Habsburg state as their empire.The empire s creative solutions to governing its many lands and peoples as well as the intractable problems it could not solve left an enduring imprint on its successor states in Central Europe. Its lessons remain no less important today."

Infrastructures of empire: towards a critical geopolitics of media and information studies:

Abstract: The Arab Uprisings of 2011 can be seen as a turning point for media and information studies scholars, many of whom newly discovered the region as a site for theories of digital media and social transformation. This work has argued that digital media technologies fuel or transform political change through new networked publics, new forms of connective action cultivating liberal democratic values. These works have, surprisingly, little to say about the United States and other Western colonial powers’ legacy of occupation, ongoing violence and strategic interests in the region. It is as if the Arab Spring was a vindication for the universal appeal of Western liberal democracy delivered through the gift of the Internet, social media as manifestation of the ‘technologies of freedom’ long promised by Cold War. We propose an alternate trajectory in terms of reorienting discussions of media and information infrastructures as embedded within the resurgence of idealized liberal democratic norms in the wake of the end of the Cold War. We look at the demise of the media and empire debates and ‘the rise of the BRICS’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) as modes of intra-imperial competition that complicate earlier Eurocentric narratives media and empire. We then outline the individual contributions for the special collection of essays.

The Ottoman Millet System: Non-Territorial Autonomy and its Contemporary Legacy

Abstract: Historians and social scientists view the Ottoman millet system as a successful example of non-territorial autonomy. The Ottoman rulers recognized the diversity of religious and ethnic communities that made up the empire and also understood that this diversity could not and should not be assimilated into an overarching principle of sameness. Instead, they organized a series of ad-hoc negotiations with the heads of religious communities, resulting in what became known as the millet system. Under these arrangements Jewish, Greek Orthodox and Armenian communities organized their existence in the empire and survived through a generalized system of imperial toleration and intense negotiation. This article describes the main features of the millet system, and looks at the legacy it bequeathed to certain successor states, notably Egypt, Israel, Lebanon and Turkey. It argues that this kind of non-territorial autonomy was best suited to the geographical dispersion of minorities, but also to the strategic g...

The slave South in the Far West: California, the Pacific, and proslavery visions of empire

Abstract: This dissertation rests on a relatively simple premise: America’s road to disunion ran west, and unless we account for the transcontinental and trans-Pacific ambitions of slaveholders, our understanding of the nation’s bloodiest conflict will remain incomplete. Whereas a number of important works have explored southern imperialism within the Atlantic Basin, surprisingly little has been written on the far western dimension of proslavery expansion. My work traces two interrelated initiatives – the southern campaign for a transcontinental railroad and the extension of a proslavery political order across the Far Southwest – in order to situate the struggle over slavery in a continental framework. Beginning in the 1840s and continuing to the eve of the Civil War, southern expansionists pushed tirelessly for a railway that would run from slave country all the way to California. What one railroad booster called “the great slavery road” promised to draw the Far West and the slaveholding South into a political and commercial embrace, while simultaneously providing the plantation economy with direct access to the Pacific trade. The failure of American expansionists to construct a transcontinental railroad during the antebellum era has discouraged close scholarly scrutiny of this political movement. Yet through their efforts, southern railroaders triggered some of the fiercest sectional struggles of the era, and carried the contest over slavery far beyond the Atlantic world. The second part of this dissertation reconstructs local political contests in Utah, New Mexico, Arizona and California to highlight the long reach of proslavery interests. Never a majority in the region, southern-born leaders wielded an outsized influence within western legislatures, courtrooms, and newspaper offices to effectively transform the Southwest into a political appendage of the slave South. With the fracturing of the Union in 1861, the project of southern expansion moved to the battlefields of a continental civil war, with several initially successful Confederate invasions of New Mexico. Even as the rebellion collapsed across the South, Confederate leaders continued to look west, authorizing yet another invasion of the region as late as the spring of 1865. The proslavery dream of a western empire almost outlived slavery itself. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group History First Advisor Steven Hahn

Russian Eurasianism, an ideology of empire

Abstract: Marlene Laruelle's excellent and detailed study of the intellectual Eurasianist movement which essentially promotes an ideology of Russian-Asian greatness first saw the light of day in 2008, the sa...

Representation and Consent: Why They Arose in Europe and Not Elsewhere

Abstract: Medieval Western Europeans developed two practices that are the bedrock of modern democracy: representative government and the consent of the governed. Why did this happen in Europe and not elsewhere? I ask what the literature has to say about this question, focusing on the role of political ideas, on economic development, and on warfare. I consider Europe in comparison with the Byzantine Empire, the Abbasid Caliphate, and Song Dynasty China. I argue that ultimately Europe's different path may have been an accident. It was produced by Western Europe's experience of outside invasion that replaced the Western Roman Empire with a set of small, fragmented polities in which rulers were relatively weak. Small size meant low transaction costs for maintaining assemblies. The relatively weak position of rulers meant that consent of the governed was necessary. I also suggest how these conclusions should influence our understanding of democracy today.

Race, empire, and English language teaching: creating responsible and ethical anti-racist practice

Abstract: In Race, Empire, and English Language Teaching, Suhanthie Motha draws from an extensive body of research on globalization, race, gender, and critical language studies to cogently upset traditional ...

Europe after Empire: Decolonization, Society, and Culture

Abstract: Europe after Empire is a pioneering comparative history of European decolonization from the formal ending of empires to the postcolonial European present. Elizabeth Buettner charts the long-term development of post-war decolonization processes as well as the histories of inward and return migration from former empires which followed. She shows that not only were former colonies remade as a result of the path to decolonization: so too was Western Europe, with imperial traces scattered throughout popular and elite cultures, consumer goods, religious life, political formations, and ideological terrains. People were also inwardly mobile, including not simply Europeans returning 'home' but Asians, Africans, West Indians, and others who made their way to Europe to forge new lives. The result is a Europe fundamentally transformed by multicultural diversity and cultural hybridity and by the destabilization of assumptions about race, culture, and the meanings of place, and where imperial legacies and memories live on.

The Economic History of China: From Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century

Abstract: China's extraordinary rise as an economic powerhouse in the past two decades poses a challenge to many long-held assumptions about the relationship between political institutions and economic development. Economic prosperity also was vitally important to the longevity of the Chinese Empire throughout the preindustrial era. Before the eighteenth century, China's economy shared some of the features, such as highly productive agriculture and sophisticated markets, found in the most advanced regions of Europe. But in many respects, from the central importance of irrigated rice farming to family structure, property rights, the status of merchants, the monetary system, and the imperial state's fiscal and economic policies, China's preindustrial economy diverged from the Western path of development. In this comprehensive but accessible study, Richard von Glahn examines the institutional foundations, continuities and discontinuities in China's economic development over three millennia, from the Bronze Age to the early twentieth century.

New destinations of empire: Imperial migration from the Marshall Islands to Northwest Arkansas

Abstract: This dissertation examines Marshall Islander migration to Arkansas as an outcome of an international agreement, the Compact of Free Association, between the U.S. and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), a former U.S. territory. While the Compact marked the formal end of U.S. colonial administration over the islands, it also re-entrenched imperial power relations between the two countries, at once consolidating U.S. military access to the islands and creating a Marshallese diaspora whose largest resettlement site is now Springdale, Arkansas. As a result, Springdale, an “allwhite town” for much of the 20 century, has recently been remade by Marshallese and also Latino immigration, nearly tripling in size in the past three decades. I examine U.S. empire through three interrelated lenses: through an imperial policy, the Compact of Free Association (COFA); through an imperial diaspora, the Marshallese diaspora; and through the town of Springdale, Arkansas, a new immigrant destination for Marshall Islanders, which I argue has become a new destination of empire. These three lenses reveal how empire’s interrelated workings—migration, militarization, racialization, labor, detention, capitalism, and the law, among others—inform one another to uphold U.S. imperial power and how U.S. empire both engenders and constrains mobility for its subjects. I argue that COFA status, the visa-free immigration status granted to Marshallese immigrants, is a type of imperial citizenship and that its partial, contingent, and revocable character produces precarity for those who hold it, placing them alongside other groups of imperial citizens from U.S. nonsovereign territories. Due to a lack of awareness of U.S. empire, however, long-term residents in new destinations of empire like Springdale are unable to comprehend Marshall Islanders as imperial citizens. Instead, their interpretations of Marshall Islanders’ presence are woven back into dominant narratives of U.S. exceptionalism. Such interpretations of why COFA status exists exemplify and perpetuate an occlusion of U.S. empire. In Springdale, in other words, the refrain—‘We are here because you were there’, commonly used to explain the presence of imperial migrants elsewhere— was never heard and, thus, never placed in the context of empire. NEW DESTINATIONS OF EMPIRE: IMPERIAL MIGRATION FROM THE MARSHALL ISLANDS TO NORTHWEST ARKANSAS

Royal tourists, colonial subjects and the making of a British world, 1860–1911

Abstract: Prologue Introduction 1. British royals at home with empire 2. Naturalising British rule 3. Building new Jerusalems: global Britishness and settler cultures in South Africa and New Zealand 4. 'Positively cosmopolitan': Britishness, respectability, and imperial citizenship 5. The empire comes home: colonial subjects and the appeal for imperial justice Postscript and conclusion Bibliography Index

Bioinsecurities: Disease Interventions, Empire, and the Government of Species

Abstract: In Bioinsecurities Neel Ahuja argues that U.S. imperial expansion has been shaped by the attempts of health and military officials to control the interactions of humans, animals, viruses, and bacteria at the borders of U.S. influence, a phenomenon called the government of species. The book explores efforts to control the spread of Hansen's disease, venereal disease, polio, smallpox, and HIV through interventions linking the continental United States to Hawai'i, Panama, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Congo, Iraq, and India in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Ahuja argues that racial fears of contagion helped to produce public optimism concerning state uses of pharmaceuticals, medical experimentation, military intervention, and incarceration to regulate the immune capacities of the body. In the process, the security state made the biological structures of human and animal populations into sites of struggle in the politics of empire, unleashing new patient activisms and forms of resistance to medical and military authority across the increasingly global sphere of U.S. influence.

Violence in Late Antiquity : Perceptions and Practices

Abstract: Contents: List of figures List of tables List of contributors List of abbreviations Acknowledgments Introduction: Gauging violence in late antiquity, H.A. Drake. Part I Assessing Violence in Late Antiquity: Perceptions of barbarian violence, Walter Pohl Violent behavior and the construction of barbarian identity in late antiquity, Ralph Mathisen Violence in the barbarian successor kingdoms, Wolf Liebeschuetz Justifiably outraged or simply outrageous? The Isaurian incident of Ammianus Marcellinus 14.2, Linda Honey The inn as a place of violence and danger in rabbinic literature, Tziona Grossmark A question of faith? Persecution and political centralization in the Sasanian empire of Yazdgard II (438-457 CE), Scott McDonough. Part II Legitimate Violence: Violence, victims and the legal tradition in late antiquity, Jill Harries Violence in the process of arrest and imprisonment in late antique Egypt, Sofia Torallas Tovar Coercion, resistance and 'the command economy' in late Roman Aperlae, Bill Leadbetter Making late Roman taxpayers pay: imperial government strategies and practice, Hartmut Ziche Desires of the hangman: Augustine on legitimized violence, Gillian Clark Violence, purification and mercy in the late antique afterlife, Isabel Moreira Exiled bishops in the Christian empire: victims of imperial violence?, Eric Fournier Reasoned violence and shifty frontiers: shared victory in the late Roman East, Thomas Sizgorich. Part III Violence and Rhetoric: Bad boys: circumcellions and fictive violence, Brent D. Shaw Teaching violence in the schools of rhetoric, Janet Davis Doing violence to the image of an empress: the destruction of Eudoxias reputation, Wendy Mayer The Thessalonian affair in the fifth-century histories, Daniel Washburn 'Kill all the dogs!' or 'Apollonius says!': two stories against punitive violence, Jacqueline Long Epiphanius of Cyprus and the geography of heresy, Young Kim Cyclic violence and the poetics of negotiation in pre-Islamic Arabia, Clarissa Burt. Part IV Religious Violence: Rethinking Pagan-Christian violence, Michele Salzman Bookburning in the Christian Roman empire: Transforming a Pagan rife of purification, Daniel Sarefield Christianizing the rural communities of late Roman Africa: a process of coercion or persuasion?, David Riggs Hellenic heritage and Christian challenge: conflict over panhellenic sanctuaries in late antiquity, Amelia Brown Embodied theologies: Christian identity and violence in Alexandria in the early Arian controversy, Carlos Galvao-Sobrinho The murder of Hypatia: acceptable or unacceptable violence?, Edward Watts Conclusion: Violence in late antiquity reconsidered, Martin Zimmermann. Bibliography Index.

The Civilizing Sea: The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870

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The prospect of global history

Abstract: Part I 1: James Belich, John Darwin, Chris Wickham: Introduction 2: Jurgen Osterhammel: Global History and Historical Sociology 3: Kevin O'Rourke: The Economist and Global History Part II 4: Nicholas Purcell: Unnecessary Dependences: Illustrating Circulation in Pre-Modern Large-Scale History 5: Robert I. Moore: A Global Middle Ages? 6: James Belich: The Black Death and European Expansion 7: Matthew W. Mosca: The Qing Empire and Early Modern Global History Part III 8: Francis Robinson: Global History from an Islamic Angle 9: Anthony G. Hopkins: The Real American Empire 10: Linda Colley: Writing Constitutions and Writing World History 11: John Darwin: Afterword

Performance, Memory, and Processions in Ancient Rome: The Pompa Circensis from the Late Republic to Late Antiquity

Abstract: The pompa circensis, the procession which preceded the chariot races in the arena, was both a prominent political pageant and a hallowed religious ritual. Traversing a landscape of memory, the procession wove together spaces and institutions, monuments and performers, gods and humans into an image of the city, whose contours shifted as Rome changed. In the late Republic, the parade produced an image of Rome as the senate and the people with their gods - a deeply traditional symbol of the city which was transformed during the empire when an imperial image was built on top of the republican one. In late antiquity, the procession fashioned a multiplicity of Romes: imperial, traditional, and Christian. In this book, Jacob A. Latham explores the webs of symbolic meanings in the play between performance and itinerary, tracing the transformations of the circus procession from the late Republic to late antiquity.

The beds of empire: Power and profit at the pearl fisheries of South India and Sri Lanka, c.1770-1840

Abstract: The Gulf of Mannar—the shallow body of water between present-day India and Sri Lanka—was one of the largest sources of natural pearls in the world for at least two millennia. This dissertation focuses on a relatively brief period during which managerial control over the human and natural resources of the pearling industry transferred from Dutch to British powers. The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries also witnessed a shift in political economic thought, as classical liberalism dislodged mercantilism as the prevailing framework for interpreting the relationship between the state and economy. The Company and Crown governments brought an assemblage of ideas to bear on the management and governance of people and oysters that sought to not only increase productivity but also fundamentally reshape the social, economic, and political foundations of the pearling industry. However, the attempt by British officials to extricate local networks and institutions from pearling operations was fraught with contradictions and seldom delivered on the promise of reform. Through an examination of key targets of government intervention—labor, markets, merchants, sovereignty, and corruption—this dissertation explores the interstices between success and failure and tracks such developments through the evolving contexts of colonialism and imperialism in India and Sri Lanka. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group South Asia Regional Studies First Advisor Daud Ali

Shaping the Empire : agrimensores, emperors and the creation of the Roman provincial identities

Abstract: From the time of Augustus, the Roman agrimensores or land surveyors provided an important connection between those who administrated the Empire on the one hand, and the territories and peoples they controlled on the other. This work is an investigation into the surveyors’ use of the cultural capital of Roman society to fashion their own identity as experts in the organisation and regulation of land, and their influence on the shape of discourse about Empire. The study focuses on four questions: 1) What was the nature of the relationship between the agrimensores or surveyors and the Roman provincial administration? 2) What was the nature of the relationship between the agrimensores and the people of the Empire whose lands they surveyed? An emphasis will be placed on the population of Italy and the Roman provinces away from the city of Rome itself. 3) How did the surveyors validate their activities as technical specialists, and under what circumstances did the agrimensores undertake surveying work? The thesis will focus on practical and theoretical practices implemented by surveyors in the field to structure the discourse between land-holders and administrators. The topics of boundary disputes and the issue of whether or not the agrimensores were involved in the collection of cartographic information will also be considered here. 4) How and to what extent did the activities of the surveyors influence the provincial populations’ understanding of the Empire by shaping their experience of the imperial administration? Shaping the Roman Empire (VOL. 1) 3 ̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄̅ ̄

Imperial Ideals in the Roman West: Representation, Circulation, Power

Abstract: 1. Introduction Part I. Representation: Introduction to Part I: representation 2. Values and virtues: the ethical profile of the emperor 3. The benefits of empire and monarchy Part II. Circulation: Introduction to Part II: circulation 4. The diffusion of imperial ideals in time and space 5. Central communication and local response Part III. Power: 6. Ideological unification and social power in the Roman west Appendices 1-15.

A Mission To Civilize The Republican Idea Of Empire In France And West Africa 1895 1930

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