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Empirical modelling

About: Empirical modelling is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1012 publications have been published within this topic receiving 23311 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of empirical models of strategic interaction among governments and discuss how the empirical frameworks fit into two broad categories: spillover models and resource-flow models.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of empirical models of strategic interaction among governments. To clarify the theoretical roots of such studies, the discussion shows how the empirical frameworks fit into two broad categories: spillover models and resource-flow models. Both types of models generate jurisdictional reaction functions, and the empirical task is to estimate such functions. When the estimated reaction-function slope is nonzero, the presence of strategic interaction is confirmed. The second part of the article reviews three econometric issues relevant to this estimation problem.

1,028 citations

Book
01 Jan 1990

914 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reconcile two long-standing theories of stomatal conductance, i.e., the theoretical argument that stomata should act to minimize the amount of water used per unit carbon gained, and the empirical approach, which is most commonly used in vegetation models, is phenomenological, based on experimental observations of Stomatal behaviour in response to environmental conditions.
Abstract: Models of vegetation function are widely used to predict the effects of climate change on carbon, water and nutrient cycles of terrestrial ecosystems, and their feedbacks to climate. Stomatal conductance, the process that governs plant water use and carbon uptake, is fundamental to such models. In this paper, we reconcile two long-standing theories of stomatal conductance. The empirical approach, which is most commonly used in vegetation models, is phenomenological, based on experimental observations of stomatal behaviour in response to environmental conditions. The optimal approach is based on the theoretical argument that stomata should act to minimize the amount of water used per unit carbon gained. We reconcile these two approaches by showing that the theory of optimal stomatal conductance can be used to derive a model of stomatal conductance that is closely analogous to the empirical models. Consequently, we obtain a unified stomatal model which has a similar form to existing empirical models, but which now provides a theoretical interpretation for model parameter values. The key model parameter, g1 ,i s predicted to increase with growth temperature and with the marginal water cost of carbon gain. The new model is fitted to a range of datasets ranging from tropical to boreal trees. The parameter g1 is shown to vary with growth temperature, as predicted, and also with plant functional type. The model is shown to correctly capture responses of stomatal conductance to changing atmospheric CO2, and thus can be used to test for stomatal acclimation to elevated CO2. The reconciliation of the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal conductance is important for global change biology because it provides a simple theoretical framework for analyzing, and simulating, the coupling between carbon and water cycles under environmental change.

845 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent approaches to the monitoring and modelling of deforestation and dryland degradation in tropical regions is presented, highlighting the requirement to tailor the investigation method to the specific research question of interest.
Abstract: Transformations in terrestrial ecosystems are increasingly regarded as an important element of global change. Quantitative data on where, when and why land-cover changes take place globally are still incomplete. This article reviews recent approaches to the monitoring and modelling of deforestation and dryland degradation in tropical regions. The review highlights the requirement to tailor the investigation method to the specific research question of interest. Different techniques to monitor land-cover changes at regional scales are analysed. The following modelling scenarios are discussed and illustrated by specific studies: projection of future land-cover changes with descriptive models, explanation of land-cover changes with empirical models, projection of future spatial patterns of changes with spatial statistical models, test of scenarios on future changes in land-cover with dynamic ecosystem models, and design of policy interventions with economic models. The article stresses the needs for a better integration of social science knowledge in land-cover change models and for a comprehensive theory of land-use changes.

589 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider a set of specific concepts relevant to empirical model formulation (e.g. innovations for past data, exogeneity for present, encompassing for contending models, etc.) and various properties of such concepts are established.

522 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202374
2022160
202146
202051
201943
201851