scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Empirical research published in 2001"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a 19-item measure, PERVAL, that can be used to assess customers' perceptions of the value of a consumer durable good at a brand level.

4,906 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors find that the service quality construct conforms to the structure of a third-order factor model that ties service quality perceptions to distinct and actionable dimensions: outcome, interaction, and environmental quality.
Abstract: Through qualitative and empirical research, the authors find that the service quality construct conforms to the structure of a third-order factor model that ties service quality perceptions to distinct and actionable dimensions: outcome, interaction, and environmental quality. In turn, each has three subdimensions that define the basis of service quality perceptions. The authors further suggest that for each of these subdimensions to contribute to improved service quality perceptions, the quality received by consumers must be perceived to be reliable, responsive, and empathetic. The authors test and support this conceptualization across four service industries. They consider the research and managerial implications of the study and its limitations.

3,309 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore two fundamentally different models that describe how trust might have positive effects on attitudes, perceptions, behaviors, and performance outcomes within organizational settings, and discuss the conditions under which each of the models is most likely to be applicable.
Abstract: Numerous researchers from various disciplines seem to agree that trust has a number of important benefits for organizations, although they have not necessarily come to agreement on how these benefits occur. In this article, we explore two fundamentally different models that describe how trust might have positive effects on attitudes, perceptions, behaviors, and performance outcomes within organizational settings. In the first section of the article, we examine the model that has dominated the literature: Trust results in direct (main) effects on a variety of outcomes. In the second section of the article we develop an alternative model: Trust facilitates or hinders (i.e., moderates) the effects of other determinants on attitudinal, perceptual, behavioral and performance outcomes via two distinct perceptual processes. Lastly, we discuss the conditions under which each of the models is most likely to be applicable. The theory is supplemented with a review of empirical studies spanning 40 years regarding the consequences of trust in organizational settings. The theoretical framework presented in this article provides insight into the processes through which trust affects organizational outcomes, provides guidance to researchers for more accurately assessing the impact of trust, provides a framework for better understanding past research on the consequences of trust, and suggests ways that organizational settings can be modified to capitalize on high levels of trust or mitigate the effects of low levels of trust.

2,116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviewed empirical research on the relation between capital markets and financial statements and found that the principal sources of demand for capital markets research in accounting are fundamental analysis and valuation, tests of market efficiency, and the role of accounting numbers in contracts and the political process.

1,873 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This chapter reviews the training research literature reported over the past decade and suggests that advancements have been made that help to understand better the design and delivery of training in organizations with respect to theory development as well as the quality and quantity of empirical research.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract This chapter reviews the training research literature reported over the past decade. We describe the progress in five areas of research including training theory, training needs analysis, antecedent training conditions, training methods and strategies, and posttraining conditions. Our review suggests that advancements have been made that help us understand better the design and delivery of training in organizations, with respect to theory development as well as the quality and quantity of empirical research. We have new tools for analyzing requisite knowledge and skills, and for evaluating training. We know more about factors that influence training effectiveness and transfer of training. Finally, we challenge researchers to find better ways to translate the results of training research into practice.

1,644 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that management support and resources help to address organizational issues that arise during warehouse implementations; resources, user participation, and highly-skilled project team members increase the likelihood that warehousing projects will finish on-time, on-budget, with the right functionality; and diverse, unstandardized source systems and poor development technology will increase the technical issues that project teams must overcome.
Abstract: The IT implementation literature suggests that various implementation factors play critical roles in the success of an information system; however, there is little empirical research about the implementation of data warehousing projects. Data warehousing has unique characteristics that may impact the importance of factors that apply to it. In this study, a cross-sectional survey investigated a model of data warehousing success. Data warehousing managers and data suppliers from 111 organizations completed paired mail questionnaires on implementation factors and the success of the warehouse. The results from a Partial Least Squares analysis of the data identified significant relationships between the system quality and data quality factors and perceived net benefits. It was found that management support and resources help to address organizational issues that arise during warehouse implementations; resources, user participation, and highly-skilled project team members increase the likelihood that warehousing projects will finish on-time, on-budget, with the right functionality; and diverse, unstandardized source systems and poor development technology will increase the technical issues that project teams must overcome. The implementation's success with organizational and project issues, in turn, influence the system quality of the data warehouse; however, data quality is best explained by factors not included in the research model.

1,579 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that research results will be richer and more reliable if different research methods, preferably from different (existing) paradigms, are routinely combined together.
Abstract: This paper puts forward arguments in favor of a pluralist approach to IS research. Rather than advocating a single paradigm, be it interpretive or positivist, or even a plurality of paradigms within the discipline as a whole, it suggests that research results will be richer and more reliable if different research methods, preferably from different (existing) paradigms, are routinely combined together. The paper is organized into three sections after the Introduction. In §2, the main arguments for the desirability of multimethod research are put forward, while §3 discusses its feasibility in theory and practice. §4 outlines two frameworks that are helpful in designing mixed-method research studies. These are illustrated with a critical evaluation of three examples of empirical research.

1,544 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors reviewed research from the 1990s that examines the determinants and consequences of accounting choice, structuring their analysis around the three types of market imperfections that influence managers? choices: agency costs, information asymmetries, and externalities affecting non-contracting parties.
Abstract: We review research from the 1990s that examines the determinants and consequences of accounting choice, structuring our analysis around the three types of market imperfections that influence managers? choices: agency costs, information asymmetries, and externalities affecting noncontracting parties. We conclude that research in the 1990s made limited progress in expanding our understanding of accounting choice because of limitations in research design and a focus on replication rather than extension of current knowledge. We discuss opportunities for future research, recommending the exploration of the economic implications of accounting choice by addressing the three different reasons why accounting matters.

1,274 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors reviewed research from the 1990s that examines the determinants and consequences of accounting choice, structuring their analysis around the three types of market imperfections that influence managers' choices: agency costs, information asymmetries, and externalities affecting non-contracting parties.

1,233 citations


Proceedings Article
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate an extension of TAM to explain the individual acceptance and usage of websites and examine perceived ease-of-use, usefulness, enjoyment, and their impact on attitude towards using, intention to use and actual use.
Abstract: In this paper, we empirically investigate an extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain the individual acceptance and usage of websites. Conceptually, we examine perceived ease-of-use, usefulness, enjoyment, and their impact on attitude towards using, intention to use and actual use. The paper also introduces a new construct, "perceived visual attractiveness" of the website and demonstrates that it influences usefulness, enjoyment, and ease-of-use. For our empirical research we partnered with a Dutch generic portal site with over 300,000 subscribers at the time the research was conducted. The websurvey resulted in a sample size of 828 respondents. The results confirmed all of the 12 hypotheses formulated.

1,225 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A formal definition and conceptual model of trust is presented, with a review of the extent to which this model has been confirmed by empirical studies.
Abstract: Despite the profound and pervasive importance of trust in medical settings, there is no commonly shared understanding of what trust means, and little is known about what difference trust actually makes, what factors affect trust, and how trust relates to other similar attitudes and behaviors. To address this gap in understanding, the emerging theoretical, empirical, and public policy literature on trust in physicians and in medical institutions is reviewed and synthesized. Based on this review and additional research and analysis, a formal definition and conceptual model of trust is presented, with a review of the extent to which this model has been confirmed by empirical studies. This conceptual and empirical understanding has significance for ethics, law, and public policy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make an attempt to stimulate theoretical thinking and empirical research in the domain of L2 vocabulary learning by introducing a construct of involvement with motivational and cognitive dimensions: Need, Search, and Evaluation.
Abstract: The paper makes an attempt to stimulate theoretical thinking and empirical research in the domain of L2 vocabulary learning by introducing a construct of involvement with motivational and cognitive dimensions: Need, Search, and Evaluation. Retention of hitherto unfamiliar words is claimed to be conditional upon the amount of involvement while processing these words. Involvement is operationalised by tasks designed to vary in the degree of need, search, and evaluation. The paper reviews a number of constructs that are currently debated and investigated in the literature on cognitive and motivational aspects of L2 learning. It also re-examines the existing empirical literature on task effect in the light of the proposed construct of task-induced involvement, stresses the need for deepening and broadening the construct, and discusses possibilities it offers for research on vocabulary learning.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors analyzed 652 U.S. manufacturing firms over the time period 1987-1996 and found evidence of an association between lower pollution and higher financial valuation, finding that a firm's fixed characteristics and strategic position might cause this association.
Abstract: Summary Previous empirical work suggests that firms with high environmental performance tend to be profitable, but questions persist about the nature of the relationship. Does stronger environmental performance really lead to better financial performance, or is the observed relationship the outcome of some other underlying firm attribute? Does it pay to have cleanrunning facilities or to have facilities in relatively clean industries? To explore these questions, we analyze 652 U.S. manufacturing firms over the time period 1987–1996. Although we find evidence of an association between lower pollution and higher financial valuation, we find that a firm's fixed characteristics and strategic position might cause this association. Our findings suggest that “When does it pay to be green?” may be a more important question than “Does it pay to be green?”

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors applied a value-based management framework to critically review empirical research in managerial accounting and place the exceptionally diverse set of managerial accounting studies from the past several decades into an integrated structure, highlighting the many consistent results in prior research, identifying remaining gaps and inconsistencies, and discussing common methodological and econometric problems.
Abstract: This paper applies a value-based management framework to critically review empirical research in managerial accounting. This framework enables us to place the exceptionally diverse set of managerial accounting studies from the past several decades into an integrated structure. Our synthesis highlights the many consistent results in prior research, identifies remaining gaps and inconsistencies, discusses common methodological and econometric problems, and suggests fruitful avenues for future managerial accounting research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define entrepreneurship as the dialogic between individual and new value creation, within an ongoing process and within an environment that has specific characteristics, emphasizing the fact that we will not understand the phenomenon of entrepreneurship if we do not consider the individual (the entrepreneur), the project, the environment and also the links between them over time.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide reflections on the study of the determinants of voluntary turnover based on empirical research conducted since 1972 at the University of Iowa (Iowa City) by Price, Mueller and their colleagues.
Abstract: Offers reflections on the study of the determinants of voluntary turnover based on empirical research conducted since 1972 at the University of Iowa (Iowa City) by Price, Mueller and their colleagues. The largest share of this research is constituted by 33 studies, mostly theses and dissertations. Reflections are offered about the causal model used and the measures advanced. Alternative models of voluntary turnover are described and possible future research is indicated. A measurement Appendix is also presented. The purpose of the paper is to improve the explanation of voluntary turnover.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors developed a framework that delineates the relationships among team knowledge constructs and enriched the theoretical understanding of team mental models and broadened the empirical research base by adopting a cross-disciplinary focus and incorporating related team knowledge domains from other literatures.
Abstract: Because research on team mental models is still in its formative stages, there is a need for continued conceptual development of the construct and direct empirical support linking team mental models to team outcomes. Researchers in other fields have developed concepts that are distinct from, but clearly related to team mental models, including information sharing, transactive memory, group learning, and cognitive consensus. Although these research streams currently exist in parallel with little cross-fertilization, there is much to be gained from integration across disciplinary boundaries. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to enrich the theoretical understanding of team mental models and to broaden the empirical research base by adopting a cross-disciplinary focus and incorporating related team knowledge domains from other literatures. Based on a synthesis of various literatures, we develop a framework that delineates the relationships among team knowledge constructs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors applied a value-based management framework to critically review empirical research in managerial accounting and place the exceptionally diverse set of managerial accounting studies from the past several decades into an integrated structure, highlighting the many consistent results in prior research, identifying remaining gaps and inconsistencies, and discussing common methodological and econometric problems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review progress made towards a general theory of the traveller's valuation of travel time reliability, and give some indication of recent empirical research in this area, bringing together a large number of theoretical and empirical results, many of which are only partly in the public domain.
Abstract: The paper reviews progress made towards a general theory of the traveller's valuation of travel time reliability, and give some indication of recent empirical research in this area. In the progress it brings together a large number of theoretical and empirical results, many of which are only partly in the public domain. Key theoretical results relating to the highway mode are discussed, and expanded to take in the additional complexity of scheduled public transport services. The paper also deals with the problems of collecting empirical data, and describes a recent study carried out by the authors in the context of rail travel, showing how valuations can be derived.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrative empirical study supports the theoretical argument that corporate social performance (CSP) and financial performance can be correlated, based on earlier work on the relationship between CSP and a firm's financial performance.
Abstract: Building on earlier work on the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and a firm’s financial performance, this integrative empirical study supports the theoretical argument that t...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present empirical support for nine related logistics service quality constructs and demonstrate their unidimensionality, validity, and reliability across four customer segments of a large logistics organization.
Abstract: Logistics excellence has become a powerful source of competitive differentiation within diverse marketing offerings of world-class firms. Although researchers have suggested that logistics competencies complement marketing efforts, empirical evidence is lacking on what logistics service quality means to customers and whether it has different meanings for separate customer segments. The authors present empirical support for nine related logistics service quality constructs; demonstrate their unidimensionality, validity, and reliability across four customer segments of a large logistics organization; and provide empirical support for a logistics service quality process. Although structural equation modeling offers support for the logistics service quality process across customer segments, the authors find that the relative parameter estimates differ for each segment, which suggests that firms ought to customize their logistics services by customer segments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take the supplier's perspective and conceptualize value creation as a set of direct and indirect functions of customer relationships, characterized with respect to performed activities and employed resources of a customer firm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Constructivism as mentioned in this paper is an approach to social analysis that deals with the role of human consciousness in social life, and it asserts that human interaction is shaped primarily by ideational factors, not simply material ones.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Constructivism is an approach to social analysis that deals with the role of human consciousness in social life. It asserts that human interaction is shaped primarily by ideational factors, not simply material ones; that the most important ideational factors are widely shared or “intersubjective” beliefs, which are not reducible to individuals; and that these shared beliefs construct the interests of purposive actors. In international relations, research in a constructivist mode has exploded over the past decade, creating new and potentially fruitful connections with long-standing interest in these issues in comparative politics. In this essay, we evaluate the empirical research program of constructivism in these two fields. We first lay out the basic tenets of constructivism and examine their implications for research methodology, concluding that constructivism's distinctiveness lies in its theoretical arguments, not in its empirical research strategies. The bulk of the essay explores specific...

Journal ArticleDOI
T. D. Stanley1
TL;DR: In this article, meta-regression analysis is used to assess the evidence for Ricardian equivalence, and its findings are contrasted to those of conventional narrative review, establishing a platform from which to distinguish genuine empirical effect from the exploitable specification error that infests applied econometrics.
Abstract: This paper presents and develops a quantitative method of literature reviewing and evaluating empirical research, meta-regression analysis or MRA. Economics is theory-driven. Yet, we must learn empirically if economics is to advance. MRA offers a more objective statistical method to summarize our empirical knowledge and to explain the wide study-to-study variation in economic research. MRA is used to assess the evidence for Ricardian equivalence, and its findings are contrasted to those of conventional narrative review. Furthermore, MRA establishes a platform from which to distinguish genuine empirical effect from the exploitable specification error that infests applied econometrics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the factors that affect the utilization of performance measurement, based on the results of a national survey of state and local government officials, and found that policy adoption is driven more heavily by factors from rational and technocratic theory, whereas actual implementation is influenced by factors addressed by political and cultural considerations.
Abstract: Despite its appeal for improving government, many state and local governments have not developed performance-measurement systems, and even fewer use these systems to improve decision making. This study examines the factors that affect the utilization of performance measurement, based on the results of a national survey of state and local government officials. The goals of the study were to provide better information on the patterns of usage of performance measurement and to use this information to develop an elaborated model of the factors presumed to affect utilization. Using distinctions from the policy and evaluation literature, hypotheses were tested and confirmed: Policy adoption is driven more heavily by factors from rational and technocratic theory, whereas actual implementation is influenced by factors addressed by political and cultural considerations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest an analytical framework for the understanding of what makes places meaningful, and suggest that the results of empirical studies need not be limited to special places, but may also contribute to more general empirical and theoretical discussions regarding the roles and meanings of place in contemporary society.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the nature and quality of the evidence generated by the work in this area and argue that efforts to address such shortcomings need to be informed by a thorough and grounded understanding of what studies have, and have not, been undertaken on students and learning, and what is known, and not known, from t...
Abstract: Recent analyses of the field of environmental education research have highlighted its rapidly expanding size and increasingly diverse nature (e.g. Hart & Nolan, 1999). This article reports on a review of a particular part of this field - namely, recent empirical studies of learners and learning in primary or secondary school environmental education. The review focuses specifically on the nature and quality of the evidence generated by the work in this area. The concern with evidence is motivated by the tendency of previous reviews to focus on methodological trends more than research findings. Claims have also been made that environmental education theory and research have overlooked 'the children who are the subjects of environmental education' (Payne, 1998a, p. 20). This review contends that efforts to address such shortcomings need to be informed by a thorough and grounded understanding of what studies have, and have not, been undertaken on students and learning, and what is known, and not known, from t...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the term tacit knowledge and propose to redefine it, within the context of the resource-based view of the firm, as tacit skills, a methodology (based on causal mapping, self-Q and storytelling) for empirically researching the subject is outlined.
Abstract: With the emergence of the resource-based view of the firm and of the concept of core competencies, intangible resources, and tacit knowledge in particular have been argued to occupy a central place in the development of sustainable competitive advantage. This is because tacit knowledge is argued to be difficult to imitate, to substitute, to transfer and it is rare. However, there is little empirical research to support this theoretical proposition. Tacit knowledge has so far resisted operationalization. This paper sets out to define the term tacit knowledge and proposes to redefine it, within the context of the resource-based view of the firm, as tacit skills. A methodology (based on causal mapping, self-Q and storytelling) for empirically researching the subject is outlined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A contingency framework is developed, including two attributes of the organizational subunit's tasks: process or content orientation, and focused or broad domain, and links knowledge management processes to them, finding that combination and externalization, but not internalization and socialization, affect knowledge satisfaction.
Abstract: Prior research examines several knowledge management processes, considering each as universally appropriate. Instead, we propose that the context influences the suitability of a knowledge management process. We develop a contingency framework, including two attributes of the organizational subunit's tasks: process or content orientation, and focused or broad domain, and links knowledge management processes to them: internalization for focused, process-oriented tasks; externalization for focused, content-oriented tasks; combination for broad, content-oriented tasks; and socialization for broad, process-oriented tasks. The empirical research was done at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), based on several interviews and survey data from 159 individuals across 8 subunits. The results supported the contingency framework. All the knowledge management processes except externalization had a positive impact in the expected cell. At the overall level, combination and externalization, but not internalization and socialization, affect knowledge satisfaction. Some implications for practice and research are identified.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Castanias and Helfat present an expanded classification of managerial resources, elaborate on how this classification relates to the fundamental resource-based characteristics of value, scarcity, inimitability and difficulty of substitution, and highlight the issue of appropriability of rents from managerial resources.