Showing papers on "Empirical research published in 2022"
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TL;DR: This article conducted a systematic review of four databases to identify studies empirically assessing sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research, supplemented by searching citing articles and reference lists, and identified 23 articles that used empirical data or statistical modeling to assess saturation.
Abstract: To review empirical studies that assess saturation in qualitative research in order to identify sample sizes for saturation, strategies used to assess saturation, and guidance we can draw from these studies.We conducted a systematic review of four databases to identify studies empirically assessing sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research, supplemented by searching citing articles and reference lists.We identified 23 articles that used empirical data (n = 17) or statistical modeling (n = 6) to assess saturation. Studies using empirical data reached saturation within a narrow range of interviews (9-17) or focus group discussions (4-8), particularly those with relatively homogenous study populations and narrowly defined objectives. Most studies had a relatively homogenous study population and assessed code saturation; the few outliers (e.g., multi-country research, meta-themes, "code meaning" saturation) needed larger samples for saturation.Despite varied research topics and approaches to assessing saturation, studies converged on a relatively consistent sample size for saturation for commonly used qualitative research methods. However, these findings apply to certain types of studies (e.g., those with homogenous study populations). These results provide strong empirical guidance on effective sample sizes for qualitative research, which can be used in conjunction with the characteristics of individual studies to estimate an appropriate sample size prior to data collection. This synthesis also provides an important resource for researchers, academic journals, journal reviewers, ethical review boards, and funding agencies to facilitate greater transparency in justifying and reporting sample sizes in qualitative research. Future empirical research is needed to explore how various parameters affect sample sizes for saturation.
404 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors review four prominent theoretical approaches to consciousness: higher-order theories, global workspace theories, re-entry and predictive processing theories and integrated information theory, and identify the key characteristics of each approach by identifying which aspects of consciousness they propose to explain, what their neurobiological commitments are and what empirical data are adduced in their support.
Abstract: Recent years have seen a blossoming of theories about the biological and physical basis of consciousness. Good theories guide empirical research, allowing us to interpret data, develop new experimental techniques and expand our capacity to manipulate the phenomenon of interest. Indeed, it is only when couched in terms of a theory that empirical discoveries can ultimately deliver a satisfying understanding of a phenomenon. However, in the case of consciousness, it is unclear how current theories relate to each other, or whether they can be empirically distinguished. To clarify this complicated landscape, we review four prominent theoretical approaches to consciousness: higher-order theories, global workspace theories, re-entry and predictive processing theories and integrated information theory. We describe the key characteristics of each approach by identifying which aspects of consciousness they propose to explain, what their neurobiological commitments are and what empirical data are adduced in their support. We consider how some prominent empirical debates might distinguish among these theories, and we outline three ways in which theories need to be developed to deliver a mature regimen of theory-testing in the neuroscience of consciousness. There are good reasons to think that the iterative development, testing and comparison of theories of consciousness will lead to a deeper understanding of this most profound of mysteries.
80 citations
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the 79 articles on leadership styles in the hospitality context spanning over 13 years (2008-2020) and extending the scope in distinctive means is presented in this article .
Abstract:
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of leadership styles in the hospitality industry. It also demonstrates theories used in hospitality leadership styles research, identifies the main outcomes and highlights gaps for future research.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the 79 articles on leadership styles in the hospitality context spanning over 13 years (2008–2020) and extends the scope in distinctive means.
Findings
This review has demonstrated that leadership styles research in hospitality has made progress in the past 13 years; however, there are conceptual and empirical overlaps among different leadership styles in hospitality. There is a lack of research on antecedents and integrating theories in studies. This review has revealed that several leadership styles have not been rigorously examined in hospitality research with their outcomes.
Research limitations/implications
The search strategy used to find articles published in Web of Science about leadership styles in hospitality was restricted to title to boost the accuracy of the subsequent literature.
Practical implications
By following the guidance presented in this review, the authors expect to advance and maintain hospitality leadership research to provide substantive insights into the context of hospitality leadership over the coming years.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to undertake a comprehensive understanding of various leadership styles in the hospitality context. This study provides a comprehensive projected research agenda to demonstrate theoretical discourses and empirical research. Overall, this critical review presents a holistic idea of the focus of the prior studies and what should be highlighted in future studies.
60 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a systematic review of the evolution and structure of empirical research on customer experience in hospitality and/or tourism settings based on 1248 articles published in 13 leading hospitality and tourism journals between January 1998 and May 2021.
57 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures.
Abstract: Abstract In this paper, we present a review of how the various aspects of any study using an eye tracker (such as the instrument, methodology, environment, participant, etc.) affect the quality of the recorded eye-tracking data and the obtained eye-movement and gaze measures. We take this review to represent the empirical foundation for reporting guidelines of any study involving an eye tracker. We compare this empirical foundation to five existing reporting guidelines and to a database of 207 published eye-tracking studies. We find that reporting guidelines vary substantially and do not match with actual reporting practices. We end by deriving a minimal, flexible reporting guideline based on empirical research (Section “An empirically based minimal reporting guideline”).
53 citations
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11 Feb 2022
TL;DR: A multi-behavior contrastive learning framework to distill transferable knowledge across different types of behaviors via the constructed contrastive loss, and a contrastive meta network to encode the customized behavior heterogeneity for different users are proposed.
Abstract: A well-informed recommendation framework could not only help users identify their interested items, but also benefit the revenue of various online platforms (e.g., e-commerce, social media). Traditional recommendation models usually assume that only a single type of interaction exists between user and item, and fail to model the multiplex user-item relationships from multi-typed user behavior data, such as page view, add-to-favourite and purchase. While some recent studies propose to capture the dependencies across different types of behaviors, two important challenges have been less explored: i) Dealing with the sparse supervision signal under target behaviors (e.g., purchase). ii) Capturing the personalized multi-behavior patterns with customized dependency modeling. To tackle the above challenges, we devise a new model CML, Contrastive Meta Learning (CML), to maintain dedicated cross-type behavior dependency for different users. In particular, we propose a multi-behavior contrastive learning framework to distill transferable knowledge across different types of behaviors via the constructed contrastive loss. In addition, to capture the diverse multi-behavior patterns, we design a contrastive meta network to encode the customized behavior heterogeneity for different users. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets indicate that our method consistently outperforms various state-of-the-art recommendation methods. Our empirical studies further suggest that the contrastive meta learning paradigm offers great potential for capturing the behavior multiplicity in recommendation. We release our model implementation at: https://github.com/weiwei1206/CML.git.
53 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors assess the causal link between green finance and sustainable development at a global scale with the bootstrap rolling-window Granger causal relationship test, and demonstrate that GF produces positive impacts on sustainable development in multiple subperiods, which supports interaction theory.
48 citations
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TL;DR: A bibliometric methodology consisting of analytical techniques such as performance analysis, co-authorship network analysis, and bibliographic coupling was used to present a retrospective of the Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing (JRIM) on its 15th anniversary as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: PurposeThis study aims to present a retrospective of the Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing (JRIM) on its 15th anniversary. The retrospective includes an analysis of JRIM's growth in publication and citation, and an exploration of the journal's major themes and methodologies employed.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a bibliometric methodology consisting of analytical techniques such as performance analysis, co-authorship network analysis, and bibliographic coupling to present a retrospective of JRIM.FindingsThis study finds that JRIM has grown consistently in terms of its publications and citations with its major themes being social media, advertising and communication, technology adoption, customer behavior, multi-channel marketing, viral marketing, and relationship marketing. This study also reveals that the journal's contributing authors tend to employ empirical and quantitative methodologies.Originality/valueThis is the first study to present a retrospective of JRIM and one of the few that present a retrospective of interactive marketing. Besides presenting the major themes, this study also analyzes the growth that such themes have undergone with time and what are the major themes in recent times in relation to the body of knowledge on interactive marketing curated through JRIM.
47 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the relationship between critical success factors (CSFs), organizational support, and renewable energy project success and found that these four critical factors increase the success of renewable energy projects.
40 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , a series of empirical analyses, endogeneity tests, and robustness tests were conducted to verify the influence of financial development, technological innovation, and their interaction term on energy security.
37 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the nexus between sustainability innovation, firm performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by exploring the mediating role of firm competitiveness in the context of an emerging market is explored.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors systematically review the empirical literature to provide insights on how it has been conceptualized and operationalized, along with its key antecedents and outcomes, and advance a promising agenda for future research, grounded in connecting the psychological resilience of entrepreneurs to other research areas connected to the new venture development process.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Given that entrepreneurs face substantial adversity in initiating and developing new ventures, a burgeoning stream of research has sought to understand the concept of entrepreneurs’ psychological resilience. To structure and synthesize what we know about entrepreneurs’ psychological resilience, we systematically review the empirical literature to provide insights on how it has been conceptualized and operationalized, along with its key antecedents and outcomes. Based on our review, we advance a promising agenda for future research, grounded in connecting the psychological resilience of entrepreneurs to other research areas connected to the new venture development process. Overall, we point to the urgent need for theoretical precision to enhance the utility of empirical contributions, suggest promising research designs, expand on the important role of adversity, discuss potential boundary conditions, elaborate on the link between entrepreneurs’ psychological resilience and organizational resilience, and address the potential dark side of resilience.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored the unique tourism experience of people with visual impairment (PwVI) based on travel notes written by them and analyzed the intermediary role of the sense of helplessness experienced by PwVI in the above impact.
Abstract: The tourism experience has always been a hot topic in tourism research. However, the tourism experience of people with visual impairment (PwVI) has its own particularity. This paper explores the unique tourism experience of PwVI based on travel notes written by them. Since PwVI are often accompanied by volunteers when travelling, this paper also discusses the impact of the interaction between volunteers and PwVI on the tourism experience, and analyses the intermediary role of the sense of helplessness experienced by PwVI in the above impact. The empirical results based on a self-administered questionnaire completed by visually impaired groups show that ① the interaction between volunteers and PwVI has a significant positive correlation with the seven unique tourism experiences of PwVI, and ② This correlation is partially mediated by the sense of helplessness. The results show that positive interaction helps to reduce the sense of helplessness of PwVI and thus improves their tourism experience.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the potential of micro-CSR research is severely limited by its predominant focus on CSR as defined, presented, and promoted by companies themselves, thereby serving to sustain the hegemony of the business case for CSR, promoting narrow interests and maintaining managerial control over corporate responsibilities.
Abstract: In their recent essay, Gond and Moser (2019) have proposed that micro-CSR research has the potential to “matter” and transform business practices as it engages closely with how individuals in companies work with and experience corporate social responsibility (CSR). But can micro-CSR research in its current form realize this transformative potential and serve social justice? Adopting an intellectual activist position, we argue that the transformative potential of micro-CSR is severely limited by its predominant focus on CSR as defined, presented, and promoted by companies themselves, thereby serving to sustain the hegemony of the business case for CSR, promoting narrow interests and maintaining managerial control over corporate responsibilities. We propose that micro-CSR researchers broaden the scope of their research to cultivate the potential of alternative ideas, voices, and activities found in organizational life. In so doing we lay out a research agenda that embraces employee activism, listens to alternative voices, and unfolds confrontational, subversive, and covert activities. In the hope of inspiring other micro-CSR researchers to explore these unconventional paths, we also offer suggestions as to how we can pursue them through empirical research.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors present an integrated survey connecting the findings from previous review papers and the state of the art involving empirical studies and participants, focusing on the practical studies of different contributing factors, the pros and cons of measurements, profiles of cybersickness, and solutions to reduce this phenomenon.
Abstract: Abstract Cybersickness still poses a significant challenge to the widespread usage of virtual reality, leading to different levels of discomfort and potentially breaking the immersive experience. Researchers have attempted to discover the possible fundamental causes of cybersickness for years. Despite the longstanding interest in the research field, inconsistent results have been drawn on the contributing factors and solutions to combating cybersickness. Moreover, little attention has been paid to individual susceptibility. A consolidated explanation remains under development, requiring more empirical studies with robust and reproducible methodologies. This review presents an integrated survey connecting the findings from previous review papers and the state of the art involving empirical studies and participants. A literature review is then presented, focusing on the practical studies of different contributing factors, the pros and cons of measurements, profiles of cybersickness, and solutions to reduce this phenomenon. Our findings suggest a lack of considerations regarding user susceptibility and gender balance in between groups studies. In addition, incongruities among empirical findings raised concerns. We conclude by suggesting points of insights for future empirical investigations.
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TL;DR: In this article , the impact of green banking practices on banks' environmental performance and sources of green financing of private commercial banks (PCBs) in Bangladesh was identified. And the key relationships existing between the study variables, structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was employed.
Abstract: Every sector of the global economy is faced with environmental problems and their resulting consequences to their day-to-day operations. Due to the rising threat of global climate change, the green banking (GB) concept has been given significant attention in recent green finance literature. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to identify the impact of GB practices on banks’ environmental performance and sources of green financing of private commercial banks (PCBs) in Bangladesh. Using a survey method, the primary data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 322 banking employees of PCBs in Bangladesh. In order to identify the key relationships existing between the study variables, structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was employed. The empirical findings indicated that banks’ employees, daily-operations, and policy-related GB practices have significant positive effects on green financing, contrary to banks’ customer-related GB practice, which was not statistically significant. Additionally, banks’ green project financing exhibited a strong and positive influence on banks’ environmental performance. Moreover, banks’ daily operation and policy-related practices of GB were observed to have significant impacts on banks’ environmental performances, in contrast to banks’ employee and customer-related GB practices. Therefore, major policy implications and directions for future research in the concerned area are discussed.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors systematically reviewed a total of 473 articles, published in the last 16 years (2005-2020) through 135 academic journals, based on empirical studies conducted in over 80 countries, and led by the researcher from over 50 countries.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the literature to unpack the existing publications of PEBs in protected areas and to scope future research avenues is provided, which suggests modelling and predicting PEBs needs to be focused on a specific behaviour of a specific target audience in a specific context (time and place).
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the direct relationship of environmental and social SDGs with firms' financial performance and the moderating role of green innovation and found a positive correlation between environmental SDGs and the negative significance of socialSDGs on firms’ financial performance.
Abstract: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs) has been established to alter our world by addressing the challenges faced by humanity in order to promote wellbeing, economic prosperity, and the protection of the environment. The SDGs provide a holistic and multi-dimensional approach to development compared to conventional development plans that focus on a limited range of dimensions. As a result, linkages between the SDGs may result in differing outcomes. This research is the first to investigate the direct relationship of environmental and social SDGs with firms’ financial performance and the moderating role of green innovation. Data from 67 companies from five continents (Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Asia, North America, and Africa) and their top five blue-chip firms were collected through content analysis. Generalized least squares (GLS) were used to test for direct relationships. The results showed a positive correlation between environmental SDGs and the negative significance of social SDGs on firms’ financial performance. However, mixed findings regarding the moderation variable green innovation over SDGs and firms’ financial performance were found. The new findings extend the SDG literature and provide empirical evidence to practitioners and policymakers.
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper explored the influencing factors of the continuous usage intention of ASNSs and found that satisfaction is a mediating variable by which expectation confirmation, PU, referent network size, social identity and other influencing factors affect continuous usage intentions.
Abstract: PurposeAcademic social network site (ASNS) is a new form of academic service in the social media age, and the study of ASNS user behavior is of great significance to academic librarians due to its recent popularity. This research explores the influencing factors of the continuous usage intention of ASNSs.Design/methodology/approachA survey of academics in China was conducted, and 361 responses were collected and analyzed with a structural equation model, which involves satisfaction, continuous usage intention, expectation confirmation, perceived usefulness (PU), social identity, referent network size and perceived interactivity (PI).FindingsSatisfaction, expectation confirmation, PU, referent network size, social identity and PI significantly impact continuous usage intention. Satisfaction is a mediating variable by which expectation confirmation, PU, referent network size, social identity and other influencing factors affect continuous usage intention. Expectation confirmation and referent network size are two endogenous variables that can explain and predict the continuous usage intention of ASNSs.Originality/valueExisting research does not consciously distinguish between adoption, use and continuous use, and only scant studies have conducted empirical research. Further, despite the widespread ASNS usage in China, Chinese scholars' studies are few, as existing studies have mainly focused on users of the UK, the US and India.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a systematic literature review comparing SAFe, LeSS, Scrum-at-Scale, DAD, and the Spotify model and identify a set of challenges and success factors associated with the use of large-scale agile methods.
Abstract: Following the highly pervasive and effective use of agile methods at the team level, many software organisations now wish to replicate this success at the organisational level, adopting large-scale agile methods such as SAFe, Scrum-at-Scale, and others. However, this has proven significantly challenging. An analysis of the extant literature reveals a disparate set of studies across each individual method, with no cross-method comparison based on empirical evidence. This systematic literature review compares the main large-scale agile methods, namely SAFe, LeSS, Scrum-at-Scale, DAD, and the Spotify model. It is the first study to analyse and compare each of the method’s principles, practices, tools, and metrics in a standardised manner. For each method, it presents not just the original method specifications but also all extensions and modifications to each method proposed by subsequent empirical research. It includes in this comparison not just commercial large-scale methods but also those that have been custom-built in organisations such as Nokia, Ericsson, and others. Based on the findings reported in this study, practitioners can make a more informed decision as to which commercial method or method component or, indeed, custom-built method is better suited to their needs. Our study reveals a number of theoretical and practical issues in the current literature, such as an emphasis on the practices of commercial frameworks at the expense of their underlying principles, or indeed any of the custom method. A set of challenges and success factors associated with the use of large-scale agile methods are identified. The study also identifies a number of research gaps to be addressed across methods.
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TL;DR: Earlier research on restoration and virtual nature, including theory, measurement, and modalities, are synthesized, including a new conceptual model named the Multidimensional Model of Restoration Measurement, which connects different aspects of restoration measurement and theories.
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TL;DR: In this article, the relevance and performance of diverse CSR policies are analyzed through the implementation of the importance-performance matrix (IPMA) and the evaluation made by 157 CSR experts on approximately 30 multinational companies are considered.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present methodological, theoretical and practical propositions to advance research, creation of tools and the practice of social learning analytics, and they identify the main characteristics of SLA, gaps and future opportunities for this emerging approach, systematically identified and analyzed 36 SLA-related studies conducted between 2011 and 2020.
Abstract: • This is a systematic review for social learning analytics studies. • 36 journal articles published between 2011 and 2020 were coded and analyzed. • The application of social learning analytics is mainly in formal and fully online settings and few studies share social learning analytics insights with teachers. • We present methodological, theoretical and practical propositions to advance research, creation of tools and the practice of social learning analytics. Social learning analytics (SLA) is a promising approach for identifying students’ social learning processes in computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments. To identify the main characteristics of SLA, gaps and future opportunities for this emerging approach, we systematically identified and analyzed 36 SLA-related studies conducted between 2011 and 2020. We focus on SLA implementation and methodological characteristics, educational focus, and the studies’ theoretical perspectives. The results show the predominance of SLA in formal and fully online settings with social network analysis (SNA) a dominant analytical technique. Most SLA studies aimed to understand students’ learning processes and applied the social constructivist perspective as a lens to interpret students’ learning behaviors. However, (i) few studies involve teachers in developing SLA tools, and rarely share SLA visualizations with teachers to support teaching decisions; (ii) some SLA studies are atheoretical; and (iii) the number of SLA studies integrating more than one analytical approach remains limited. Moreover, (iv) few studies leveraged innovative network approaches (e.g., epistemic network analysis, multimodal network analysis), and (v) studies rarely focused on temporal patterns of students’ interactions to assess how students’ social and knowledge networks evolve over time. Based on the findings and the gaps identified, we present methodological, theoretical and practical recommendations for conducting research and creating tools that can advance the field of SLA.
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TL;DR: A nuanced query-level analysis of older adults’ voice-based health information seeking behaviors is contributed, providing evidence for how query reformulation happens with complex topics in voice- based information seeking.
Abstract: Although voice assistants are increasingly being adopted by older adults, we lack empirical research on how they interact with these devices for health information seeking. Also, prior work shows how voice assistant responses can provide misleading or inaccurate information and be harmful particularly in health contexts. Because of increased health needs while aging, this paper studies older adult’s (ages 65+) health-related voice assistant interactions. Motivated by a lack of empirical evidence for how older adults approach information seeking with emerging technologies, we first conducted a survey of n = 201 older adults to understand how they engage voice assistants compared to a range of offline and digital sources for health information seeking. Findings show how voice assistants were used for confirmatory health queries, with users showing signs of distrust. As much prior work focuses on perceptions of voice assistant use, we conducted scenario-based interviews with n = 35 older adults to study health-related voice assistant behavior. In interviews, participants engaged with different health topics (flu, migraine, high blood pressure) and scenario types (symptom-driven, behavior-driven) using a voice assistant. Findings show how conversational and human-like expectations with voice assistants lead to information breakdowns between the older adult and voice assistant. This paper contributes a nuanced query-level analysis of older adults’ voice-based health information seeking behaviors. Further, data provide evidence for how query reformulation happens with complex topics in voice-based information seeking. We use our findings to discuss how voice interfaces can better support older adults’ health information seeking behaviors and expectations.
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TL;DR: An empirical study to validate the performance of common learning algorithms under three different environments for email classification and indicates that LibSVM and SMO‐SVM can achieve better performance than other selected algorithms.
Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is gradually adopted by many organizations to facilitate the information collection and sharing. In an organization, an IoT node usually can receive and send an email for event notification and reminder. However, unwanted and malicious emails are a big security challenge to IoT systems. For example, attackers may intrude a network by sending emails with phishing links. To mitigate this issue, email classification is an important solution with the aim of distinguishing legitimate and spam emails. Artificial intelligence especially machine learning is a major tool for helping detect malicious emails, but the performance might be fluctuant according to specific datasets. The previous research figured out that supervised learning could be acceptable in practice, and that practical evaluation and users' feedback are important. Motivated by these observations, we conduct an empirical study to validate the performance of common learning algorithms under three different environments for email classification. With over 900 users, our study results validate prior observations and indicate that LibSVM and SMO‐SVM can achieve better performance than other selected algorithms.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors conduct a systematic literature review to integrate empirical knowledge on user interaction with IAs and identify 389 relationships between design elements and user acceptance of IAs, and span a research space model encompassing empirical research on designing for IA user acceptance.
Abstract: Abstract Intelligent agents (IAs) are permeating both business and society. However, interacting with IAs poses challenges moving beyond technological limitations towards the human-computer interface. Thus, the knowledgebase related to interaction with IAs has grown exponentially but remains segregated and impedes the advancement of the field. Therefore, we conduct a systematic literature review to integrate empirical knowledge on user interaction with IAs. This is the first paper to examine 107 Information Systems and Human-Computer Interaction papers and identified 389 relationships between design elements and user acceptance of IAs. Along the independent and dependent variables of these relationships, we span a research space model encompassing empirical research on designing for IA user acceptance. Further we contribute to theory, by presenting a research agenda along the dimensions of the research space, which shall be useful to both researchers and practitioners. This complements the past and present knowledge on designing for IA user acceptance with potential pathways into the future of IAs.
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TL;DR: In this article , the impact of economic growth and R&D expenditure on the ecological footprint of emerging economies has been investigated using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS).