Showing papers on "Empowerment published in 1970"
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: The Asociacion de Guatemaltecos Unidos por Nuestros Derechos (AGUND) as mentioned in this paper advocates for the realization of their rights and redressing cases of wrongdoing.
Abstract: This paper explores political engagement by Guatemalans who seasonally migrate to Canada as contracted agricultural workers. Since 2003, an ever-increasing number of Guatemalans have pursued economic opportunities in Canadian fields and greenhouses as participants in a labour migration scheme brokered by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) called the Temporary Agricultural Workers to Canada (TAWC) Project. While some describe this labour migration as a win-win situation for employers and migrant workers, for too many of these migrants, work in Canada has demanded sacrifices and losses, not the least of which of their human rights and dignity at the hands of employers and administrators of the TAWC Project. While there is a great deal at stake for these migrants should they denounce mistreatment, given the climate of fear created by the employer-driven nature of the TAWC project, a growing number of them have been pushed to do so. With the support of allies that encourage political empowerment of migrant workers, black-listed Guatemalans have formed a political advocacy group - Asociacion de Guatemaltecos Unidos por Nuestros Derechos (AGUND) - aimed at fighting for the realization of their rights and redressing cases of wrongdoing. Based on workers’ testimonies and other institutional interviews, this paper outlines the difficulties workers have experienced as labour migrants to Canada, the context of vulnerability that largely impedes them from denouncing mistreatment, and the development and activities of AGUND. Informed by literature on political organizing, it also identifies the factors that have both impeded and encouraged political activity on the part of these disenfranchised yet determined Guatemalan workers.
10 citations
TL;DR: The use of parliamentary quotas to increase women's political participation has gained a lot of traction in women empowerment discourse and women movements worldwide have been working hard to make progress in ensuring a more equal representation of women in parties and parliament alike as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The use of parliamentary quotas to increase women’s political participation has gained a lot of traction in women’s empowerment discourse. Women’s movements worldwide have been working hard to make progress in ensuring a more equal representation of women in parties and parliament alike. So far during this decade, Morocco has emerged as one of the leading models for increasing women’s rights in the Arab world. In 2002, an informal agreement among political parties to establish a gender quota for women in parliament quickly gave Morocco one of the highest levels of women’s representation in the Arab region. Just two years later, women’s groups celebrated one of their greatest victories with the reform of the family code, moudawana , in 2004. Both of these events coincided with an increase in the number of women in positions of power.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the complex ethical considerations of adopting participatory processes with adults with learning difficulties and the use of labelling in the context of learning difficulty and the ways in which labels can be used as a form of control.
Abstract: Is the use of participatory techniques effective in empowering and engaging adults with learning difficulties within their "communities"? Despite the progress that has been made to introduce structures for consultation, it is not clear to what extent people are participating. Participation appears to be driven by a Government agenda that is more about achieving consultation forums and less about listening to what is being said or making efforts towards inclusive practice. Who ultimately benefits from empowering practices? This paper discusses the complex ethical considerations of adopting participatory processes with adults with learning difficulties. The potential for individuals to contribute in participatory processes often rests on their ability to communicate verbally within consultative structures and ultimately depends on a degree of interpretation. The challenge for the researcher is to create a meaningful participatory dialogue with research participants whilst facing the difficulties associated with claiming that messages have been clearly understood. This paper draws parallels between the ways in which power relations are analysed in both contemporary learning difficulty discourse and participatory practice and discourse in development work. I also reflect on the use of labelling in the context of learning difficulty and the ways in which labels can be used as a form of control. Participatory techniques can, without significant adjustment and adaptation, result in reinforcing a lack of power. The language of empowerment disguises institutional forms of discrimination that continue to exclude people with learning difficulties from participating as equal citizens.
7 citations
TL;DR: The Plugging the Leaks method as discussed by the authors proposes to analyze the local economy as a "leaky bucket" to identify gaps and opportunities for enterprise in low-income communities in South Africa and Namibia.
Abstract: Local Economic Development (LED) is a contested concept in southern Africa, and has become synonymous with delivery of generic job-creation projects, often grant-dependent and unsustainable. Municipal LED has followed this pattern in South Africa since 1994, with little lasting success. Each local economy is unique, and has its own problems and opportunities. The ’Plugging the Leaks’ method recognizes that communities themselves know best how money enters and exits their area. By asking people to analyse their local economy as a 'leaky bucket', the method puts control back in the hands of local people, rather than external experts, and allows them to analyse their own local economy to identify gaps and opportunities for enterprise. By better networking and working collectively to improve their local economy, local communities are able to re-circulate cash internally. This circulation of cash is explained as the local multiplier effect in the workshops. A pilot process of running ‘Plugging the Leaks’ workshops in low income communities in South Africa and Namibia revealed that spending choices in these communities are severely limited in a context where there is no effective welfare state. Therefore, empowerment with this method came from the discovery of collective action and networking, rather than from individual spending choices. Local start-up business tends to be limited to survivalist and copy-cat one-person ventures, and are a last resort when formal employment is absent. In this context collective enterprise offers the necessary empowerment for people to attempt financially sustainable ventures that respond to a gap in the local economy. The pilot project is attempting to show that municipal LED staff can play the role of facilitator for initiating the enterprise-identification process and further mobilise state enterprise support agencies around the locus of LED, without crossing the line between facilitation and implementation of ’projects’.
7 citations
TL;DR: In the Arab world, women's citizenship concerns social standing, political participation, and national membership, and women's empowerment is reflected in their legal status, in access to employment and income, in the extent of their participation in formal politics, and in the formation of women's organizations as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: As issues of citizenship and civil society have taken center-stage in recent years – partly as a result of the challenges of globalization, and partly as a result of democratic struggles in various parts of the world – the question of women’s citizenship has assumed prominence. Some feminist scholars stress the longstanding struggle of women for rights and empowerment (Lister, 1997; Narayan, 1997; Yuval-Davis, 1999). Others argue that the autonomous, rights-bearing citizen is a Western construct, and that citizenship and civil society are patriarchal and capitalistic constructs (Pateman, 1988). Nevertheless, rights, citizenship, civil society, and democratization are increasingly in demand in developing countries, including the Arab world. For women, citizenship concerns social standing, political participation, and national membership. Empirically, women’s citizenship is reflected in their legal status, in access to employment and income, in the extent of their participation in formal politics, and in the formation of women’s organizations.
5 citations
TL;DR: In some places like Lebanon it is suspected that the number of women university students is higher than its male counterpart as discussed by the authors, and women's education has increased substantially in the Arab World during the last decade or two.
Abstract: Women's education has increased substantially in the Arab World during the last decade or two. Statistics indicate that the male-female ratio of enrollment in secondary school and higher education is diminishing and in some places like Lebanon it is suspected that the number of women university students is higher than its male counterpart.
4 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the Parana State Museum in Curitiba, Brazil, is used to build a more pluralist narrative on the city's past, raising issues of memory, exclusion and empowerment.
Abstract: Can material culture change people’s perception and empower communities? This question, which has been at the center of our reflections over the last few decades, also guides the present text. What follows here is fruit of an intelectual partnership that raises the issue of the importance of collaborative work between universities and communities. The aim of this paper is to show how, through collective research in the historical center of the city of Curitiba, where the Parana State Museum is located, and using museum material, the principles of public archeology can guide us in the construction of more pluralist narratives on the city’s past, raising issues of memory, exclusion and empowerment. Through these reflections, we seek to contribute to a contemporary debate on the importance of material culture in the construction of spaces for dialogue and human rights guarantees.
4 citations
TL;DR: The first published research on political participation of Lebanese women can easily detect my vehement opposition to the principle of gender quota and its implementation in Lebanon as mentioned in this paper, as a newcomer to research on women's political empowerment, I lacked in-depth knowledge of the intricacies of the obstacles that faced, and continue to face, Lebanese women who have political aspirations.
Abstract: Any reader of my first published research on the political participation of Lebanese women can easily detect my vehement opposition to the principle of gender quota and its implementation in Lebanon. As a newcomer to research on women’s political empowerment, I lacked in-depth knowledge of the intricacies of the obstacles that faced, and continue to face, Lebanese women who have political aspirations.
3 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: As a part of social system, Islam is a powerful and huge potential to build our country as mentioned in this paper. Therefore, Islam must play as inclusive, democratic, and plurals power. But, Islam will have role to liberate human from poverty, human rights violation, backwardness, corruption, etc.
Abstract: As a part of social system, Islam is a powerful and huge potential to build our country. Therefore, Islam must play as inclusive, democratic, and plurals power. Islamic thought characteristic must have socio-cultural movement paradigm by trying to show Islam’s form in daily life consciousness and build social institution system without religion banner. Socio-cultural movement inclines to awareness and empowerment act to society and its institution as its commitment to democracy and development of autonomous civil society. When Islamic thought function as this cultural power, sociologically Islam will appear as social salvation. Therefore, this religion will be more down to earth and relevant to socio-historic problem at daily life. Islam will have role to liberate human from poverty, human rights violation, backwardness, corruption, etc
3 citations
TL;DR: In the face of these two phenomena, anti-Islamic and anti-Moorish attitudes reflecting the combination of ethnical, religious, and nationalist dimensions of discrimination now prevail amongst large segments of the Spanish public.
Abstract: In the last two decades, Spain has experienced a remarkable increase in its immigrant population (Cornelius,2004), of which North Africans make up a significant percentage. Concurrent and concomitant to this increase, since the end of the Franco regime, a strong tendency for conversion to the Islamic religion has been observable in Andalusian cities like Granada and Cordoba. In the face of these two phenomena, anti-Islamic and anti-“Moorish” attitudes reflecting the combination of ethnical, religious, and nationalist dimensions of discriminationnow prevail amongst large segments of the Spanish public. These attitudes are deeply-rooted and can be interpretedin one sense as historically transmitted stigmatizations of “the other”.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the role of tourism in poverty alleviation in South Badung Regency in Bali and found that the development of tourism had positive and significant impact on economic performance.
Abstract: Tourism and poverty’s phenomenon had already been known since the birth of human civilization. In the 1980s poverty became a serious concern of practitioners and scholars in various part of the world, including Indonesia. Poverty is not only understood in understanding as an abstract concept, but also as a reality of economic injustice and inability to meet basic human needs in some rich countries but also in many developing countries in the world. The problem of poverty is a fundamental and tourism is one of the many ways to solve this. The objective of this paper is to study the role of tourism to poverty alleviation including: 1) to analyze the influence of tourism development toward economic performance; 2) to analyze the effect of economic performance on poverty eradication; 3) to analyze the influence of tourism on poverty alleviation; 4) to formulate a strategy to increase tourism's role in poverty alleviation in Badung Regency. This study uses quantitative approach supported by secondary data and qualitative approach using primary data obtained through observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Research was conducted in South Badung Regency in the most developed tourism growth and considered the richest district among all regencies in Bali Regencies. Various attempts have been made to alleviate poverty, however have not been able to resolve poverty problems. The grand theory of this study refers to Neoliberalism Theory, supported by Social Democratic Theory and Empowerment Theory. Neoliberalism emphasizes that poverty as an individual problem and prosperity can only be achieved by achievement of economic growth through free market mechanism. According to Social Democratic Theory the emergence of poverty came from outside of the community itself. While the emphasis on the Empowerment Theory is in improving the ability of individual or communities to become indepedence on economic, social welfare and political right. Data analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS) with statistical analysis descriptive and inferential statistics. In order to have a better understanding on the statiscal result, Descriptive Analysis is also used to describe the researched data, using inferential statistical analysis to test the research hypothesis. The results of the research indicated that: 1) the development of tourism showed positive and significant impact on economic performance; 2) economic performance showed negative and significant impact on poverty alleviation; 3) tourism development showed negative and significant effect on poverty alleviation and (4) in order to be able to increase tourism's role in poverty alleviation in Badung Regency the strategy is formulated by analyzing the strengths, weakness, opportunities and challenges based on Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) strategy.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: Sofia Casanova was a journalist in ABC during the First World War and Bolshevik Revolution as discussed by the authors and described her agency as burgess woman and Red Cross nurse, and everyday life at Poland and Russia.
Abstract: Sofia Casanova was journalist in ABC during the First World War and Bolshevik Revolution. She wrote about geopolitical and war events, as well as she described her agency as burgess woman and Red Cross nurse, and everyday life at Poland and Russia. It is possible to find in those pages Sofia Casanova’s ways to get political empowerment through cross-wise relationships generated between gender and nation categories. In this case, Sofia Casanova was tied with Spain, Poland, and Russia. That organized in a hierarchy manner when she accessed to political power, and it happened even going through the boundaries related to her sexual condition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the contribution of agro-based entrepreneurial activities to women empowerment in Jere local government area of Borno State, Nigeria, using logit regression analysis.
Abstract: The study examined the contribution of agro-based entrepreneurial activities to women empowerment in Jere local government area of Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 84 questionnaires were administered to respondents who were randomly selected to participate in the study. The data obtained were analyzed using frequency, percentage and inferential statistics (regression analysis). The result of the logit regression analysis indicated that education, membership of association, household size and access to credit of respondents has significantly (p<0.01) affected respondents’ participation in agro-business activities. Descriptive statistics shows that majority (52.4%) of the respondents were within the age bracket of 31-40 years old. Some proportion (53.6%) of the respondents had secondary school education, most (85.7%) had agro-food processing as their main occupation. Majority (95.2%) indicate that agro-based entrepreneurial activities empower them through employment (employer of labor). This encourages them to become agro-based entrepreneurs. The study revealed that the most prevailing constraint to effective operation of agro-based entrepreneurial activities is lack of capital (mean score=4.7). Based on the findings, it was concluded that agro-based entrepreneurial activities are pivotal to the national poverty eradication and by providing the largest proportion of the job employment to women in rural areas. Therefore, it was recommended that agro-based entrepreneurial skill acquisition programme be put in place to build the capacity of women in the activities and credit be provided to them by government and other stakeholders to boost their capital base. Keywords : Agro-based enterprises; Women Empowerment; Jere; Borno.
DOI•
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the huge potential of public transport interchanges to constitute positive urban environments in themselves, which could have a major influence on attracting people to the public transport system.
Abstract: Movement is a necessity in modern day cities. This is especially true for South African cities where the political ideology of Apartheid profoundly impacted on the spatial layouts of cities. The urban poor were forcefully located in areas with the least opportunities, facilities and low levels of accessibility. This resulted in daily travelling between places of opportunity and places of residence having a significant cost implication in monetary value, time spent travelling, comfort levels and safety and thus on the overall levels of mobility of citizens. Public transport is seen as one of the keys to unlock a sustainable society in South Africa because of its potential to be an affordable and equitable system. Although many problems are experienced with the existing system (such as competition between modes, lack of inter-modal provision, low urban /environmental quality) a new commitment from government seems to indicate that public transport could well fulfil its potential in meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations. Public transport interchanges (PTIs) are an important element of and precondition for a sustainable transport system. As such, a PTI can be seen as a gateway or shop window for public transport, which could have a major influence on attracting people to the system. As it happens, in the case of most South African cities, PTIs are very often dull and boring environments at best, and crime ridden and unsafe city precincts at worst. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the huge potential of PTIs to constitute positive urban environments in themselves. Extensive research has identified certain preconditions and performance measures for such environments and this will be presented here.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a particular philosophy, curriculum and teaching style that together inculcate and elucidate this human factor of self-realising empowerment, which is essential for proactive, quality inspired individuals who can implement QMS directives in a capable and cost-effective manner.
Abstract: Empowerment is essential for proactive, quality-inspired individuals who can implement QMS directives in a capable and cost-effective manner. This paper will present a particular philosophy, curriculum and teaching style that together inculcate and elucidate this human factor of self-realising empowerment. The course, an advanced MSc in Software Engineering has evolved under various funding arrangements of the Department of Employment and had to meet quite severe performance targets on an annual basis. With a curriculum aim that includes specialised bottom-up technical processes as well as general top-down quality management systems, this set a challenging task for the course designers. The standard MSc curriculum steps of taught units and an individual project have been enhanced and expanded with notions of learning contracts, quality plans for short projects, tutor-driven audits, student-driven review and inspection techniques, peer and self-appraisal, and student audit of a set of undergraduate software engineering projects. The effectiveness of the programme is assessed with reviews and comments from the class, former graduates, the industrial sponsors who provide many projects and a survey of all graduates since course inception in 1990 Transactions on Information and Communications Technologies vol 8, © 1994 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3517
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: The present smorgasbord approach to second and third-year course offerings is an example of a confusion of these functions as mentioned in this paper, which is a rather unsatisfactory effort to satisfy research and reform ambitions of teacher and student by offering new, or relevant, or interdisciplinary courses, aimed primarily at developing within the faculty and student body a quasi capacity to do empirical research directed toward improvement of the law or its administration, or to explore "newly developing" areas of law on an interdisciplinary basis, as a part of the curriculum leading to the first degree in law,
Abstract: What are we doing and why are we doing it? Law schools as a group prese6t at least three faces to society today as a result of their varied educational activities. Behind the first face lies the curriculum leading to the first degree in law; the second covers graduate and continuing legal education programs; and from the mouth of the third flows the evidence of the law schools' fulfillment of their research responsibility, individual and institutional. The extent to which, as well as the manner in which, a particular school participates in one or more of these three activities is, and should continue to be, a matter for its own determination. But, much of the present confusion, with its resulting tumult and criticism, might well be eliminated and give way to constructive planning and development if law schools demonstrated a clearer understanding and appreciation of the fact that these functions do afford different opporturiities and responsibilities. The present smorgasbord approach to second- and third-year course offerings is an example of a confusion of these functions. The result is a rather unsatisfactory effort to satisfy research and reform ambitions of teacher and student by offering new, or relevant, or interdisciplinary courses, aimed primarily at developing within the faculty and student body a quasi capacity to do empirical research directed toward improvement of the law or its administration, or to explore "newly developing" areas of the law on an interdisciplinary basis, as a part of the curriculum leading to the first degree in law, in response and reaction to diverse, generalized and too
TL;DR: A word of thanks to the Dubai and Northern Emirates Chapter of the Lebanese American University's Alumni Association as mentioned in this paper for hosting this conference on empowerment of Arab women in various fields, such as politics, economics, and socio-cultural activities; and the role of a university in general, and LAU in particular.
Abstract: Allow me to start with a word of thanks to the Dubai and Northern Emirates Chapter of the Lebanese American University's Alumni Association. Chapter President Adalat Nakash and Vice President Saad El-Zein kindly invited me and gave me the opportunity to be present among you to participate in this conference on the empowerment of Arab women in various fields, such as politics, economics, and socio-cultural activities; and the role of a university in general, and LAU in particular.