Showing papers on "Encoding (memory) published in 1971"

Retrieval of information after use of marihuana.

Abstract: THERE is anecdotal and experimental evidence that human memory is adversely affected by smoking marihuana1,2 but it remains to be determined where in the memory system this impairment occurs. In particular, does marihuana interfere with the encoding or registration of information in the memory or with the retrieval of information once it has been stored? This study is a preliminary investigation of the effects of marihuana on the retrieval aspect of memory.

Comparison of recognition and recall in a continuous memory task

Abstract: Differences between recall and recognition performance may be due at least in part to differences in the way information is stored. This possibility was explored in a paired-associate learning task by varying 6"s knowledge at the time of study of how he would be tested on a particular stimulus-response pair. It was found that when 5 knew how he would be tested, his performance was better on recall but worse on recognition than when he did not know how he would be tested. These results were interpreted as support for the assertion that differences in storage processes partially account for recall-recognition performance differences. A model which postulates a distinction between short-term and long-term memory provided an excellent fit to the data and suggested possible storage strategies for recall and recognition.

Iconic memory and central processing capacity

Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to assess whether or not iconic memory is influenced by demands placed upon central processing capacity. In Experiment 1 S was required to store material in short-term memory while performing an iconic memory task. In Experiments 2 and 3 S performed an auditory classification task concurrently with iconic storage. The three experiments did not reveal any significant impairment of iconic memory as a function of performing a subsidiary task. Similarly, performance on the subsidiary tasks did not suffer as a result of the concurrent iconic memory task.

Combined modem and vocoder pipeline processor

Abstract: A digital pipeline processing system for implementing both vocoder and data modem functions. The pipeline capability is provided by three circulating memories and two associated arithmetic units. The first circulating memory and its arithmetic unit implement the functions of vocoder spectrum analysis modem modulation and modem demodulation. The second circulating memory and its arithmetic unit implement the functions of vocoder pitch extraction, vocoder parameter filtering, and vocoder speech synthesis. The third circulating memory is used for temporary storage of data while computations are carried out by the other circulating memories and their arithmetic units. The processing system also comprises a control unit which provides timing and gating signals for control of the remainder of the processor, an impulse response synthesizer which provides sinusoids used in speech synthesis, encoding and decoding circuitry for formating data, and a plurality of read-only memories for permanent storage of functions required by the processor.

Concatenated burst-trapping codes

Abstract: There is disclosed a data transmission system having a source of binary information data, encoding means responsive to the binary information data for encoding the data and applying the resulting code words to a communication link. At the receiving end of the communication link, a receiver means has a decoder for decoding the code words. The improvement lies in the encoding system which comprises means for transmitting a concatenated burst-trapping code word having the following form:

Recall of Semantic Clusters in Primary Memory

Abstract: An experiment is reported which investigated the use of semantic relatedness as a retrieval cue in the primary memory component in a free recall task. Six-word semantically related clusters were pl...

Codes for Error Correction in High-Speed Memory Systems—Part I: Correction of Cell Defects in Integrated Memories

Abstract: This paper introduces two schemes to correct bit errors caused by defective memory cells in high-speed random-access memory systems. The schemes are addressed to word-organized memories produced by the integrated technologies. One of the two schemes calls for encoding of input information and the other does not. The schemes are simple, economical for the technologies concerned, and exhibit a regularity which makes it possible to fabricate the necessary additional hardware within the same technology.

Associative memory system

Abstract: An associative memory system is disclosed for grouping events in n dimensional space wherein each event is represented by an n bit word As a specific example of the comparison and grouping capabilities of this associative memory system, an encoding and decoding system is disclosed wherein the separation of a plurality of messages can be made a maximum and the number of tolerable errors set to any desired value Specifically, to decode, the output current, during an associative search of the memory, is proportional to the separation between the search message and the stored, error-free message Adjustable threshold sensing of the output current enables one to select the maximum amount of tolerable error To encode, an associative search is made for the coded version of a message utilizing the uncoded version of the message

Selective tone signalling apparatus

Abstract: Sequential tone generator useful in paging applications. Three digit call numbers are entered into a register for temporary storage from an input device. Values indicative of the tones in the tone repertoire are stored in a first memory. Encoder values indicative of a desired tone encoding scheme are stored in a second memory. The stored call number is employed to address the encoder values of the second memory and to modify them so as to form the first memory addresses of the tone values specified by the call number. The addressed tone values are employed as divisor values in a frequency divider network to generate the tones.

Techniques for Efficient Encoding of Features in Pattern Recognition

Abstract: Two techniques are described for efficient encoding of features in pattern recognition. It is shown that the number of binary digits needed to represent patterns can be greatly reduced using efficient feature encoding. Four-thousand utterances based on a 40-word vocabulary are used to evaluate the techniques.

Semantic and acoustic labeling

Abstract: Two experiments demonstrate that both semantic and acoustic labels enhance memory. Such data is in disaccord with theories that attempt to dichotomize memory in terms of differential semantic and acoustic encoding.

Perceptual and Linguistic Encoding in Recognition Memory and Paired-Associate Learning.

Abstract: A perceptual paired-associates task was presented in which pictures of objects and consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams served as stimulus and response members of the P-A unit, respectively. Introductory psychology students had been classified previously into encoding groups on the basis of their performance on a memory task. The prediction that the linguistic encoders would learn the PA task more slowly than the perceptual encoders was supported by the results.

A large, static MOS/bipolar ROM with combinatorial addressing for keyboard encoding

Abstract: A code-conversion ROM, with 5520 bits, bipolar TTL compatible outputs, and combinatorial addressing, affording encoding and interfacing of a solid-state keyboard with a single monolithic LSI device, will be described. CAD is used for system implementation.