Topic
Encoding (memory)
About: Encoding (memory) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7547 publications have been published within this topic receiving 120214 citations. The topic is also known as: memory encoding & encoding of memories.
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14 Jul 2010TL;DR: In this article, a vector codeword with additional parity bits is proposed to encode information in ways that are compatible with constraints associated with electrical-resistance-based memories and useful in other, similarly constrained applications.
Abstract: Method and system embodiments of the present invention are directed to encoding information in ways that are compatible with constraints associated with electrical-resistance-based memories and useful in other, similarly constrained applications, and to decoding the encoded information. One embodiment of the present invention encodes k information bits and writes the encoded k information bits to an electronic memory, the method comprising systematically encoding the k information bits to produce a vector codeword, with additional parity bits so that the codeword is resilient to bit-transition errors that may occur during storage of the codeword in, and retrieval of the codeword from, the electronic memory, ensuring that the codeword does not violate a weight constraint, and writing the codeword to the electronic memory.
50 citations
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01 Apr 1999
TL;DR: In this article, Izawa et al. present a 30-year retrospective of the models of human memory and their relationship with the theory of Distributed Associative Models of Memory (TODAM).
Abstract: Contents: R.C. Atkinson, Foreword. Preface. C. Izawa, On Human Memory: A Brief Introduction. R.M. Shiffrin, 30 Years of Memory. B.B. Murdock, The Buffer 30 Years Later: Working Memory in a Theory of Distributed Associative Model (TODAM). W.K. Estes, Models of Human Memory: A 30-Year Retrospective. J.G.W. Raaijmakers, R.H. Phaf, Part-List Cuing Revisited: Testing the Sampling-Bias Hypothesis. D.D. Ohrt, S.D. Gronlund, List-Length Effect and Continuous Memory: Confounds and Solutions. M.S. Humphreys, G. Tehan, Cues and Codes in Working Memory Tasks. A.F. Healy, T.F. Cunningham, Recall of Order Information: Evidence Requiring a Dual-Storage Memory Model. C. Izawa, Efficiency in Acquisition and Short-Term Memory: Study-Test-Rest Presentation Programs and Learning Difficulty. S.E. Clark, Recalling to Recognize and Recognizing Recall. T.D. Wickens, Measuring the Time Course of Retention.
50 citations
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TL;DR: The concise pixel-permutation algorithm is used to address the drawbacks of the traditional CA encoding methods and the effectiveness of the proposed video encoding method is demonstrated by simulation examples.
50 citations
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TL;DR: These data are suggested to account for the so-called "effortful hypothesis", where distorted input has a detrimental impact on prior information stored in short-term memory.
50 citations
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TL;DR: When retrospective memory demands are minimized, prospective memory in PD can be supported by cues that reduce the executive control demands of intention retrieval, however, PD-related deficits in self-initiated encoding or planning processes have strong negative effects on the performance of prospective memory tasks, with increased retrospective memory demand.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of Parkinson's disease (PD) on event-based prospective memory tasks with varying demand on (1) the amount of strategic attentional monitoring required for intention retrieval (prospective component), and (2) the retrospective memory processes required to remember the contents of the intention or the entire constellation of prospective memory tasks. METHOD Twenty-four older adults with PD and 28 healthy older adults performed the computerized Virtual Week task, a multi-intention prospective memory paradigm that simulates everyday prospective memory tasks. The Virtual Week included regular (low retrospective memory demand) and irregular (high retrospective memory demand) prospective memory tasks with cues that were focal (low strategic monitoring demand) or less focal (high strategic monitoring demand) to the ongoing activity. RESULTS For the regular prospective memory tasks, PD participants were impaired when the prospective memory cues were less focal. For the irregular prospective memory tasks, PD participants were impaired regardless of prospective memory cue type. PD participants also had impaired retrospective memory for irregular tasks, which was associated with worse prospective memory for these tasks during the Virtual Week. CONCLUSIONS When retrospective memory demands are minimized, prospective memory in PD can be supported by cues that reduce the executive control demands of intention retrieval. However, PD-related deficits in self-initiated encoding or planning processes have strong negative effects on the performance of prospective memory tasks, with increased retrospective memory demand.
50 citations