Encoding (memory)

About: Encoding (memory) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7547 publications have been published within this topic receiving 120214 citations. The topic is also known as: memory encoding & encoding of memories.

Neural measures of conscious and unconscious memory

Abstract: Neuropsychological studies of memory disorders have played a prominent role in the development of theories of memory. To test and refine such theories in future, it will be advantageous to include research that utilizes physiological measures of the neural events responsible for memory. Measures of the electrical activity of the brain in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs) provide one source of such information. Recent results suggest that these real-time measures reflect relevant encoding and retrieval operations. In particular, distinct electrical responses have been associated with recollective processing of words and with priming of visual word-form. This source of evidence can thus enrich our understanding of both the cognitive structure and neural substrates of human memory.

Backward recall and benchmark effects of working memory

Abstract: Working memory was designed to explain four benchmark memory effects: the word length effect, the irrelevant speech effect, the acoustic confusion effect, and the concurrent articulation effect. However, almost all research thus far has used tests that emphasize forward recall. In four experiments, we examine whether each effect is observable when the items are recalled in reverse order. Subjects did not know which recall direction would be required until the time of test, ensuring that encoding processes would be identical for both recall directions. Contrary to predictions of both the primacy model and the feature model, the benchmark memory effect was either absent or greatly attenuated with backward recall, despite being present with forward recall. Direction of recall had no effect on the more difficult conditions (e.g., long words, similar-sounding items, items presented with irrelevant speech, and items studied with concurrent articulation). Several factors not considered by the primacy and feature models are noted, and a possible explanation within the framework of the SIMPLE model is briefly presented.

Video encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses

Abstract: Video encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses are provided which are effective for error correction and error concealment in an error-prone environment. The video encoding method includes determining an encoding operation to encode raw video among a frame encoding operation, a top/bottom field encoding operation, and a left/right field encoding operation based on at least one characteristic of the raw video; and generating a bit stream by adaptively performing the encoding operation that is determined to encode the raw video. Further, video may be divided into frame pictures, top/bottom field pictures and left/right field pictures, and encoded accordingly. Therefore, a compression rate can be increased, and error correction and concealment can be effectively performed on a lost field by using a normally received field.