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Encoding (memory)

About: Encoding (memory) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7547 publications have been published within this topic receiving 120214 citations. The topic is also known as: memory encoding & encoding of memories.


Papers
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: This work develops a method for the joint estimation of activation and HRF by means of a rank constraint, forcing the estimated HRF to be equal across events or experimental conditions, yet permitting it to differ across voxels.
Abstract: Despite the common usage of a canonical, data-independent, hemodynamic response function (HRF), it is known that the shape of the HRF varies across brain regions and subjects. This suggests that a data-driven estimation of this function could lead to more statistical power when modeling BOLD fMRI data. However, unconstrained estimation of the HRF can yield highly unstable results when the number of free parameters is large. We develop a method for the joint estimation of activation and HRF by means of a rank constraint, forcing the estimated HRF to be equal across events or experimental conditions, yet permitting it to differ across voxels. Model estimation leads to an optimization problem that we propose to solve with an efficient quasi-Newton method, exploiting fast gradient computations. This model, called GLM with Rank-1 constraint (R1-GLM), can be extended to the setting of GLM with separate designs which has been shown to improve decoding accuracy in brain activity decoding experiments. We compare 10 different HRF modeling methods in terms of encoding and decoding scores on two different datasets. Our results show that the R1-GLM model outperforms competing methods in both encoding and decoding settings, positioning it as an attractive method both from the points of view of accuracy and computational efficiency.

55 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 May 1986
TL;DR: A GOMS theory of stimulus-response compatibility is shown to predict response-time performance on a command/abbreviation encoding task and zero-parameter predictions were made that fit the observed performance with r2 = 0.776.
Abstract: A GOMS theory of stimulus-response compatibility is shown to predict response-time performance on a command/abbreviation encoding task. Working with parameters that were set by an earlier study and which have rational, task-meaningful interpretations as mapping, motor, perception and retrieval operators, zero-parameter predictions were made that fit the observed performance with r2 = 0.776 (p

55 citations

Patent
08 Nov 2006
TL;DR: Adaptive time/frequency-based audio encoding and decoding apparatuses and methods are presented in this paper, where acoustic characteristics and a voicing model are simultaneously applied to a frame, which is an audio compression processing unit.
Abstract: Adaptive time/frequency-based audio encoding and decoding apparatuses and methods. The encoding apparatus includes a transformation & mode determination unit to divide an input audio signal into a plurality of frequency-domain signals and to select a time-based encoding mode or a frequency-based encoding mode for each respective frequency-domain signal, an encoding unit to encode each frequency-domain signal in the respective encoding mode, and a bitstream output unit to output encoded data, division information, and encoding mode information for each respective frequency-domain signal. In the apparatuses and methods, acoustic characteristics and a voicing model are simultaneously applied to a frame, which is an audio compression processing unit. As a result, a compression method effective for both music and voice can be produced, and the compression method can be used for mobile terminals that require audio compression at a low bit rate.

55 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Encoding processes indexed by ERPs may have primarily reflected encoding of the visual and semantic properties of these words, stressing item memory over source memory, to demonstrate neural differences between source and item memory.

55 citations

Patent
12 Aug 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a video/audio media player supports various flash memory cards, and includes several flash memory card sockets, a digital signal processor, a microprocessor, a transfer interface, a video encoding unit, and an audio decoding unit.
Abstract: A video/audio media player supports various flash memory cards, and includes several flash memory card sockets, a digital signal processor, a microprocessor, a transfer interface, a video encoding unit, and an audio decoding unit to access various flash memory cards. It supports USB and 1394 interfaces, and can be independently used in HDTVs, PCs, or Hi-Fi Systems for video steam encoding/decoding, digital/analog data conversion, etc. It enhances the interoperability of flash memory cards and brings convenience to video/audio data transfer.

55 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,083
20222,253
2021450
2020378
2019358
2018363