Endoscopic ultrasound

About: Endoscopic ultrasound is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7991 publications have been published within this topic receiving 134894 citations. The topic is also known as: endosonography.

Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities

Abstract: Esophageal cancer is a serious malignancy with regards to mortality and prognosis. It is a growing health concern that is expected to increase in incidence over the next 10 years. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer worldwide, with a higher incidence in developing nations. With the increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity in developed nations, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has dramatically increased in the past 40 years. Esophageal cancer is staged according to the widely accepted TNM system. Staging plays an integral part in guiding stage specific treatment protocols and has a great impact on overall survival. Common imaging modalities used in staging include computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasound and positron emission tomography scans. Current treatment options include multimodality therapy mainstays of current treatment include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Tumor markers of esophageal cancer are an advancing area of research that could potentially lead to earlier diagnosis as well as playing a part in assessing tumor response to therapy.

Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy: a large single centre experience.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) is a recent innovation in the evaluation of gastrointestinal and pulmonary malignancies. AIMS To review the experience with EUS-FNA of a large single centre. METHODS 333 consecutive patients underwent EUS-FNA. Follow up data were available on 327 lesions in 317 patients, including 160 lymph nodes, 144 pancreatic lesions, 15 extraintestinal masses, and eight intramural tumours. RESULTS A primary diagnosis of malignancy was obtained by EUS-FNA in 62% of patients with clinically suspicious lesions. The overall accuracy of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of malignancy was 86%, with sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 96%. With respect to lesion types, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 85%, 100%, and 89% for lymph nodes; 82%, 100%, and 85% for pancreatic lesions; 88%, 100%, and 90% for perirectal masses; and 50%, 25%, and 38% for intramural lesions, respectively. Compared with size and sonographic criteria, EUS-FNA in the evaluation of lymph nodes provided superior accuracy and specificity, without compromising sensitivity. Inadequate specimens were obtained from only six patients, including 3/5 with stromal tumors. Only one complication occurred. CONCLUSIONS EUS-FNA is safe and can readily obtain tissue specimens adequate for cytopathological diagnoses. Compared with size and sonographic criteria, it is a superior modality for the detection of nodal metastases. While providing accurate diagnosis of pancreatic and perirectal malignancies, results suggest the technique is less useful for intramural lesions.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided bilioduodenal anastomosis: a new technique for biliary drainage.

Abstract: Endoscopic biliary stenting is the most common method of treating obstructive jaundice. We present a new technique of biliary drainage using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS-guided puncture of the common bile duct (CBD). A 56-year-old man with obstructive jaundice was referred for EUS and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) because a computed tomography (CT) scan had shown a pancreatic mass in the head of the pancreas and a dilated CBD. The patient was enrolled in a preoperative chemoradiotherapy protocol and biliary stenting was required. Deep cannulation was not obtained even after a precut and the procedure was stopped. Using a therapeutic EUS scope (FG 38X Pentax), the CBD was punctured with a 5-F needle-knife under EUS guidance and a cholangiogram was obtained. A 0.35-inch guide wire was introduced into the CBD. The EUS scope was removed and a duodenoscope was introduced, allowing the placement through the duodenum of a 10-F plastic stent. The CBD was drained properly. No complication occurred.

Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology

Abstract: VOLUME ONESECTION I Contrast Media Pharmacology Barium Studies: Principles of Single Contrast Diagnosis Barium Studies: Principles of Double Contrast Diagnosis Pictorial Glossary of Double Contrast Radiology Ultrasonography of the Hollow Viscera Computed Tomography of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Techniques and Principles of Interpretation Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hollow Viscera Angiography and Interventional Radiology of the Hollow Viscera SECTION II: ABDOMINAL PLAIN FILM Technique and Normal Anatomy Gas and Soft Tissue Abnormalities Abdominal Calcifications SECTION III: PHARYNX Pharynx: Normal Anatomy and Techniques Abnormalities of Pharyngeal Function Structural Abnormalities Imaging the Postoperative Neck SECTION IV: UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT - TECHNIQUE AND NORMAL ANATOMY Barium Studies Endoscopic Ultrasound Scintigraphic Evaluation SECTION V: ESOPHAGUS Motility Disorders Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease Infectious Esophagitis Other Esophagitides Benign Tumors Esophageal Carcinoma Other Malignant Tumors Varices Miscellaneous Abnormalities Gastroesophageal Junction Postoperative Esophagus Esophagus: Differential Diagnosis SECTION VI: STOMACH AND DUODENUMPeptic Ulcers Inflammatory Conditions Benign Tumors Carcinoma Other Malignant Tumors Miscellaneous Abnormalities Postoperative Stomach and Duodenum Stomach and Duodenum: Differential Diagnosis SECTION VII: SMALL BOWEL Barium Examinations Crohns Disease Infections and other Inflammatory Conditions Malabsorption Benign Tumors Malignant Tumors Small Bowel Obstruction Vascular Disorders Postoperative Small Intestine Miscellaneous Disorders Small Bowel: Differential Diagnosis SECTION VIII: COLON Barium Studies Evacuation Proctography Diverticular Disease Ulcerative and Granulomatous Colitis: Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Other Inflammatory Condtitions Polyps and Cancer Other Tumors Polyposis Syndromes Miscellaneous Disorders Disorders of the Appendix Postoperative Colon The Colon: Differential Diagnosis VOLUME TWO SECTION IX: GENERAL RADIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES Computed Tomography of the Abdomen and Pelvis Ultrasound Examination of the Solid Abdominal Viscera Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Solid Parenchymal Organs Scintigraphic Imagign of the Solid Abdominal Organs: General Principles Techniques of Percutaneous Tissue Acquisition Abdominal Abscess SECTION X: GALLBLADDER AND BILIARY TRACT Examination Techniques and Normal Anatomy Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Nuclear Medicine Anomalies and Anatomic Variants of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis, and Choledocholithiasis Interventional Radiology of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Adenomatosis and Cholesterolosis: The Hyperplastic Cholecystoses Neoplasms Noncalculous Inflammatory Disorders of the Biliary Tract Postsurgical and Traumatic Lesions of the Biliary Tract The Gallbladder and Biliary Tract: Differential Diagnosis SECTION XI: LIVER Normal Anatomy and Examination Techniques Radionuclide Imaging of the Liver and Spleen Angiography and Interventional Radiography of the Liver Anomalies and Anatomic Variants of the Liver Benign Liver Tumors Malignant Liver Tumors Focal Hepatic Infections Diffuse Liver Disease Vascular Disorders of the Liver and Splanchnic Circulation Hepatic Trauma and Surgery Hepatic Transplantation The Liver: Differential Diagnosis SECTION XII: PANCREAS Normal Anatomy and Examination Techniques Angiography and Interventional Radiology of the Pancreas Anomalies and Anatomic Variants of the Pancreas Pancreatitis Pancreatic Neoplasms Pancreatic Trauma and Surgery Pancreatic Transplantation The Pancreas: Differential Diagnosis SECTION XII: SPLEEN Normal Anatomy and Examination Techniques Angiography and Interventional Radiology of the Spleen Anomalies and Anatomic Variants of the Spleen Benign Splenic Lesions Malignant Splenic Lesions Splenic Trauma and Surgery The Spleen: Differential Diagnosis SECTION XIV: PERITONEAL CAVITY, OMENTUM, AND ABDOMINAL WALL Normal Anatomy and Examination Techniques Pathways of Abdominal and Pelvic Disease Spread Ascites and Peritoneal Fluid Collections Mesenteric and Omental Lesions Abdominal and Pelvic Hernias Anterior Abdominal Wall SECTION XV: PEDIATRIC DISEASES Applied Embryology of the Gastrointestinal Tract Pediatric Gastrointestinal Radiology: An Approach to the Child Neonatal Gastrointestinal Radiology Diseases of the Pediatric Esophagus Diseases of the Pediatric Stomach and Duodenum Diseases of the Pediatric Small Bowel Diseases of the Pediatric Colon Diseases Involving Multiple Areas of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Children Diseases of the Pediatric Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Diseases of the Pediatric Liver Diseases of the Pediatric Pancreas Diseases of the Pediatric Spleen Diseases of the Pediatric Abdominal Wall, Peritoneum, and Mesentery SECTION XVI: COMMON CLINICAL PROBLEMS Acute Abdomen: The Impact of Computed Tomography and Sonography Foreign Bodies in the Alimentary Tract Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Iatrogenic Gastrointestinal Disorders Jaundice Abdominal Trauma