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Endosperm
About: Endosperm is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 8774 publications have been published within this topic receiving 282070 citations.
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TL;DR: The authors isolated mutations in Arabidopsis to understand how the female gametophyte controls embryo and endosperm development and identified the DEMETER (DME) gene, which is required for maternal allele expression of the imprinted MEDEA (MEA) Polycomb gene in the central cell andendosperm.
740 citations
TL;DR: Almost the entire endosperm genome is demethylated, coupled with extensive local non-CG hypermethylation of small interfering RNA–targeted sequences, indicating that CG demethylation is specific to maternal sequences.
Abstract: Parent-of-origin-specific (imprinted) gene expression is regulated in Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm by cytosine demethylation of the maternal genome mediated by the DNA glycosylase DEMETER, but the extent of the methylation changes is not known Here, we show that virtually the entire endosperm genome is demethylated, coupled with extensive local non-CG hypermethylation of small interfering RNA–targeted sequences Mutation of DEMETER partially restores endosperm CG methylation to levels found in other tissues, indicating that CG demethylation is specific to maternal sequences Endosperm demethylation is accompanied by CHH hypermethylation of embryo transposable elements Our findings demonstrate extensive reconfiguration of the endosperm methylation landscape that likely reinforces transposon silencing in the embryo
661 citations
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Regulation de l'expression genique durant la germination de caryopses de cereales; contribution non seulement de l-aleurone mais aussi du scutellum dans the mobilisation of l'albumen.
Abstract: Regulation de l'expression genique durant la germination de caryopses de cereales; contribution non seulement de l'aleurone mais aussi du scutellum dans la mobilisation de l'albumen
616 citations
TL;DR: Three proteins from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds which synergistically inhibit the growth of fungi measured in a microtiter well assay are purified and their biological roles and potential use in genetic engineering studies are discussed.
611 citations
TL;DR: Starch exists inside the endosperm of cereals enmeshed in a protein matrix, which is particularly strong in sorghum and corn, and both the starch granules and the protein matrix around them are more digestible in waxy grain.
Abstract: Starch exists inside the endosperm of cereals enmeshed in a protein matrix, which is particularly strong in sorghum and corn. Starch digestibility is affected by the plant species, the extent of starch-protein interaction, the physical form of the granule, inhibitors such as tannins, and the type of starch. Among the cereals, sorghum generally has the lowest starch digestibility. The resistance to digestive action of the hard peripheral endosperm layer is largely responsible for this effect. Processing methods such as steam-flaking and reconstitution are effective in raising sorghum digestibility to near that of corn. Waxy sorghum shows consistently higher feeding value than normal sorghum. Both the starch granules and the protein matrix around them are more digestible in waxy grain. The development of new heterowaxy or waxy sorghum hybrids may further increase sorghum feed efficiency.
607 citations