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Enlightenment

About: Enlightenment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6845 publications have been published within this topic receiving 116832 citations.


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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors question what the enlightened state might be, and might not be, or in what context one might view it, and start a discussion of what enlightenment really is.
Abstract: This is not a comprehensive article about what enlightenment is. I actually question what the enlightened state might be, and might not be, or in what context one might view it. For too long we have accepted a general definition of enlightenment as it was traditionally passed on. When one starts to ask questions, it becomes much more complicated, but also more interesting. I think it is high time to start a discussion of what enlightenment really is.

539 citations

Book
01 Jan 1951
TL;DR: For instance, in this paper, the authors discuss the Dogma of Original Sin, the Problem of Theodicy, and the foundation of natural religion. But they do not discuss the relationship between these concepts and their application in the social sciences.
Abstract: FOREWORD vii PREFACE xi Chapter I. THE MIND OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT 3 Chapter II. NATURE AND NATURAL SCIENCE 37 Chapter III. PSYCHOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGY 93 Chapter IV. RELIGION 134 I. The Dogma of Original Sin and the Problem of Theodicy 137 II. Tolerance and the Foundation of Natural Religion 160 III. Religion and History 182 Chapter V. THE CONQUEST OF THE HISTORICAL WORLD 197 Chapter VI. LAW, STATE, AND SOCIETY 234 I. Law and the Principle of Inalienable Rights 234 II. The Contract and the Method of the Social Sciences 253 Chapter VII. FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF AESTHETICS 275 I. The Age of Criticism 275 II. Classical Aesthetics and the Objectivity of the Beautiful 278 III. Taste and the Trend toward Subjectivism 297 IV. Intuitional Aesthetics and the Problem of Genius 312 V. Reason and the Imagination: Gottsched and the Swiss Critics 331 VI. The Foundation of Systematic Aesthetics: Baumgarten 338 INDEX 361

524 citations

Book
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this article, Smith and Turgot's Policies against Famine Interpretations of Smith's "Stoicism" Order and Design A Persuasive Device Explanation and Understanding Greatest Possible Values Evolved Orders Two Shortcomings of Liberal Thought 6.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Economic Dispositions The History of Sentiments Civilized and Commercial Society The Unfrightened Mind Two Kinds of Enlightenment The Devil Himself Heroic Dispositions A Sort of Inner Shuddering The Cold Light of Reason and the Warmth of Economic Life Seeing the State as in a Picture Indulgence and Indifference The Light of History The Enlightenment and the Present 2. Adam Smith and Conservative Economics This Famous Philosopher Scotland in the 1790s Economic and Political Freedom The Liberal Reward of Labor One-Sided Rationalistic Liberalism Smith's Real Sentiments 3. Commerce and the State A Reciprocal Dependence Scarcities, Dearths, and Famines Poverty and General Equilibrium Turgot's Policies against Famine Interpretations of Smith and Turgot The Lapse of Time 4. Apprenticeship and Insecurity A Strange Adventure It Is But Equity, Besides Corporations and Competition Education and Apprenticeship A State of Nonage The Apprenticeship: A Digression on the Slave Trade Uncertain Jurisprudence History and Institutions 5. The Bloody and Invisible Hand The Invisible Hand of Jupiter Tremble, Unfortunate King! Intentions and Interests Political Influence Clerical Systems Smith's "Stoicism" Order and Design A Persuasive Device Explanation and Understanding Greatest Possible Values Evolved Orders Two Shortcomings of Liberal Thought 6. Economic and Political Choice Raton Was Quite Astonished... General Economic Interdependence Giving the Impression of Doing Nothing The Soul Discouraged Poverty, Taxes, and Unsalubrious Factories Formal Methods Social Choice and Economic Procedures Discussions and Constitutions Pelion and Ossa 7. Condorcet and the Conflict of Values Cold, Descriptive Cartesian Reason Diversity and Uniformity The Indissoluble Chain Civilized Conflict Inconsistent Universalism Domestic Virtues The Imaginary Enlightenment The Liberty of Thought and Discussion 8. A Fatherless World A Different Enlightenment Smith and Condorcet Uncertainty and Irresolution A System of Sentiments Civilized Political Discussion Economic Sentiments A World Unrestored Suitable Equality Notes Acknowledgments Index

498 citations

Book
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The first English translation of Koselleck's tour de force demonstrates a chronological breadth, a philosophical depth, and an originality which are hardly equalled in any scholarly domain this paper.
Abstract: Critique and Crisis established Reinhart Koselleck's reputation as the most important German intellectual historian of the postwar period. This first English translation of Koselleck's tour de force demonstrates a chronological breadth, a philosophical depth, and an originality which are hardly equalled in any scholarly domain. It is a history of the Enlightenment in miniature, fundamental to our understanding of that period and its consequences.Like Tocqueville, Koselleck views Enlightenment intellectuals as an uprooted, unrealistic group of onlookers who sowed the seeds of the modern political tensions that first flowered in the French Revolution. He argues that it was the split that developed between state and society during the Enlightenment that fostered the emergence of this intellectual elite divorced from the realities of politics.Koselleck describes how this disjunction between political authority proper and its subjects led to private spheres that later became centers of moral authority and, eventually, models for political society that took little or no notice of the constraints under which politicians must inevitably work. In this way progressive bourgeois philosophy, which seemed to offer the promise of a unified and peaceful world, in fact produced just the opposite.The book provides a wealth of examples drawn from all of Europe to illustrate the still relevant message that we evade the constraints and the necessities of the political realm at our own risk.Reinhart Koselleck is Professor of the Theory of History at the University of Bielefeld and author of Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time. Critique and Crisis is included in the series Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought, edited by Thomas McCarthy.

469 citations

BookDOI
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Teich as mentioned in this paper discusses the political radicalism in the Austrian Enlightenment and the politics of American nature in the context of Czechoslovakia, and the Czech Republic from darkness into light.
Abstract: Preface 1. The Enlightenment in England Roy Porter 2. The Scottish Enlightenment Nicholas Phillipson 3. The Enlightenment in France Norman Hampson 4. The Enlightenment in the Netherlands Simon Schama 5. The Enlightenment in Switzerland Samuel S. B. Taylor 6. The Italian Enlightenment Owen Chadwick 7. The Protestant Enlightenment in Germany Joachim Whaley 8. The Enlightenment in Catholic Germany T. C. W. Blanning 9. Reform Catholicism and political radicalism in the Austrian Enlightenment Ernst Wangermann 10. Bohemia: from darkness into light Mikulas Teich 11. The Enlightenment in Sweden Tore Frangsmyr 12. The Russian Enlightenment Paul Dukes 13. Enlightenment and the politics of American nature J. R. Pole Afterword Mikulas Teich Notes to the text Further reading Index.

439 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
2023965
20222,158
202181
2020179
2019214