Showing papers on "Enone published in 2002"

Direct Generation of Nucleophilic Chiral Palladium Enolate from 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds: Catalytic Enantioselective Michael Reaction with Enones

Abstract: Generation of chiral palladium enolates from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with the palladium aqua complex and its application to the highly efficient catalytic enantioselective Michael reaction with enones are described The palladium aqua complexes are likely to supply Bronsted base and Bronsted acid successively during the reaction The former activates the carbonyl compounds to give chiral palladium enolates, and the latter cooperatively activates enones Using a catalytic amount (2−10 mol %) of the palladium complexes, the various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds including diketones and β-ketoesters were converted to the desired Michael adducts in good yields (69−92%) with excellent enantiomeric excesses (89−99% ee)

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to α,β-Unsaturated Enones Using Novel Imidazoline Catalysts

Abstract: A new catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to acyclic α,β-unsaturated enones catalyzed by novel organic catalysts has been developed. A series of chiral amines has been tested as catalysts for the addition of 2-nitropropane to benzylideneacetone, and it is found that a novel imidazoline catalyst, prepared from phenylalanine, can catalyze a highly enantioselective 1,4-addition reaction. The reaction of various acyclic and cyclic nitroalkanes was found to proceed well with enantioselectivities up to 86% ee, and enantiopure products can be obtained by recrystallization. The potential of the reaction is documented by the reaction of a series of substituted α,β-unsaturated enones with different nitroalkanes. Furthermore, the synthetic applicability of the reaction is demonstrated by the formation of optically active functionalized pyrrolines and pyrrolidines by reductive amination of the products. On the basis of the absolute configuration of the conjugate addition products, the mechan...

Organocatalytic Michael cycloisomerization of bis(enones): the intramolecular Rauhut-Currier reaction.

Abstract: The utilization of enones as latent enolates enables regioselective enolate formation from chemically robust presursors. In this communication, we report a catalytic Michael cycloisomerization of bis(enones) under Morita−Baylis−Hillman conditions. Upon exposure to 10 mol % tributylphosphine, bis(enone) substrates afford both five- and six-membered ring products. Notably, unsymmetrical bis(enones) possessing sufficient steric or electronic bias yield single isomeric products.

Synthesis of (-)-morphine.

Abstract: The preparation of the diastereomerically pure beta-tetralone ketal 4 is reported. Intramolecular alkylidene C-H insertion followed by hydrolysis of 4 proceeded to give the enantiomerically pure cyclopentene 15. The key step in this synthesis was the bis-intramolecular cyclization of keto aldehyde 2 to give the tetracyclic intermediate 20. Enone 20 was converted over several steps to (-)-morphine 1.

A novel chelation-assisted hydroesterification of alkenes via ruthenium catalysis.

Abstract: An efficient and catalytic protocol of hydroesterification of alkenes has been developed without a need for CO atmosphere. With the introduction of the 2-pyridyl moiety as a chelating group in formate, Ru3(CO)12-catalyzed activation of the formyl C−H bond of formate and subsequent addition of the intermediate to alkenes proceeded with almost complete suppression of decarbonylation. Stereoselectivity of the produced one-carbon elongated esters was good to excellent for the formation of the linear adduct depending on the bulkiness of the alkenes used. This procedure could be readily applied to a variety of olefins such as terminal, internal, cyclic, bicyclic, vinyl ether, and conjugated enone systems with high efficiency and selectivity. It was also amenable to a solvent-free condition. On the basis of the chelation-driven C−H bond activation of formate, a putative mechanism of the Ru-catalyzed hydroesterification of 2-pyridylmethyl formate has been proposed.

Diastereoselective cycloreductions and cycloadditions catalyzed by Co(dpm)(2)-silane (dpm = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate): mechanism and partitioning of hydrometallative versus anion radical pathways.

Abstract: In the presence of phenylsilane and 5 mol % cobalt(II) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate), aryl-substituted monoenone monoaldehydes and bis(enones) undergo reductive cyclization to afford syn-aldol and anti-Michael products, respectively. For both aldol and Michael cycloreductions, five- and six-membered ring formation occurs in good yield with high levels of diastereoselectivity. Cycloreduction of monoenone monoaldehyde 1a in the presence of d3-phenylsilane reveals incorporation of a single deuterium at the enone β-position as an equimolar mixture of epimers, inferring rapid isomerization of the kinetically formed cobalt enolate prior to cyclization. The deuterated product was characterized by single-crystal neutron diffraction analysis. For bis(enone) substrates, modulation of the silane source enables partitioning of the competitive Michael cycloreduction and [2 + 2] cycloaddition manifolds. A study of para-substituted acetophenone-derived bis(enones) reveals that substrate electronic features...

Electrophilic Diamination of Alkenes by Using FeCl3−PPh3 Complex as the Catalyst

Abstract: The FeCl(3)-PPh(3) complex was found to effectively catalyze the electrophilic diamination reaction of electron-deficient alkenes. Improvements on yields and stereoselectivity have been achieved for both alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic esters and ketones. Under the new catalytic system, alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic esters were found to be superior to their ketone counterparts, which is opposite to the previous (C(3)F(7)CO(2))(2)Rh](2)-catalyzed diamination. The reaction employs readily available N,N-dichloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (TsNCl(2)) and acetonitrile as the nitrogen sources and is very easy to perform at room temperature without the special protection of inert gases. The resulting diamino products belong to imidazolidine analogue and can further strengthen the importance of the new reaction. Modest to good yields (52-84%) and high regio- and stereoselectivity have been achieved for 10 examples.

Synthesis of substituted quinolines using the dianion addition of N-Boc-anilines and alpha-tolylsulfonyl-alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones.

Abstract: A short and versatile synthesis of substituted quinolines is provided. Alkylation of sodium tolylsulfinate with bromomethyl- or chloromethyl ketones generates beta-keto sulfones. Knoevenagel condensation of the beta-keto sulfones with an aldehyde provides alpha-tolylsulfonyl-alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. Michael addition of the dianion of N-Boc-anilines in the presence of CuCN and LiCl with the unsaturated ketone generates a 1,4-adduct, which after deprotection of the Boc group and thermal elimination of the tolyl sulfone provides the quinoline.

2-pyridones from cyanoacetamides and enecarbonyl compounds: application to the synthesis of nothapodytine B.

Abstract: The condensation of an enone or enal with cyanoacetamide derivatives and t-BuOK furnishes either 3-cyano-2-pyridones or 3-unsubstituted-2-pyridones, depending on whether the reaction is carried out in the presence or in the absence of O2. In the first case, in situ oxidation of Michael-type intermediates takes place; in the second case, the products result from “decyanidative aromatization” of such intermediates. A one-step synthesis of 3-alkyl-2-pyridones has been devised on the basis of decyanative union of an enone/enal and a 2-alkylcyanoacetamide. The new reaction forms the centerpiece of an unusually concise synthesis of nothapodytine B (mappicine ketone).

Diastereoselective Diels-Alder reactions of α-fluorinated α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds: Chemical consequences of fluorine substitution. 2

Abstract: Two alpha-fluoro alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, i.e., benzyl 2-fluoroacrylate (3) and 2-fluorooct-1-en-3-one (4), as well as the corresponding nonfluorinated parent compounds, were synthesized and subjected to Diels-Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene. The cycloadditions were conducted thermally, microwave-assisted, and Lewis acid-mediated (TiCl(4)). The fluorinated dienophiles exhibited a lower reactivity and exo diastereoselectivity, while the corresponding nonfluorinated parent compounds reacted endo selectively. DFT calculations suggest that kinetic effects of fluorine determine the stereoselectivity rather than higher thermodynamic stability of the exo products.

Design and synthesis of tricyclic compounds with enone functionalities in rings A and C: a novel class of highly active inhibitors of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages.

Abstract: Novel tricyclic compounds with enone functionalities in rings A and C, which were designed on the basis of the structure of a synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid, have been synthesized. Among them, 10 shows high inhibitory activity (IC(50) = 1 nM level) against production of nitric oxide induced by interferon-gamma in mouse macrophages and is orally active at 15 mg/kg (once) in a preliminary in vivo study using mouse peritoneal inflammation induced by thioglycollate and interferon-gamma.

Chiral Amino Ether-Controlled Catalytic Enantioselective Arylthiol Conjugate Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Esters and Ketones: Scope, Structural Requirements, and Mechanistic Implications

Abstract: Asymmetric conjugate addition reaction of 2-trimethylsilylbenzenethiol with enoates and enones is catalyzed by a chiral amino ether-lithium thiolate complex and affords adducts with high enantioselectivity. Both the s-cis conformation and a steric wall at one side of the carbonyl group are structural requirements in substrates yielding adducts with high enantioselectivity. Reactions with tert-butyl enones gave addition products with high enantioselectivity. Construction of two contiguous chiral centers was possible by this addition-protonation sequence. Methyl tiglate was stereoselectively converted to a single syn-adduct of 95% enantiomeric excess (ee) bearing two contiguous chiral centers. Methyl 2-phenyl-2-butenoate was converted to a single syn-adduct of 95% ee, which was desulfurized to methyl 2-phenylbutanoate of 95% ee. These additions generate a transient lithium enolate that is protonated by a thiol anti to the C-S bond, giving the corresponding product having two adjacent stereocenters.

Palladium/Me3SiOTf-Catalyzed bis-silylation of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds without involving oxidative addition of disilane

Abstract: In the presence of a catalytic amount of Me(3)SiOTf and palladium(0), the addition of disilane to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds proceeds under very mild conditions via eta(3)-siloxyallylpalladium generated by the reaction of enone, enal, or aromatic aldehyde with palladium and Me(3)SiOTf.

Tandem Enantioselective Conjugate Addition−Cyclopropanation. Application to Natural Products Synthesis

Abstract: A tandem asymmetric conjugate addition-cyclopropanation was developed, in which a cyclic or linear enone was converted to a TMS-protected 3-substituted-cyclopropanol in an efficient one-pot reaction. These compounds were then selectively cleaved to yield alpha-methyl-beta-alkyl ketones, alpha-methylene-enones, or chain extended gamma-alkyl-enones. This methodology was applied to the formal total synthesis of (-)-(S,S)-clavukerin A and (+)-(R,S)-isoclavukerin.

A new protocol for a regioselective aldol condensation as an alternative convenient synthesis of beta-ketols and alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones.

Abstract: A general and convenient synthesis of beta-ketols and alpha,beta-alkenones has been achieved by a Knoevenagel condensation of a beta-ketoacid with an aldehyde in aqueous medium. Saponification of a beta-ketoester by an aqueous KOH 10% solution gives the potassium salt of the beta-ketoacid, which is condensed in situ with an aldehyde at pH 7.8-8.0, at 60 degrees C for 5-6 h. The intermediate beta-ketocarboxylate is smoothly decarboxylated in the reaction medium, giving the beta-ketol in high yield (75-90%). Acidification of the reaction mixture at pH 1 and heating at 70 degrees C under vigorous stirring for 6 h, leads directly to the corresponding alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone in good yield (65-75%).

A New Method for Installation of Aryl and Alkenyl Groups onto a Cyclopentene Ring and Synthesis of Prostaglandins

Abstract: To construct a new strategy for synthesis of cyclopentanoids, the transition metal-catalyzed coupling reaction of cis 4-cyclopentene-1,3-diol monoacetate 1 with hard nucleophiles, RT−m, was investigated (eq 1 in Chart 1). Although preliminary experiments using PhZnCl, PhSnMe3, [Ph-B(Me)(OCH(Me)CH(Me)O)]-Li+ (6a) (derived from boronate ester 4a (RT = Ph) and MeLi) in the presence of a palladium or a nickel catalyst resulted in production of unidentified compounds, enone 16, and/or ketone 17 or recovery of 1, a new borate 5a (derived from 4a and n-BuLi) in the presence of a nickel catalyst (NiCl2(PPh3)2) in THF at room temperature furnished the trans coupling products 2a (RT = Ph) and 3a (RT = Ph) in high combined yield, but with a low product ratio of 0.9:1. The ratio was improved to 13:1 by addition of t-BuCN and NaI into the reaction mixture. This is the first successful example of the reaction of 1 with a hard nucleophile, and the increase in the ratio, realized with the additives, is unprecedented. Thi...

Synthesis of azapolycyclic systems via the intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition chemistry of 2-(alkylthio)-5-amidofurans.

Abstract: A series of 2-(methylthio)-5-amidofurans containing tethered unsaturation were prepared via the reaction of dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate (DMTSF) with β-alkoxy-γ-dithiane amides 13−16 and 27−32 in 40−70% yield. Thermolysis of these furans resulted in an intramolecular Diels−Alder reaction (IMDAF). With the exception of 45 and 46, the oxa-bridged cycloadducts could not be isolated but immediately underwent a 1,2-methylthio shift to form bicyclic lactams in 60−100% yield. It was determined that incorporation of the amido carbonyl in the tether allowed the IMDAF reaction to proceed at a lower temperature. A dramatic example of this is seen in the IMDAF reaction of furan 35, in which the presence of an amido carbonyl as part of the dienophile tether, as opposed to the annealed ring (66) or the lack of a carbonyl (67), was necessary for the cycloaddition to occur. Furan 37, annealed to an azepine ring, underwent the IMDAF reaction at or below room temperature. To identify structural features ...

A short and efficient stereoselective synthesis of all four diastereomers of sphingosine

Abstract: Practical syntheses of all four stereomers of sphingosine from serine have been achieved through highly diastereoselective reduction of the N-trityl protected α′-amino enone derivative 5 with NaBH4 and reduction of the free α′-amino enone derivative 7 with Zn(BH4)2.

α-(N-Carbamoyl)alkylcuprate Chemistry in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles

Abstract: The conjugate adducts obtained via coupling of α-(N-carbamoyl)alkylcuprates with α,β-ynoates, α-allenyl esters, or α,β-enoates or enimides undergo N-Boc deprotection and cyclization onto the ester functionality upon treatment with PhOH/TMSCl, catecholboron bromide, or trimethylsilyl triflate. This two-pot sequence provides synthetic routes to 4-alkylidinepyrrolidine-2-ones, 4-alkylidinepyrrolizidin-2-ones, and 4-alkylidineindolizidin-2-ones via allenyl esters; pyrrolin-2-ones, tetrahydropyrrolizin-2-ones, and tetrahydroindolizin-2-ones via α,β-ynoates; pyrrolidin-2-ones, pyrrolizidin-2-ones, and indolizidin-2-ones via α,β-enoates or α,β-enimides. The reluctance of γ-carbamoyl-α,β-enoates to undergo E/Z isomerization requires the use of (Z)-β-iodo-α,β-enoates readily prepared by the addition of HI to the alkynyl esters for the efficient preparation of pyrrolinones, tetrahydropyrrolizinones, and tetrahydroindolizinones. Utilization of ω-functionalized α,β-ynoates or β-iodo-α,β-enoates allows for cyclization...

Cobalt carbonyl-mediated carbocyclizations of enynes: generation of bicyclooctanones or monocyclic alkenes.

Abstract: Depending on the thermolytic conditions, dicobalthexacarbonyl-complexed enynes underwent cyclizations to provide different carbocyclic frameworks. Bicyclopentanones were formed from enyne−Co2(CO)6 complexes, or from enynes that were treated with Co2(CO)8, or more effectively, with Co4(CO)12 in an alcoholic solvent under a H2 or N2 atmosphere. This transformation proceeded via a sequential cyclocarbonylation and 1,4-reduction and is the first account using the cobalt carbonyl cluster. Under these conditions a cobalt hydride was presumably generated, which mediated reduction of the enone to the saturated ketone. In contrast, thermolysis of dicobalthexacarbonyl-complexed enynes under a hydrogen atmosphere in toluene resulted in their reductive cyclization to form monocyclic alkenes in moderate yields, in addition to the bicyclopentenone product. In some cases, addition of a hydrosilane to the reaction induced a complete suppression of the bicyclopentenone formation. While the former results demonstrate a rea...

Formation of Vinyl Halides via a Ruthenium-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling

Abstract: The ruthenium-catalyzed three-component coupling of an alkyne, an enone, and halide ion to form E- or Z-vinyl halides has been investigated. Through systematic optimization experiments, the conditions effecting the olefin selectivity were examined. In general, more polar solvents such as DMF favored the formation of the E-isomer, and less polar solvents such as acetone favored formation of the Z-isomer. The optimized conditions for the formation of E-vinyl chlorides were found to be the use of cyclopentadienyl ruthenium (II) cyclooctadiene chloride, stannic chloride pentahydrate as a cocatalyst, and for a chloride source, either ammonium chloride in DMF/water mixtures or tetramethylammonium chloride in DMF. A range of several other ruthenium (II) catalysts was also shown to be effective. A wide variety of vinyl chlorides could be formed under these conditions. Substrates with tethered alcohols or ketones either five or six carbons from the alkyne portion gave instead diketone or cyclohexenone products. Fo...

Lewis Acid Controlled Regioselective 1,2 and 1,4 Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with TiIV Enolates Derived from α‐Diazo β‐Keto Carbonyl Compounds

Abstract: The addition of nucleophiles to , -unsaturated carbonyl compounds is a fundamental transformation in organic synthesis. Since there are two reaction sites in the , -unsaturated carbonyl functional group, this addition reaction can only be of practical synthetic utility in organic synthesis if one seems particularly appealing for large-scale operations and for different substrates; with the emergence of a considerable number of new RTILs,[3, 11] it should be possible to design RTILs with high selectivity for specific substrates. The possibility of using nonpolar solvents with high boiling points or water instead of diethyl ether, and supported RTIL in hollow-fiber membranes will allow this technology to reinforce its environmentally benign character and become attractive for industrial application.