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Showing papers on "Enterprise software published in 1991"



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1991
TL;DR: The preliminary experimental results suggest that this divide-and-conquer strategy, leading to cognitive models that are buildable and maintainable by end-users, is a viable approach to real-world distributed artificial intelligence.
Abstract: The authors present a framework in which human and intelligent agents (IAs) can interact to facilitate the information flow and decision making in real-world enterprises. Underlying the framework is the notion of an enterprise model that is built by dividing complex enterprise operations into a collection of elementary tasks or activities. Each such task is then modeled in cognitive terms and entrusted to an IA for execution. Tasks that require human involvement are referred to the appropriate person through their personal assistant, a special type of IA that knows how to communicate both with humans, through multimedia interfaces, and with other IAs and the shared knowledge base. The computer-aided software engineering tools supported by a library of activity models permit every individual in an enterprise to model the activities with which they are personally most familiar. The preliminary experimental results suggest that this divide-and-conquer strategy, leading to cognitive models that are buildable and maintainable by end-users, is a viable approach to real-world distributed artificial intelligence. >

140 citations


Book
01 Jun 1991
TL;DR: The first steps managing the enterprise are the on-going process management and the larger enterprise public and voluntary enterprise personal development group work networks and information individuality, enterprise and the future as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Images of enterprise the entrepreneurial economy the enterprise support system building an enterprise managing an enterprise - the first steps managing the enterprise - the on-going process management and the larger enterprise public and voluntary enterprise personal development group work networks and information individuality, enterprise and the future.

87 citations


Book
01 May 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a signaling system which consists of three major components: a performance evaluation system, a performance information system, and an incentive system, in which the welfare of managers and workers is linked to national welfare by a pecuniary or non-pecuniary bonus system.
Abstract: Performance evaluation is not a simple task in private enterprises and it is all the more complicated in public enterprises. This paper emphasizes three main points: (a) a public enterprise must be evaluated; (b) a public enterprise must not be evaluated like a private enterprise; and (c) a public enterprise should be evaluated by starting with private profit and making a series of adjustments to make it fair to the nation and to managers. This paper suggests introducing a signaling system which consists of three major components. The first is a performance evaluation system, in which national goals are translated into explicit enterprise objectives and quantified in a performance criterion. The second is a performance information system, in which actual achievements are monitored. The third is an incentive system, in which the welfare of managers and workers is linked to national welfare by a pecuniary or non-pecuniary bonus system based on achievement of particular target values of the criterion variables. The paper proposes a phased system of implementation stressing how performance evaluation must be the product of an evolutionary process involving both enterprise managers and government supervisors.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the existence of more or less dense business communities of which all these enterprises are a part, and define the institutional and informal networks which make up each of these communities, in order to elaborate a typology of enterprise systems.
Abstract: At the very source of economic theory, Adam Smith showed that the main feature of economic growth was the division of labour. With his example of the pin factory, he insisted on the division of labour within each enterprise, thus giving a foretaste of the Tayloristic model. Adam Smith, however, also leaves open the possibility of a division of labour between enterprises. Later, Alfred Marshall would recognize the importance of mutual exchanges of information between enterprises within ‘industrial districts’. At the present time, we can see a great number of small enterprise systems, whose structure represents an advantage for each enterprise in their attempt to adapt to the trends on the world market. This paper intends to highlight the existence of more or less dense business communities of which all these enterprises are a part. An attempt will also be made to define the institutional and informal networks which make up each of these communities, in order to elaborate a typology of enterprise systems.

22 citations


Patent
Masato Tamaki1, Mizuno Yasuhiko1
16 Apr 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and apparatus for defining an enterprise information flow, a matrix having crossed axes and comprising three elements, that is line application activities, staff application activities and external organizations related to the accomplishment of the application activities of the enterprise is generated to permit visual display.
Abstract: In a method and apparatus for defining an enterprise information flow, a matrix having crossed axes and comprising three elements, that is line application activities which are a series of application activities for manufacturing products and/or services in an enterprise, staff application activities which are a series of application activities for maintaining and controlling the manufacture of the products and/or services, and external organizations related to the accomplishment of the application activities of the enterprise is generated to permit visual display. A user inputs information to a framework of the displayed matrix so that information flows between the application activities and between the application activities and the external organizations are defined.

18 citations


Book
01 Jan 1991

18 citations




Book
10 Apr 1991
TL;DR: The vision of the Integrated Enterprise, the evolution of the integrated system, and the Promise of theIntegrated Enterprise Glossary Index.
Abstract: The Vision of the Integrated Enterprise The Evolution of the Integrated System Managing the Integrated Enterprise Overall Architecture Underlying Technologies The Integrated Software Infrastructure Business Computer Systems and Software Engineering and Scientific Computing Networks and Communications Human Interfaces Securing the IIS The Promise of the Integrated Enterprise Glossary Index.

8 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: In this era of funding scarcity it is necessary to improve the stewardship of institutions of higher education in general, and without planning and a vision of what networking can achieve for higher education, the institution may never be pointed in an appropriate direction.
Abstract: The growth of networking-originally conceived to support multi-user access to mainframe systems-has generated an increasing demand to integrate the computing resources in colleges and universities. Today this concept of integrated, campuswide computing may be referred to as "enterprise computing." It's a concept still not widely understood despite the many attempts to provide integrated networks for corporations, universities, governmental agencies and other large organizations. A Vision to Plan By Certain historical factors have impeded the development of true enterprise computing. Some are due more to a lack of management than to a lack of technology-for much of the equipment to implement widespread integration is currently available right off the shelf. The failure of some educational institutions to use information technology well stems from the fact that information systems are not always part of an institution's strategic planning. This resulted in mainframe systems being planned for and controlled by one group of people, terminal-based networks by another, minis by a third and micros by a fourth. And when the modem local-area networks (LANs) started coming in the door, yet another group may have been formed. In addition, most institutions were also slow to adopt campuswide standards for hardware and software, which compounded the problem. And sometimes, even when a willingness to plan for information systems existed, the technology was not quite ready. Today, however, planning for enterprise computing is taking place-sometimes by default and sometimes by design--in many institutions. The reasons why colleges and universities are (or should be) thinking strategically about computing and networking vary. For one thing, in this era of funding scarcity it is necessary to improve the stewardship of institutions of higher education in general. But most importantly, without planning and a vision of what networking can achieve for higher education, the institution may never be pointed in an appropriate direction. With rare exceptions, most institutions would be better off having consolidated, unified and integrated plans for implementing network technology. Defining Enterprise Computing In an effort to provide a comprehensive definition of enterprise computing, let's identify those issues that contribute to such a definition. Enterprise computing means at least the following: * a strategic concern for the total computing needs of the organization; * the ability to do distributed computing using distributed databases; * the capacity for each computing entity on the network to communicate with any other entity as required by the organization; * provisions to protect the integrity of information across the organization (security); * adoption of internal and international standards; * an integrated network management system capable of managing components from multiple vendors; and * enhancements that improve people's capacity to use the system, possibly including: - a common user interface (CUI); - sufficient bandwidth to move multimedia information in a timely fashion; - seamless" and "transparent" interactions among users of diverse computing hardware; and - access to information internal to the organization and acquisition of relevant information that is available on external networks. This characterization purposely omits the specific approaches to enterprise networking suggested by various vendors, who have predictable bias woven into their suggestions. Moreover, much of the essence of enterprise networking is tied up in network management, and the availability of these management resources is still sparse. According to James Herman the "industry has set its sights on open, multi-vendor networks and distributed computing, but missing in action so far are the enterprise management architectures that can integrate diverse and farflung network devices into a cohesive, controllable whole. …

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An emerging enterprise-wide orientation evidenced by comprehensive enterprise modeling supported by a technological architecture that includes computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools may empower knowledge and software engineers greater than ever before.
Abstract: An emerging enterprise-wide orientation evidenced by comprehensive enterprise modeling supported by a technological architecture that includes computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools may empower knowledge and software engineers greater than ever before. An enterprise-wide orientation seeks to carry the strategy of an organization throughout its operations. Enterprise modeling makes it possible to have this panoramic view of the enterprise. An advanced technological architecture that includes CASE empowers enterprise functional personnel, knowledge engineers, and software engineers with the methodological and technological platform required to produce a comprehensive enterprise model. Current environmental trends are influencing how well organizations implement this enterprise-wide orientation, modeling perspective, and the methodological and technological platform.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The major management information requirements on the farm and the information system developed to satisfy them are outlined and specific methods for unifying common information processes and structures for recording and analysing research-oriented data are detailed.


Proceedings Article
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: This paper will highlight some of the significant aspects of data storage in the enterprise for the 1990's.
Abstract: Data processing has become an increasingly vital function, if not the most vital function, in most businesses today. No longer only a mainframe domain, the data processing enterprise also includes the midrange and workstation platforms, either local or remote. This expanded view of the enterprise has encouraged more and more businesses to take a strategic, long-range view of information management rather than the short-term tactical approaches of the past. Some of the significant aspects of data storage in the enterprise for the 1990's are highlighted.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an arrangement of concepts intended as a framework for analysis of a public enterprise system is portrayed, which delineates a broad array of ideas in the general context of the dichotomous policy approaches of government intervention versus laissez-faire and, on an organisational basis, between the meanings of "public" and "enterprise".
Abstract: In this article an arrangement of concepts intended as a framework for analysis of a public enterprise system is portrayed. This conceptual structure delineates a broad array of ideas in the general context of the dichotomous policy approaches of government intervention versus laissez‐faire and, on an organisational basis, between the meanings of “public” and “enterprise”. The result is a taxonomy of elements of public enterprise, delineating particular aspects of a public enterprise system. Finally the author suggests a practical way to operationalise the model, by selecting one key expression from the set of dichotomous terms which was deemed to be a proxy for the general meaning conveyed in the conceptual structure. This one expression, centralisation/autonomy, lent itself well to the design of a questionnaire survey to “test” a given public enterprise system. The Singapore system was tested in a pilot exercise.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the benefits of enterprise using the Young Enterprise model, both for staff and students is outlined and it is postulated that the model utilised provides not only an important adumbration of the real world, but also fulfils the objectives set by the EHE initiative.
Abstract: Recent years have seen the development of the Enterprise in Higher Education (EHE) initiative. How an enterprise activity can be developed and integrated with academic criteria while drawing simultaneously on the resources of history and commerce is illustrated. The benefits of enterprise, using the Young Enterprise model, both for staff and students is outlined and it is postulated that the model utilised provides not only an important adumbration of the real world, but also fulfils the objectives set by the EHE initiative.

Book ChapterDOI
David C. Sutton1
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: It is increasingly being recognised that all is not well in the profession of systems design and many executives and professionals find that computing and information technology offers them nothing of personal relevance.
Abstract: It is increasingly being recognised that all is not well in the profession of systems design. The reporting of expensive cost over-runs and abandonment of systems before completion is an everyday occurrence and an academically verified phenomenon. In addition, the satisfaction of users with systems that do achieve completion is by no means universal, many executives and professionals find that computing and information technology (IT) offers them nothing of personal relevance. Others have found that the benefits of new technology have fallen short of expectations, or been positively harmful.