Showing papers on "Entrepreneurship published in 1974"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test for certain benefits of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sectors of two leading host countries-Canada and Australia-and find that these potential benefits can be divided into three classes.
Abstract: This paper tests for certain benefits of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sectors of two leading host countries-Canada and Australia. A quest for evidence on the effects of the multinational corporation needs little defence at a time when host and source countries alike incline towards restricting its activities. Economic theory tells us that intramarginal2 gains from foreign investment take diverse forms. An evident and tangible gain to the host government stems from the corporate income tax collected from subsidiaries (net of the incremental cost of public services supplied to them). Other benefits, conjectural and elusive but possibly large, lie in the effects of direct investment on the value productivity of resources owned by the host economy (Macdougall, 1960; Corden, 1967; Caves, 1971). The host nation's private sector does not benefit directly because the foreign subsidiary is efficient, or brings to its shores skilled entrepreneurship or productive knowledge. Rather its gains depend on spill-overs of productivity that occur when the multinational corporation cannot capture all quasi-rents due to its productive activities, or to the removal of distortions by the subsidiary's competitive pressure. These potential benefits can be divided into three classes.
1,384 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1974
Abstract: Part I: Introduction: What is Entrepreneurship? Chapter 1 A Perspective on Entrepreneurship Case 1.1 The Aravind Eye Hospital, Madural, India: In Service for Sight Case 1.2 R&R Case 1.3 Vermeer Technologies (A): A Company Is Born Case 1.4 Endeavor: Determining a Growth Strategy Part II: Recognizing and Analyzing Opportunity Chapter 2 Some Thoughts on Business Plans Chapter 3 Note on Business Model Analysis for the Entrepreneur Chapter 4 Valuation, Financing and Capitalization Tables in the New Venture Context Chapter 5 How Venture Capitalists Evaluate Potential Venture Opportunities Case 2.1 Beta Golf Case 2.2 Zipcar: Refining the Business Model Case 2.3 Keurig Case 2.4 Crunch Part III: Assembling Intellectual, Human and Financial Resources Chapter 6 The Legal Protection of Intellectual Property Chapter 7 New Venture Financing Chapter 8 Deal Structure and Deal Terms Case 3.1 Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd Case 3.2 NanoGene Technologies, Inc. Case 3.3 Business Plan for Room for Dessert: Adding Unique Ingredients to Life's Balancing Act Case 3.4 Walnut Venture Associates (D): RBS Deal Terms Case 3.5 Jim Sharpe: Extrusion Technology, Inc. (A) Part IV: Managing the Early-Stage Venture Chapter 9 Managing Risk and Reward in the Entrepreneurial Venture Chapter 10 The Legal Forms of Organization Case 4.1 ONSET Ventures Case 4.2 E Ink: Financing Growth Case 4.3 Valhalla Partners Due Diligence Case 4.4 MAC Development Corp. Part V: Managing Growth and Realizing Value Chapter 11 Managing the Growing Venture Case 5.1 KIPP National (A) (Abridged) Case 5.2 Innocent Drinks Case 5.3 Shurgard Self-Storage: Expansion to Europe Case 5.4 Kendle International, Inc. Case 5.5 RightNow Technologies Case 5.6 Jamie Dimon and Bank One (A)
716 citations
123 citations
TL;DR: Stopford explores the patterns of British direct investment in overseas manufacturing in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, paying special attention to the quality of Victorian entrepreneurship and the opportunities and problems presented by the Empire and then the Commonwealth as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Professor Stopford explores the patterns of British direct investment in overseas manufacturing in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, paying special attention to the quality of Victorian entrepreneurship and the opportunities and problems presented by the Empire and then the Commonwealth.
49 citations
24 citations
01 Jun 1974
16 citations
TL;DR: The role of Afrikaner nationalism in stimulating industrial entrepreneurship is discussed in this paper, where the authors consider empirically the relationship between noneconomic value commitments and the development of industrial entrepreneurship within a particular economically transitional society.
Abstract: Introduction and Perspectives This paper considers empirically the relationship between noneconomic value commitments and the development of industrial entrepreneurship within a particular economically transitional society. The discussion below is based on research carried out among the Afrikaner population of the Republic of South Africa during 1968 and 1969. Our specific concern is with the role of Afrikaner nationalism in stimulating industrial entrepreneurship. The general thesis presented is that an adequate explanation of how economically transitional societies produce industrial entrepreneurs must take explicit account of social and cultural values which channel economic action. Whether or not industrial entrepreneurs are forthcoming from a developing society is seen here as a direct product of the way in which the entrepreneurial role is defined, and comes to be defined, by collectivities which are meaningful to the prospective entrepreneur. Most recent work on entrepreneurship does not deal with the value dimension but focuses instead upon such factors as the prevailing economic opportunity for entrepreneurship or upon particular "entrepreneurial" psychological attributes. It is our belief that such work needs to be supplemented by a consideration of the meaning of entrepreneurship for the entrepreneur. A brief review of recent research trends will clarify this point. Work which emphasizes entrepreneurial opportunity as the primary variable can be divided into two general types. First are those studies whose goal is to locate and specify the segments of the social structure which afford the greatest access to the entrepreneurial role. Geographic, socioeconomic, and occupational variables are generally given primary consideration in explaining why particular persons become industrial entrepreneurs.' The second kind of research emphasizing entrepreneurial
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that exclusive concentration on the patron-client dyad overlooks the crucial supportive and alternative alliances which the actors must also manipulate, and the mutual feedback between entrepreneurship and social change can be understood if we consider the effects of patronage and mobilization on groups and network alliances.
Abstract: To understand the patron we need to understand his competitor, the group mobilizer. Data from western India reveal that the activities of these two types of political entrepreneur are closely interconnected. The argument shows that exclusive concentration on the patron-client dyad overlooks the crucial supportive and alternative alliances which the actors must also manipulate. The mutual feedback between entrepreneurship and social change can be understood if we consider the effects of patronage and mobilization on groups and network alliances.
13 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: This article found that family ties in business, education, and individual modernity are significantly related to achievement orientation, and the strength of their impact on achievement orientation is in that order. But social class and urban-rural origin, dating from the early life experiences of entrepreneurs, are not related significantly to achievement orientations.
Abstract: Social scientific research continues to attempt to distill the social prerequisites of entrepreneurship. This research on small-scale industrial entrepreneurs in a Philippine marketing center and its hinterland towns and villages attempts to contribute to this line of research.Through hypothesis testing and path analysis an attempt is made to establish which among a group of independent variables are important for determining achievement orientation of entrepreneurs, and which are the relatively more important variables. Family ties in business, education, and individual modernity are found to be significantly related to achievement orientation, and the strength of their impact on achievement orientation is in that order. Variables, such as social class and urban-rural origin, dating from the early life experiences of entrepreneurs, are not related significantly to achievement orientation.For small-scale manufacturing entrepreneurs in a rural marketing region, this research reinforces theorists' doubts re...
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a 5-step behaviouristic model for the development of entrepreneurs, including entrepreneurial dispositions, decisions to be an entrepreneur, professional socialization, environmental explorations, and organizational socialization.
Abstract: The paper presents a 5-step behaviouristic model for the development of entrepreneurs. The stages are (1) entrepreneurial dispositions, (2) decisions to be an entrepreneur; (3) professional socialization; (4) environmental explorations; and (5) organizational socialization. Several factors characterizing each stage are discussed. The model is a sequential decision process model. Research studies conducted in India have been quoted to support the different factors contributing to each stage and the process of the development of entrepreneurship. Implications of the model for future researches, selection and training of entrepreneurs have been discussed.
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: Agarwal et al. as mentioned in this paper argued that the British entrepreneur had lost much of the drive and dynamism possessed by his predecessors of the classical industrial revolution and suggested that other criteria, such as knowledge and skill, are involved.
Abstract: THE poverty of information on so many aspects of the study of British entrepreneurship has not inhibited economic historians from making assessments of the quality of entrepreneurial performance. Attention has mainly been directed to the closing decades of the nineteenth century, but a proper appreciation necessitates a much broader comparative view. To assert, as Aldcroft did in 1964, that ‘ … entrepreneurial initiative and drive were flagging, particularly before 1900’ rests partially on the assumption that ‘the British entrepreneur had lost much of the drive and dynamism possessed by his predecessors of the classical industrial revolution’ [139 : 114]. But is this assumption fully justified? And, furthermore, does a consideration of ‘drive and enthusiasm’ constitute an adequate basis for judgement? Surely, other criteria, such as knowledge and skill, are involved?