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Showing papers on "Entrepreneurship published in 2021"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use a systems framework for studying entrepreneurial ecosystems, develop a measurement instrument of its elements, and use this to compose an entrepreneurial ecosystem index to examine the quality of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the Netherlands.
Abstract: There is a growing interest in ecosystems as an approach for understanding the context of entrepreneurship at the macro level of an organizational community. It consists of all the interdependent actors and factors that enable and constrain entrepreneurship within a particular territory. Although growing in popularity, the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept remains loosely defined and measured. This paper shows the value of taking a systems view of the context of entrepreneurship: understanding entrepreneurial economies from a systems perspective. We use a systems framework for studying entrepreneurial ecosystems, develop a measurement instrument of its elements, and use this to compose an entrepreneurial ecosystem index to examine the quality of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the Netherlands. We find that the prevalence of high-growth firms in a region is strongly related to the quality of its entrepreneurial ecosystem. Strong interrelationships among the ecosystem elements reveal their interdependence and need for a systems perspective.

287 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore how digital technologies are helping address grand challenges to tackle climate change and promote sustainable development, and how entrepreneurial organizations have used digital technologies to tackle these challenges.
Abstract: We explore how digital technologies are helping address grand challenges to tackle climate change and promote sustainable development. With digital technologies, entrepreneurial organizations have ...

199 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the changes caused by Covid and how they might affect the scope and types of international entrepreneurial activities in years to come, and discuss how international entrepreneurs are likely to operate and shape the emerging world order.

184 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept itself represents a paradox as discussed by the authors, as it draws on a rich intellectual history and provides an opportunistic opportunistic approach to the creation of new ideas and services in the future.
Abstract: Entrepreneurial ecosystems have become a prominent concept, yet in its current state, the concept itself represents a paradox. While it draws on a rich intellectual history and provides an opportun...

154 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the current trends in entrepreneurship education by providing some paths for future research that take an anthropcosmic view of education and suggest suggestions for how entrepreneurship education needs to further progress as a way of shaping the future development of the field.

150 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Through the adoption of a digital information processing perspective, this work provides a micro-level approach to research on digital entrepreneurship (DE) that complements existing literature on DE focused at the systemic level (digital entrepreneurship ecosystems and in the digital platforms economy).
Abstract: Understanding the circumstances and reasons which facilitate digital entrepreneurship (DE) is of interest to academic research, and guides business practice, as well as public policies aiming at supporting this phenomenon given its positive impacts in terms of job creation and economic growth. We define some relevant concepts and briefly map current research using a perspective that focuses on the way digital entrepreneurs create digital value by acquiring, processing, and distributing digital information. Through the adoption of a digital information processing perspective, we provide a micro-level approach to research on digital entrepreneurship (DE) that complements existing literature on DE focused at the systemic level (digital entrepreneurship ecosystems and in the digital platforms economy). We show how these two approaches can be jointly used to identify major research streams on DE: digital business models, the digital entrepreneurship process and the creation of digital start-ups, DE in digital platforms, and entrepreneurial digital ecosystems. As is the case with existing DE frameworks, our approach concurs in putting emphasis on the new collaborative and social dynamics enabled by digital tools to support knowledge sharing and facilitate opportunity recognition.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address the effects of digital transformation on value creation through the study of technology entrepreneurship and technological market expansion through relevant data from 28 European countries representing development indicators and ease of doing business over a timeframe of 7 years from 2009 to 2015.

137 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship and small businesses can be found in this paper, with a discussion of four literature strands based on this review and an overview of contributions in this special issue.
Abstract: The existential threat to small businesses, based on their crucial role in the economy, is behind the plethora of scholarly studies in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining the 15 contributions of the special issue on the “Economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship and small businesses,” the paper comprises four parts: a systematic review of the literature on the effect on entrepreneurship and small businesses; a discussion of four literature strands based on this review; an overview of the contributions in this special issue; and some ideas for post-pandemic economic research.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The lean startup framework is one of the most popular contributions in the practitioner-oriented entrepreneurship literature and as discussed by the authors seeks to generate new insights into how new ventures are sta...,.
Abstract: The lean startup framework is one of the most popular contributions in the practitioner-oriented entrepreneurship literature. This study seeks to generate new insights into how new ventures are sta...

114 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the ways artificial intelligence (AI) may impact new venture processes, practices and outcomes and examine how such technology will augment and replace tasks associated with new venture process, practices, and outcomes.
Abstract: This article explores the ways artificial intelligence (AI) may impact new venture processes, practices and outcomes. We examine how such technology will augment and replace tasks associated with i...

98 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Scholarly interest in necessity entrepreneurship has risen steadily over the last four decades, with much of the research in this area focused on distinguishing individuals who are pushed into entr....
Abstract: Scholarly interest in necessity entrepreneurship has risen steadily over the last four decades, with much of the research in this area focused on distinguishing individuals who are pushed into entr...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the negative relationship between role conflict and venture performance in digital ecosystems and found that role conflict would reduce venture performance by interfering with entrepreneurs' performance of key tasks in key tasks.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an increasing body of cultural entrepreneurship research has highlighted an "optimal distinctiveness" trade-off: new ventures gain legitimacy and attract critical resources, while maintaining their distinctiveness.
Abstract: How do new ventures gain legitimacy and attract critical resources? An increasing body of cultural entrepreneurship research has highlighted an “optimal distinctiveness” trade-off: new ventures nee...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A combined research approach is adopted to describe the experience of the Contamination Lab of the University of Salento, an entrepreneurship education program focused on innovative and technology-based entrepreneurship for university students, and shows a new approach to entrepreneurial storytelling, pitching and business planning and development through digital technologies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors provides a thorough review of PLS-SEM and its application to current entrepreneurship research, summarizes the emergent confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) processes for applying and interpreting the analysis, and concludes with suggestions for scholars as they plan future research projects.
Abstract: Rigorous research across the wide spectrum of entrepreneurship is important for developing knowledge and innovation in the field, which in turn offers building blocks for future inquiry, practice, innovation, and economic growth. For this reason, scholars continually seek new empirical analysis tools to examine constructs and variables included in their research. While many familiar tools remain at the core of the scholar’s tool box, PLS-SEM offers valuable options that have been accentuated by recent developments. This article provides a thorough review of PLS-SEM and its application to current entrepreneurship research, summarizes the emergent confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) processes for applying and interpreting the analysis, explains why PLS-SEM can be especially advantageous for research in this field, and concludes with suggestions for scholars as they plan future research projects. In addition, recent PLS-SEM developments are shared that may effectively apply to entrepreneurship research.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on a Bayesian macroeconomic analysis framework, this article introduced the level of Internet development as a threshold variable and analyzed the impact of digital financial inclusion on economic growth based on provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019 in China.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the relationship between the employee-level resilience dimensions (cognitive, behavioural and contextual) and entrepreneurs' perceived performance, and the moderating role of entrepreneur resilience.
Abstract: Existing research on resilience varies across fields on analysis and presents scattered and diverse definitions. For example, the literature suggests that resilience in organisations is influenced by factors of various levels, occurring at both the individual and organisational level. However, there are currently few insights into how these different levels of analysis interact with each other. Therefore, focusing on resilience in the context of entrepreneurship, this paper aims to explore the relationship between the employee-level resilience dimensions (cognitive, behavioural and contextual) and entrepreneurs’ perceived performance, and the moderating role of entrepreneur resilience. A survey has been conducted with 195 entrepreneurs managing small family firms. Results confirm the hypothesis that the dimensions of employee-level resilience affect performance positively when the entrepreneur has a strong propensity towards personal resilience. Entrepreneurs may use these insights to increase awareness of their actions towards achieving organisational resilience and to implement practices aimed at increasing employee-level resilience.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a theoretical model to provide insights about the association between innovation practices and the SMEs' performance and survival while underlining the auxiliary role of external support in such a relationship.
Abstract: Global epidemic crises, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19), usually expose small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to various kinds of challenges and may put their lives at risk. This study aims to develop a theoretical model to provide insights about the association between innovation practices and the SMEs’ performance and survival while underlining the auxiliary role of external support in such a relationship. Online questionnaire has been used to collect the data from 259 randomly selected SME managers in Saudi Arabia, and the data was analyzed using the SmartPLS3 software. The structural equation modeling results showed that the innovation practices adopted by SMEs to face the repercussions of COVID-19 had a positive impact on the performance and likelihood of business survival. PLS-SEM bootstrap results indicated that external support aids strengthen the positive impact of SMEs’ innovation practices on business survival rather than its performance. The study has several significant practical implications for SME managers, governments, and policy makers that have been stated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The contemporary theories of neoliberalism and entrepreneurship are entwined; both hinge upon the use of agency within free markets to realize individual potential, enhance status and attain material r... as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Contemporary theories of neoliberalism and entrepreneurship are entwined; both hinge upon the use of agency within free markets to realize individual potential, enhance status and attain material r ...

Journal ArticleDOI
09 Sep 2021
TL;DR: A review of the existing literature on Covid-19 and crisis management is conducted that highlights the effect of the pandemic on entrepreneurs as mentioned in this paper, focusing on specific types of entrepreneurship in terms of cultural, lifestyle and social change.
Abstract: Coronavirus (Covid-19) is a pandemic that not only has caused significant havoc around the world but also presents some important opportunities for entrepreneurs to be innovative in the marketplace. The purpose of this paper is to detail in more depth how entrepreneurs have been affected by the crisis by focussing on specific types of entrepreneurship in terms of cultural, lifestyle and social change.,A review of the existing literature on Covid-19 and crisis management is conducted that highlights the effect of the pandemic on entrepreneurs. This approach enables an integration of the existing research on resilience in terms of how entrepreneurs adapt and pivot their business models in response to change. Thereby enabling a contemporary view about the ways entrepreneurs can contribute to societal well-being in times of huge economic and social upheaval.,While entrepreneurs by nature are resilient, the Covid-19 crisis in terms of its magnitude and length has led to specific challenges faced by entrepreneurs in adapting to the new environment. These challenges can be related to the way entrepreneurs respond to uncertainty by being flexible but also through the support of an entrepreneurial ecosystem environment.,Due to the Covid-19 crisis being an ongoing and recent phenomenon, this paper is amongst the first to focus specifically on how cultural, lifestyle and social attributes of society have changed. Thereby providing advice to current and future entrepreneurs about how to respond to crisis situations and to manage short- and long-term considerations. There is a growing body of research in entrepreneurship that is offering valuable insights by taking a crisis approach. In addition to the practical opportunities touched upon in this paper, there are associated numerous research potentials due to the intersection of crisis management, entrepreneurship and resilience literature.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of determining a new social corporate management season considering social distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic on emerging markets' economic growth is ascertained and set apart from corporate management in developing markets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce relevant research streams and concepts for investigating sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems and explain why this special issue and its articles represent a fourth wave in entrepreneurial research (sustainability).
Abstract: While the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems is now a prominent topic and an important stream in entrepreneurship research, the question of how ecosystems can specifically promote sustainable entrepreneurship and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations is a neglected issue. With the papers in this special issue, we address this research gap, serving as a catalyst sparking more research at the nexus of contextualization of entrepreneurship and sustainability. This research has, since the 1990s, developed in three waves; the explicit linkage to SDGs and the investigation of impacts of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems in achieving societal and environmental goals might be considered as the “fourth wave.” We first introduce relevant research streams and concepts for investigating sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems. Then, we explain why this special issue and its articles represent a fourth wave in entrepreneurial research (“sustainability”). Thereafter, we provide an overview of the papers of this special issue and then end with a brief consideration of future research demands.

Book
15 Oct 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss entrepreneurship in the twenty-first century, including start-up, international entrepreneurship, and planning for growth, and failure and success of a business.
Abstract: PART 1: ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1. Entrepreneurship in the Twenty-first Century 2. Entrepreneurs and Owner-managers 3. Innovation and Entrepreneurship 4. Social and Civic Entrepreneurship PART 2: START-UP 5. Developing Creativity and the Business Idea 6. Evaluating the Business Idea 7. Launching the Business 8. International Entrepreneurship 9. Running the Business 10. Financing the Business PART 3: GROWTH 11. Planning for Growth 12. New Products and Services 13. Growing the Business 14. Developing the Business Plan 15. Exit: Failure and Success PART 4: MATURITY 16. The Family Firm 17. From Entrepreneur to Leader 18. Corporate Entrepreneurship

28 Oct 2021
TL;DR: Agarwal et al. as mentioned in this paper discuss the evolution of technology, markets, and industry, and present a review of the past, a description of the present, and a sketch of the future.
Abstract: Preface. List of Contributors. Editor's Introduction. Part I The Evolution of Technology, Markets, and Industry. 1 Technology and Industry Evolution (Rajshree Agarwal and Mary Tripsas). 2 The Evolution of Markets: Innovation Adoption, Diffusion, Market Growth, New Product Entry, and Competitor Responses (Venkatesh Shankar). Part II The Development and Introduction of New Products. 3 Understanding Customer Needs (Barry L. Bayus). 4 Product Development as a Problem-solving Process (Christian Terwiesch). 5 Managing the 'Unmanageables' of Sustained Product Innovation (Deborah Dougherty). Part III The Management and Organization of Innovation. 6 Rival Interpretations of Balancing Exploration and Exploitation: Simultaneous or Sequential (Eric L. Chen and Riitta Katila). 7 R&D Project Selection and Portfolio Management: A Review of the Past, a Description of the Present, and a Sketch of the Future (D. Brunner, L. Fleming, A. MacCormack, and D. Zinner). 8 Managing the Innovative Performance of Technical Professionals (Ralph Katz). Part IV Technology Strategy. 9 The Economics and Strategy of Standards and Standardization (Shane Greenstein and Victor Stango). 10 Intellectual Property and Innovation (Rosemarie H. Ziedonis). 11 Orchestrating Appropriability: Towards an Endogenous View of Capturing Value from Innovation Investments (Henry Chesbrough). 12 Individual Collaborations, Strategic Alliances and Innovation: Insights from the Biotechnology Industry (Paul Almeida, Jan Hohberger, and Pedro Parada). Part V Who Innovates? 13 Technology-Based Entrepreneurship (David H. Hsu). 14 Knowledge Spillover Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Large and Small Firms (David B. Audretsch). 15 The Financing of Innovation (Bronwyn H. Hall). 16 The Contribution of Public Entities to Innovation and Technological Change (Maryann P. Feldman and Dieter F. Kogler). Index.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors shed light on the current state of digital entrepreneurship and digital innovation research to take stock of past research and identify opportunities for the future, and suggest paths for future research and specifically call for more joint consideration of digital entrepreneurs and digital innovations along with specific theory building and testing that incorporates the specificities of digitization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of signals to overcome information asymmetries and reduce the uncertainty inherent in resource acquisition has become a prominent theme in new-venture financing literature as mentioned in this paper. In particular, t...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored Pakistani women entrepreneurs' lived experiences and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges experienced by them and strategies undertaken to transform businesses.
Abstract: Purpose COVID-19 pandemic triggered unexpected crises, which were beyond the imaginations of a common man. It changed the order of routine life and the business world. In this challenging condition, the survival of the small business was at high risk. Following experiential learning theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore women's entrepreneurial learning obtained during the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges experienced by them and strategies undertaken to transform businesses. Design/methodology/approach To explore Pakistani women entrepreneurs' lived experiences and learning during the COVID-19, researchers used a qualitative interview design. The interviewees reported their experiences about the effects of COVID-19 on their business and entrepreneurial learning from such a crisis. Findings The findings of the study indicate new fractions of knowledge from the novel learning of the female entrepreneurs throughout the experience of the COVID-19. The transformation from manual business dealings and financial transactions to virtual dealing and the online transaction was the addition of novel learning. Furthermore, the analysis provides insights into the challenges experienced by women entrepreneurs, strategies undertaken and lessons learned from COVID-19. The life lessons learned showed the importance of technical skills and their business operations during the crisis. Research limitations/implications This study is very specific in its context and limitations of this study offers new avenue for research to extend study in different perspectives. First, interviews were conducted from women entrepreneurs running businesses in sub-urban cities of Pakistan, where study can be extended to include both male and female in a comparative study which can expose new dimensions. Second, this study is conducted in the sub-urban areas of the Sindh province of Pakistan, which can be extended to other areas of the country because Pakistan is multicultural and multilingual, which offer different gender specific factors for entrepreneurial activities in general terms but in case of the Covid-19 situation, there exists great variations and social stratifications. Third, this study can be extended to other developing or developed countries or comparative study can provide a new flavor of knowledge. Practical implications The study's finding offers few implications for the entrepreneurs, societies and government at large. Although the pandemic crisis has had devastating effects on health and lifestyle activities, there is always a ray of coming to innovative approaches to fulfill the entrepreneurial desires and serve the community. Thus, entrepreneurs are encouraged to contribute to the economy as a part of society through their sustainable products and services for the greater good. There is also a need for some social policies to find entrepreneurial ways to deal with the COVID-19 crisis that integrates value co-creation for society (Ratten, 2020b). Government and society should also intervene and play their role to encourage women entrepreneurs to feel a sense of empowerment, contribute to family income, alleviate poverty, create jobs and help in economic growth. Originality/value This study's unique contribution and origin are to explore the COVID-19-related entrepreneurial learning experiences of women entrepreneurs in a developing country (Pakistan). Moreover, this study theoretically contributes to the development of experiential learning theory by expanding its insights during COVID-19.

Journal ArticleDOI
Esha Thukral1
TL;DR: SMEs are significantly affected by COVID-19 crisis as they overrepresent hardest-hit sectors such as retail, hospitality, food services, entertainment services, and construction as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: SMEs are significantly affected by COVID-19 crisis as they overrepresent hardest-hit sectors such as retail, hospitality, food services, entertainment services, and construction The discovery and the spread of COVID-19 in the absence of cure have led governments to take drastic measures, including the lockdown of large parts of society and social distancing resulting in behavioral changes Some SMEs are responding to the crisis by applying creativity to problems to obtain opportunities However, it is because of resilience that they can see an opportunity in chaos and survive uncertain times, but, to convert those opportunities to reality, some government interventions are needed to correct the negative effects of lockdown restrictions by revitalizing the entrepreneurial ecosystem

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors respond to the call to pay more attention to the diversity of entrepreneurship in theorizing contexts by examining how places come to be understood as entrepreneurial, and propose a framework for identifying places as entrepreneurial.
Abstract: This article responds to Welter’s (2011) call to pay more attention to the diversity of entrepreneurship in theorizing contexts by examining how places come to be understood as entrepreneurial. We ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that unless counterbalanced with attempts to identify the field's contextualization, the calls for greater contextualization have been powerful in motivating research and knowledge creation about entrepreneurship.
Abstract: Calls for greater contextualization have been powerful in motivating research and knowledge creation about entrepreneurship. However, unless counter-balanced with attempts to identify the field’s c...