Epworth Sleepiness Scale

About: Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4742 publications have been published within this topic receiving 155088 citations.

Restless legs syndrome is common among female patients with fibromyalgia.

Abstract: Background: The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among the general population is 2–15%, and with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) 2%. Both RLS and FMS are more common among women. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of RLS in a group of female patients diagnosed with FMS and to compare the occurrence of symptoms of daytime sleepiness and experienced sleep disorders between fibromyalgia patients with or without RLS. Method: Three hundred and thirty-two female patients, 20–60 years old, diagnosed with FMS at Skonviks Rehab between 2002 and 2006, answered a questionnaire mailed to their home address. The questionnaire consisted of the international RLS study group criteria as well as of questions concerning symptoms of insomnia and daytime sleepiness measured according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Results: Nearly 64% of the women were also suffering from RLS. More patients suffering from both RLS and FMS were affected by problems of initiating and maintaining sleep than those suffering from FMS only. More patients suffering from both RLS and FMS did not feel refreshed on awakening compared with those suffering from FMS without RLS. The patients with concomitant RLS and FMS were more often hypersomnolent than those suffering from FMS only. Conclusion: This study shows that 64% of a group of female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia also concurrently suffered from RLS. Compared with patients who suffer from FMS only, patients with both FMS and RLS more often experience sleep disturbances and pronounced daytime sleepiness.

Effect of diurnal fasting on sleep during Ramadan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: The current meta-analysis aimed to obtain a more stable estimate of the effect size of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting (RDF) on sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest Medical, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) were searched from database inception to the end of June 2019. The sleep quality measures analyzed were excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) measured by the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and total sleep time (TST). Subgroup analyses for age, sex, and levels of physical activity were conducted. We identified 24 studies (involving 646 participants, median age 23.7 years, 73% men) conducted in 12 countries from 2001 to 2019. The results revealed that TST decreased from 7.2 h per night [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.7–7.8] before Ramadan to 6.4 h (95% CI 5.3–7.5) during Ramadan, while the ESS score increased slightly from 6.1 (95% CI 4.5–7.7) before Ramadan to 7.0 (95% CI 5.2–8.8) during Ramadan. Effect sizes on sleep quality measures during RDF demonstrated a moderate reduction in TST (number of studies, K = 22; number of subjects, N = 571, Hedges’ g value of −0.43, 95% CI − 0.64 to −0.22, Q = 90, τ2 = 0.15, I2 = 78%, P < 0.001), while ESS score showed negligible effect on EDS (K = 9, N = 362, Hedges’ g value of −0.06, 95% CI −0.43 to 0.28, Q = 21, τ2 = 0.13, I2 = 76%, P value = 0.001). During the month of Ramadan, there is approximately a 1 hour reduction in TST and nearly a 1 point increase in the ESS score.