Epworth Sleepiness Scale

About: Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4742 publications have been published within this topic receiving 155088 citations.

Epworth sleepiness scale scores and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Abstract: Snoring is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and Cesarean deliveries. The purpose of this study was to assess whether excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) assessed by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) increases the risk of these complications further. Following institutional review board approval and informed consent, English-speaking women in the immediate postpartum period were systematically selected and recruited. Women answered a survey that included questions regarding symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) using the multivariable apnea prediction index and excessive daytime sleepiness using ESS. Pregnancy and fetal outcomes were collected by review of medical records. Standard statistical analysis with multivariable logistic regression was performed. ESS was evaluated both as a continuous variable and with various cutoffs given that pregnant women are likely more sleepy at baseline than the general population. In patients who underwent planned Cesarean delivery, mean ESS was significantly higher than in those with uncomplicated vaginal delivery, even after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.08; 95 % CI, 1.01–1.15; p = 0.02). There was no significant association between EDS (defined as ESS of >10) and gestational diabetes or gestational hypertensive disorders in snorers or non snorers. However, a significant association with gestational diabetes was found in patients with an ESS of >16 compared to those with an ESS of ≤16, even after multiple adjustments (aOR, 6.82; 95 % CI, 1.19–39.27), but the number of subjects in an ESS of >16 category was small. There is an increased association between women with higher ESS and planned Cesarean delivery. Severe EDS was associated with gestational diabetes in pregnant women in a small sample size. Future studies in larger samples need to confirm the association of severe EDS and gestational diabetes and elucidate potential mechanisms of the links with adverse outcomes.

Relationships among nasal obstruction, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life.

Abstract: Objectives: There has been growing awareness that nasal obstruction may impair various daily and social activities. We performed a questionnaire survey on a working population to clarify the relationships among nasal obstruction, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life (QOL). Methods: Seven thousand nine hundred eighty daytime workers were asked to complete questionnaires, and the data from 7,180 subjects without any missing answers were finally analyzed (90.0% of the total participants). The severity ofnasal obstruction was graded into the following three categories: never/rarely, sometimes, and always/often. Daytime sleepiness and QOL were assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, respectively. Results: Younger subjects reported a higher degree of nasal obstruction. Subjects who reported a higher degree of nasal obstruction had higher daytime sleepiness and lower quality of life. Subjects with higher daytime sleepiness had lower quality of life. The degree of nasal obstruction was not associated with body mass index. Conclusions: Taking into account the impact of nasal airway resistance on sleep-disordered breathing, the present results suggest that chronic nasal obstruction impairs QOL, at least partially, through excessive daytime sleepiness possibly caused by sleep-disordered breathing. We stress that sufficient and appropriate rhinologic treatment may improve the quality of daily and social activities of individuals with sinonasal diseases.

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive performance

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cognition. METHOD: We compared the performance of 17 patients with polysomnographic diagnosis of OSA in brief cognitive tests to that of 20 healthy controls, matched for age and education. The testing battery included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB), Digit-Symbol (DS) and Phonemic Verbal Fluency (FAS). Anthropometric measures and scores from the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were also recorded. RESULTS: OSA patients performed significantly worse than controls in the MMSE, in memory items from the BCSB, in DS and also in FAS. OSA patients also exhibited higher body mass index, increased neck circumference and higher scores in Epworth Sleepiness Scale than controls. CONCLUSION: OSA significantly impairs cognitive performance, especially within the domains of attention, memory and executive functioning. These deficits may be detected by brief and easy-to-administer cognitive tests.

Sleep Quality and Vigilance Differ Among Inpatient Nurses Based on the Unit Setting and Shift Worked.

Abstract: Objectives Sleepiness in nurses has been shown to impact patient care and safety. The objectives of this study are to measure sleep quality, sleepiness, fatigue, and vigilance in inpatient nurses and to assess how setting (intensive care unit versus the general floor) and shift worked (day versus night) affect these measures. Methods Nurses from both the ICU and floor were included in the study. Participants completed questionnaires assessing self-reported sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), sleepiness (Stanford Sleepiness Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS), and fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS). Vigilance was measured by means of the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), before and after a 12-hour duty shift. Results The ESS was abnormal in 22% of all nurses, the FSS was abnormal in 33%, and the global PSQI was abnormal in 63%. More ICU nurses than floor nurses reported abnormal sleep quality (component 5) on the PSQI. Sleep medication use (PSQI component 6) was higher in night shift nurses. The FSS was greater in night shift nurses. On preshift PVT testing, day-shift nurses overall provided faster mean reaction time (RT) than night-shift nurses. ICU nurses working the day shift made more than twice as many total errors and false starts than day shift floor nurses. Floor nurses demonstrated a significant decrease from preshift to postshift in the mean of the fastest 10% RT. Conclusions Our data indicate that a significant number of inpatient nurses have impaired sleep quality, excessive sleepiness, and abnormal fatigue, which may place them at a greater risk of making medical errors and harming patients; these problems are especially pronounced in night shift workers. PVT results were inconsistent, but floor and day shift nurses performed better on some tasks than ICU and night shift nurses.