Epworth Sleepiness Scale

About: Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4742 publications have been published within this topic receiving 155088 citations.

Prospective evaluation of an oral appliance in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an oral appliance (OA), with and without mandible advance, in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Twenty-four patients diagnosed with OSA agreed to participate in this study. The patients were treated for 3 months (with a removable soft elastic silicone positioner customized with thermoplastic silicone and with a 5-mm opening). Patients were selected, using a randomized design, to receive an OA model either with (12 patients) or without advance (12 patients). Before treatment, a snoring questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and polysomnography were completed. Fifteen subjects completed the protocol (13 men, two women). With respect to basal values, the mandible-advanced OA group presented a decrease in the mean apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) (33.8±4.7 versus 9.6±2.1; p<0.01), number of arousals per hour (33.8±13.9 versus 16.0±1.5; p<0.05), ESS score (14.7±5.1 versus 5.1±1.9; p<0.05), snoring score (15.4±1.9 versus 10.1±3.2; p<0.05), and total FOSQ score (78.1±22.6 versus 99.3±14.4; p<0.05). After treatment, the non-advanced group presented a decrease in the mean AHI (24.0±12.2 versus. 11.7±7.9; p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the number of arousals per hour, ESS score, snoring, and total FOSQ score in the non-advanced group. Neither study group showed significant difference in mean SF36 scores. Oral appliances, especially those that advance the mandible, offer an effective treatment for OSA.

Sleep Disturbances and Their Relationship to Glucose Tolerance in Pregnancy

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore relationships among sleep disturbances, glucose tolerance, and pregnancy outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Four validated sleep questionnaires were administered to 169 pregnant women at the time of 50-g oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) during the second trimester. Pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in 108 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). RESULTS Of the participants, 41% had excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] >8); 64% had poor sleep quality; 25% snored frequently; 29% had increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB); 52% experienced short sleep (SS); 19% had both increased SDB risk and SS (SDB/SS); and 14% had daytime dysfunction. Reported sleep duration inversely correlated with glucose values from 50-g OGTT ( r = −0.21, P P = 0.02), poor sleep quality ( P = 0.02), and SS ( P = 0.03). Neonatal intensive care unit admissions were associated with increased ESS ( P = 0.03), SDB/SS ( P = 0.03), and daytime dysfunction ( P CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women experience significant sleep disturbances that are associated with increased risk of GDM and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women with increased SDB risk, frequent snoring, and sleep duration of