Epworth Sleepiness Scale

About: Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4742 publications have been published within this topic receiving 155088 citations.

The prevalence of multiple sleep-onset REM periods in a population-based sample

Abstract: Study Objective: The presence of 2 or more sleep-onset rapid eye movement periods (SOREMPs) on a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) has been used as 1 of the criteria for the diagnosis of narcolepsy and is thought to be specific to this disorder. However, previous studies have shown the prevalence of SOREMPS in healthy volunteers and apneic patients to be higher than expected. The present study determined the prevalence of 2 or more SOREMPs in a representative sample of the population from southeast Michigan and investigated potential associations with other sleep-related variables. Design: Cross-sectional laboratory-based analysis. Settings: Sleep disorders clinic. Participants: Population-based sample. Interventions: N/A. Measurements: A population-based sample of 333 subjects was assessed by nocturnal polysomnography and daytime MSLT (5 naps), and an additional 206 subjectively sleepy people were also assessed (total = 539). Sample demographics were comparable to the 2000 census. Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were also determined. Groups were formed based on a median split of each sleep variable (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, MSLT, total sleep time from nocturnal polysomnography) for comparisons of SOREMPs in each group. Results: The prevalence of 2 or more SOREMPs was 3.9%. Only mean sleep latency on the MSLT was a discriminator for the presence of 2 or more SOREMPs (short latency = 6.3%, long latency = 1.9%, p <.05). Among the subjects who had an MSLT of 5 minutes or less (an indicator of a pathologic level of sleepiness), 9.5% had 2 or more SOREMPS. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of 2 or more SOREMPs in our sample is 3.9%. Interestingly, of the variables assessed (MSLT, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and total sleep time from nocturnal polysomnography), objective sleepiness, as determined by the MSLT, was the only measure significantly associated with 2 or more SOREMPs. Therefore, subpopulations with excessive sleepiness (eg, shift workers, young adults, patients with apnea) are likely to have a greater prevalence of SOREMPs.

Nasal CPAP improves the quality of life and lessens the depressive symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Abstract: Objective To assess changes in response to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) concerning excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), depressive state, and quality of life (QOL)Patients and Methods We assessed for EDS using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), for mood using The Zung self-depression scale (SDS), and for QOL using Short-Form 36 (SF-36) in 132 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and control subjects Patients had severe OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index, 594±238/h) and were more hypersomnolent and depressed, and had poorer QOL than 38 age- and gender-matched controlsResults Before treatment most QOL domains in the SF-36 were significantly associated with patients’ SDS scores With nasal CPAP, ESS and SDS scores were respectively decreased from 97±45 to 40±24 (p<00001) and from 492±104 to 451±96 (p<00005) Total SF-36 score and scores for seven of eight domains were increased significantly with treatment Thus, nasal CPAP lessens EDS and depression, and improves QOL, in patients with severe OSAS Further, magnitudes of changes in total SF-36 scores and in five of eight domains correlated significantly with magnitude of change in SDS score upon nasal CPAP treatment No relationship was evident between treatment-associated score changes in SF-36 domains and ESS score changeConclusion Although patients with severe OSAS have poorer QOL than control subjects, nasal CPAP appears to improve QOL by alleviating depression

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale: translation and validation study of the Iranian version.

Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS-IR). This was a cross-sectional study of 507 suspicious patients either to obstructive sleep apnea (n = 466) or narcolepsy (n = 41) in order to carry out a psychometric evaluation of the ESS-IR by performing reliability, validity, and responsiveness analyses. Reliability of the ESS-IR was assessed by internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Validity of the instrument was assessed using several statistical approaches including construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), discriminant validity, and criterion validity. Responsiveness of the ESS-IR was assessed by comparing the ESS-IR total score before and after 6–9 months of continues positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in 16 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The ESS-IR had an acceptable internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Factor analysis in both groups showed a two-factor solution for the ESS-IR, but the first factor showed statistically significant loads in all items. In addition, the ESS-IR discriminated well between patients with and without OSA. There is a fair correlation between the ESS-IR total score and multiple sleep latency test results that is not significant at all. Finally, the ESS-IR was found to be responsive to change where the total score was significantly decreased after CPAP treatment (P < 0.001). The findings suggest that the ESS-IR is a reliable and valid measure for evaluating daytime sleepiness and now can be used in research and clinical settings in Iran.