Topic
Equal-cost multi-path routing
About: Equal-cost multi-path routing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10472 publications have been published within this topic receiving 249362 citations.
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01 Apr 1992
TL;DR: This paper provides the simplest known support for deadlock-free adaptive routing in k-ary n-cubes of more than two dimensions (with k > 2) and restricts adaptivity reduces the hardware complexity, improving router speed or allowing additional performance-enhancing network features.
Abstract: Network throughput can be increased by allowing multipath, adaptive routing. Adaptive routing allows more freedom in the paths taken by messages, spreading load over physical channels more evenly. The flexibility of adaptive routing introduces new possibilities of deadlock. Previous deadlock avoidance schemes in k-ary n-cubes require an exponential number of virtual channels, independent of network size and dimension. Planar adaptive routing algorithms reduce the complexity of deadlock prevention by reducing the number of choices at each routing step. In the fault-free case, planar-adaptive networks are guaranteed to be deadlock-free. In the presence of network faults, the planar-adaptive router can be extended with misrouting to produce a working network which remains provably deadlock free and is provably livelock free. In addition, planar adaptive networks can simultaneously support both in-order and adaptive, out-of-order packet delivery.Planar-adaptive routing is of practical significance. It provides the simplest known support for deadlock-free adaptive routing in k-ary n-cubes of more than two dimensions (with k > 2). Restricting adaptivity reduces the hardware complexity, improving router speed or allowing additional performance-enhancing network features. The structure of planar-adaptive routers is amenable to efficient implementation.
464 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: Experimental evidence from two wireless test-beds shows that there are usually multiple minimum hop-count paths, many of which have poor throughput, and suggests that more attention be paid to link quality when choosing ad hoc routes.
Abstract: Existing wireless ad hoc routing protocols typically find routes with the minimum hop-count. This paper presents experimental evidence from two wireless test-beds which shows that there are usually multiple minimum hop-count paths, many of which have poor throughput. As a result, minimum-hop-count routing often chooses routes that have significantly less capacity than the best paths that exist in the network. Much of the reason for this is that many of the radio links between nodes have loss rates low enough that the routing protocol is willing to use them, but high enough that much of the capacity is consumed by retransmissions. These observations suggest that more attention be paid to link quality when choosing ad hoc routes; the paper presents measured link characteristics likely to be useful in devising a better path quality metric.
461 citations
TL;DR: The specification, analysis and evaluation of some hierarchical routing procedures which are effective for large store-and-forward packet-switched computer networks are dealt with, finding that in the limit of a very large network, enormous table reduction may be achieved with essentially no increase in network path length.
457 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents a class of algorithms that can be implemented at the sources to stably and optimally split the flow between each source-destination pair and shows that the connection-level throughput region of such multi-path routing/congestion control algorithms can be larger than that of a single-path congestion control scheme.
Abstract: We consider the problem of congestion-aware multi-path routing in the Internet. Currently, Internet routing protocols select only a single path between a source and a destination. However, due to many policy routing decisions, single-path routing may limit the achievable throughput. In this paper, we envision a scenario where multi-path routing is enabled in the Internet to take advantage of path diversity. Using minimal congestion feedback signals from the routers, we present a class of algorithms that can be implemented at the sources to stably and optimally split the flow between each source-destination pair. We then show that the connection-level throughput region of such multi-path routing/congestion control algorithms can be larger than that of a single-path congestion control scheme.
449 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes a new position-based routing scheme called Anchor-based Street and Traffic Aware Routing (A-STAR), designed specifically for IVCS in a city environment, and shows significant performance improvement in a comparative simulation study with other similar routing approaches.
Abstract: One of the major issues that affect the performance of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANET) is routing. Recently, position-based routing for MANET is found to be a very promising routing strategy for inter-vehicular communication systems (IVCS). However, position-based routing for IVCS in a built-up city environment faces greater challenges because of potentially more uneven distribution of vehicular nodes, constrained mobility, and difficult signal reception due to radio obstacles such as high-rise buildings. This paper proposes a new position-based routing scheme called Anchor-based Street and Traffic Aware Routing (A-STAR), designed specifically for IVCS in a city environment. Unique to A-STAR is the usage of information on city bus routes to identify an anchor path with high connectivity for packet delivery. Along with a new recovery strategy for packets routed to a local maximum, the proposed protocol shows significant performance improvement in a comparative simulation study with other similar routing approaches.
432 citations