Equal-cost multi-path routing

About: Equal-cost multi-path routing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10472 publications have been published within this topic receiving 249362 citations.

A Novel Trust-Aware Geographical Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: Wireless sensor networks are vulnerable to a wide set of security attacks, including those targeting the routing protocol functionality. The applicability of legacy security solutions is disputable (if not infeasible), due to severe restrictions in node and network resources. Although confidentiality, integrity and authentication measures assist in preventing specific types of attacks, they come at high cost and, in most cases, cannot shield against routing attacks. To face this problem, we propose a secure routing protocol which adopts the geographical routing principle to cope with the network dimensions, and relies on a distributed trust model for the detection and avoidance of malicious neighbours. A novel function which adaptively weights location, trust and energy information drives the routing decisions, allowing for shifting emphasis from security to path optimality. The proposed trust model relies on both direct and indirect observations to derive the trustworthiness of each neighboring node, while it is capable of defending against an increased set of routing attacks including attacks targeting the indirect trust management scheme. Extensive simulation results reveal the advantages of the proposed model.

Resource pooling in queueing networks with dynamic routing

Abstract: In this paper we investigate dynamic routing in queueing networks. We show that there is a heavy traffic limiting regime in which a network model based on Brownian motion can be used to approximate and solve an optimal control problem for a queueing network with multiple customer types. Under the solution of this approximating problem the network behaves as if the service-stations of the original system are combined to form a single pooled resource. This resource pooling is a result of dynamic routing, it can be achieved by a form of shortest expected delay routing, and we find that dynamic routing can offer substantial improvements in comparison with less responsive routing strategies.

GeoSVR: A map-based stateless VANET routing

Abstract: Compared with traditional routing techniques, geographic routing has been proven to be more suitable for highly mobile environments like Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) because of enhanced scalability and feasibility. These routings use greedy modes or forwarding paths to forward packets. However, the dynamic nature of vehicular network such as frequently changed topology, vehicles density and radio obstacles, could create local maximum, sparse connectivity and network partitions. We propose GeoSVR, a geographic stateless routing combined with node location and digital map. The proposed GeoSVR scheme enhances forwarding path to solve local maximum and sparse connectivity problem, and the proposed restricted forwarding algorithm overcomes unreliable wireless channel issues. In our study, simulations and real world experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed solution. Our results show GeoSVR can provide higher packet delivery ratio with comparable latency to other geographic routing schemes.

A new bandwidth guaranteed routing algorithm for MPLS traffic engineering

Abstract: In this paper, we present a new online algorithm for dynamically routing bandwidth guaranteed label switched paths (LSPs). LSP set-up requests are represented in terms of a pair of ingress and egress routers as well as its bandwidth requirement, and arrive one by one. There is no a priori knowledge regarding future LSP set-up requests and their characteristics. Our proposed algorithm considers not only the importance of critical links, but also the degree of their importance to routing possible future LSP set-up requests by characterizing their normalized bandwidth contribution to routing future LSP demands. Moreover, link residual bandwidth information, i.e., the link's capability of routing future LSPs, is also incorporated. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm performs better than the best known bandwidth guaranteed routing algorithm, the minimum interference routing algorithm, in terms of LSP rejection rate under both static and dynamic LSP set-up request arrivals.

Deprecation of Type 0 Routing Headers in IPv6

Abstract: The functionality provided by IPv6's Type 0 Routing Header can be exploited in order to achieve traffic amplification over a remote path for the purposes of generating denial-of-service traffic. This document updates the IPv6 specification to deprecate the use of IPv6 Type 0 Routing Headers, in light of this security concern. [STANDARDS- TRACK]