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Equal-cost multi-path routing

About: Equal-cost multi-path routing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10472 publications have been published within this topic receiving 249362 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article proposes a coding-aware opportunistic routing mechanism that combines hop-by-hop opportunistic forwarding and localized inter-flow network coding for improving the throughput performance of a WMN.
Abstract: Opportunistic routing is a new routing paradigm that takes advantage of the broadcast characteristic of a wireless channel for data delivery in a wireless mesh network. Network coding has recently emerged as a new coding paradigm that can significantly improve the throughput performance of a WMN. In this article we explore the combination of opportunistic routing and network coding for improving the performance of a WMN. We first review existing opportunistic routing and coding-aware routing protocols, respectively, classify these protocols based on different criteria, and discuss their merits and drawbacks. We then propose a coding-aware opportunistic routing mechanism that combines hop-by-hop opportunistic forwarding and localized inter-flow network coding for improving the throughput performance of a WMN. Through opportunistic forwarding, CORE allows the next-hop node with the most coding gain to continue the packet forwarding. Through localized network coding, CORE attempts to maximize the number of packets that can be carried in a single transmission. Simulation results show that CORE can significantly improve the throughput performance of a WMN as compared with existing protocols.

103 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A survey of the existing single-layer and cross-layer routing techniques in VANETs is presented, emphasizing on cross- layer routing protocols that utilize information at the physical, medium access control and network layers as routing parameters.
Abstract: Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) play an important role in intelligent transportation systems for improving security and efficiency. However, due to dynamic characteristics of the vehicular environment, routing remains a significant challenge in the VANETs. While single-layer routing protocols based on the traditional layered open systems interconnection (OSI) model are readily available, they often do not make use of important parameters at the lower three layers of the OSI model when making routing decision. Hence, for making optimal routing decision to gain superior network performance, there is a need to design cross-layer routing that allows information exchange between layers. In this article, a survey of the existing single-layer and cross-layer routing techniques in VANETs is presented, emphasizing on cross-layer routing protocols that utilize information at the physical, medium access control and network layers as routing parameters. An overview and challenges of routing are given, followed by a brief discussion of single-layer routing with more focus on geographic routing. Cross-layer routing protocols are then discussed in detail. The article then elaborates on some advantages and disadvantages of the existing routing approaches, cross-layer routing parameter selection and cross-layer design issues. Finally, some open research challenges in developing efficient routing protocols in the VANETs are highlighted.

103 citations

Patent
Paul Sweazey1
03 Mar 1993
TL;DR: In this paper, a routing symbol is provided, and as it crosses a bridge, the local target address of the bridge is dropped, and the local source address of a bridge node (in the far side ring) is added to the routing symbol.
Abstract: The present invention is directed to a system for routing data between rings. A routing symbol is provided, and as it crosses a bridge, the local target address of the bridge is dropped, and the local source address of the bridge node (in the far side ring) is added to the routing symbol. Fields are shifted in the routing symbol so that the value that was in a hop field becomes the local target address in the new ring. Because the routing symbol that arrives at the ultimate target has been transformed into a source node list, the return path is available to the target.

103 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents a new routing technique that can be applied for general two-layer detailed routing problems, including switchboxes, channels, and partially routed areas, and has performed as well as or better than existing algorithms.
Abstract: For the macrocell design style and for routing problems in which the routing regions are irregular, two-dimensional routers are often necessary. In this paper, a new routing technique that can be applied for general two-layer detailed routing problems, including switchboxes, channels, and partially routed areas, is presented. The routing regions that can be handled are very general: the boundaries can be described by any rectilinear edges, the pins can be on or inside the boundaries of the region, and the obstructions can be of any shape and size. The technique is based on an algorithm that routes the nets in the routing region incrementally and intelligently, and allows modifications and rip-up of nets when an existing shortest path is "far" from optimal or when no path exists. The modification steps (also called weak modification) relocate some segments of nets already routed to find a shorter path or to make room for a blocked net. The rip-up and reroute steps (called strong modifiction) remove segments of nets already routed to make room for a blocked connection; these steps are invoked only if weak modification fails. The algorithm has been rigorously proven to complete in finite time and its complexity has been analyzed. The algorithm has been implemented in the "C" programming language. Many test cases have been run, and on all the examples known in the literature the router has performed as well as or better than existing algorithms. In particular, Burstein's difficult switchbox example has been routed using one less column than the original data. In addition, the router has routed difficult channels such as Deutsch's in density and has performed better than or as well as YACR-II on all the channels available to us.

103 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work focuses on (partial) permutation, k-relation routing, routing to random destinations, dynamic routing, isotonic routing, fault tolerant routing, and related sorting results.

103 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202327
202268
20214
20204
201912
201833