Equivalent series resistance

About: Equivalent series resistance is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5335 publications have been published within this topic receiving 83362 citations. The topic is also known as: ESR.

Determination of Solar Cells Parameters under Illuminated Conditions

Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study of four methods for extracting solar cell parameters of the single diode lumped circuit model. These parameters are usually the saturation current, the series resistance, the ideality factor, the shunt conductance and the photocurrent. The methods are the vertical optimisation method, the analytical five-point method, and two methods we have proposed and based on the current voltage characteristics and the subsequently calculated conductance. Parameter values were extracted using these different methods from experimental I-V characteristic s of a commercial solar cell and a module.

Hold-up-time extension circuits

Abstract: The stored energy in the energy-storage capacitors of a power supply during the hold-up time is improved by providing two groups of energy storage capacitors, and by connecting one group of capacitors to the input of a hold-up-time extension circuit that has its output connected to the other group of energy-storage capacitors. Each group of energy-storage capacitors may consist of a single capacitor, or a number of capacitors connected in parallel. The hold-up-time extension circuit is designed so that its output is regulated at a voltage that is lower than the minimum regulation voltage of the output-stage dc/dc converter. As a result, the hold-up-time extension circuit is inactive during the normal operation mode. i.e., when the input voltage is present. In fact, during the normal operation mode both groups of capacitors are effectively connected in parallel so that their voltages are equal.

Low-resistance InGa(Al)As Tunnel Junctions for Long Wavelength Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Lasers

Abstract: A new method is proposed for a significant reduction of series resistance and device heating in long wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) based on InP. Our technique involves a twofold epitaxial growth with a buried low-resistance (3×10-6 Ωcm2) tunnel junction. The substitution of high-resistive p-type confining layers by low-resistive n-type material results in total resistances smaller 100 Ω even for the case of non-conducting dielectric mirrors. With the application of buried tunnel junctions in a VCSEL-structure, we could demonstrate small electrical series resistance (U < 1 V at 3 kAcm-2) and effective current confinement simultaneously. Furthermore, because of the laterally varying cavity length, an effective lateral waveguiding effect occurs.

Compact Models Based on Transmission-Line Concept for Integrated Capacitors and Inductors

Abstract: This paper presents a compact modeling methodology for inductors and capacitors based on transmission-line theory. Using continued fractions approximation, second- and third-order intrinsic inductor and capacitor models are demonstrated. With the second-order model, one can accurately predict inductor and capacitor behavior up to their first resonance frequencies. With the third-order model, one can match the measured inductor or capacitor response beyond the first resonance frequency. Wideband accurate passive models developed here are essential for transient and harmonic-balance analysis where out-of-band frequencies are important. The model parameters are extracted directly from S-parameter measurement without a need for optimization. Furthermore, the frequency-dependent nonlinear effects of spiral inductors and metal-insulator-metal capacitors are expressed based on simple models without resorting to frequency-dependent parameters