Topic
ESCRT
About: ESCRT is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1455 publications have been published within this topic receiving 89861 citations. The topic is also known as: endosomal sorting complex required for transport & GO:0036452.
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TL;DR: It is found that cargo is segregated into distinct subdomains on the endosomal membrane and that the transfer of exosome-associated domains into the lumen of theendosome did not depend on the function of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, but required the sphingolipid ceramide.
Abstract: Intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes are either sorted for cargo degradation into lysosomes or secreted as exosomes into the extracellular milieu. The mechanisms underlying the sorting of membrane into the different populations of intraluminal vesicles are unknown. Here, we find that cargo is segregated into distinct subdomains on the endosomal membrane and that the transfer of exosome-associated domains into the lumen of the endosome did not depend on the function of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, but required the sphingolipid ceramide. Purified exosomes were enriched in ceramide, and the release of exosomes was reduced after the inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinases. These results establish a pathway in intraendosomal membrane transport and exosome formation.
2,818 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on various strategies for purifying exosomes and discusses their biophysical and biochemical properties, and an update on proteomic analysis of exosome from various cell types and body fluids is provided and host-cell specific proteomic signatures are discussed.
2,093 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that Tsg101 protein, which functions in vacuolar protein sorting (Vps), is required for HIV-1 budding, and that retroviruses bud by appropriating cellular machinery normally used in the Vps pathway to form multivesicular bodies.
1,407 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ubiquitination serves as a signal for sorting into the multivesicular body pathway and proposed that ESCRT-I represents a conserved component of the endosomal sorting machinery that functions in both yeast and mammalian cells to couple ubiquitin modification to protein sorting and receptor downregulation in the MVB pathway.
1,344 citations
TL;DR: The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery sorts cargo labelled with ubiquitin into invaginations of endosome membranes and mediates the breaking off of the cargo-containing intraluminal vesicles from the perimeter membrane.
Abstract: Selective trafficking of membrane proteins to lysosomes for destruction is required for proper cell signalling and metabolism. Ubiquitylation aids this process by specifying which proteins should be transported to the lysosome lumen by the multivesicular endosome pathway. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery sorts cargo labelled with ubiquitin into invaginations of endosome membranes. Then, through a highly conserved mechanism also used in cytokinesis and viral budding, it mediates the breaking off of the cargo-containing intraluminal vesicles from the perimeter membrane. The involvement of the ESCRT machinery in suppressing diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and infections underscores its importance to the cell.
1,268 citations