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Esterase
About: Esterase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7622 publications have been published within this topic receiving 168270 citations.
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TL;DR: Nine serotypes were represented, one being subdivided into two subtypes on the basis of secondary H antigens, and there was a close correlation between the serological classification and that based on esterase analysis.
Abstract: Summary. Forty-six isolates of protein crystal-forming bacteria pathogenic for insects were studied in an attempt to correlate classifications based on biochemical reactions, flagellar antigens, and esterase patterns obtained when cell extracts were analysed by electrophoresis in starch gel.
Nine serotypes were represented, one being subdivided into two subtypes on the basis of secondary H antigens. There was a close correlation between the serological classification and that based on esterase analysis. The relationships between the three types of classification are described and the significance of esterase analysis in this context is discussed.
104 citations
TL;DR: The description of feruloyl esterase activity in L. plantarum is described and new insights into the metabolism of hydroxycinnamic compounds in this bacterial species are provided.
Abstract: Lactobacillus plantarum is frequently found in the fermentation of plant-derived food products, where hydroxycinnamoyl esters are abundant. L. plantarum WCFS1 cultures were unable to hydrolyze hydroxycinnamoyl esters; however, cell extracts from the strain partially hydrolyze methyl ferulate and methyl p-coumarate. In order to discover whether the protein Lp_0796 is the enzyme responsible for this hydrolytic activity, it was recombinantly overproduced and enzymatically characterized. Lp_0796 is an esterase that, among other substrates, is able to efficiently hydrolyze the four model substrates for feruloyl esterases (methyl ferulate, methyl caffeate, methyl p-coumarate, and methyl sinapinate). A screening test for the detection of the gene encoding feruloyl esterase Lp_0796 revealed that it is generally present among L. plantarum strains. The present study constitutes the description of feruloyl esterase activity in L. plantarum and provides new insights into the metabolism of hydroxycinnamic compounds in this bacterial species.
104 citations
TL;DR: A new carbonic anhydrase from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 was identified and characterized and showed biochemical properties never observed for the mammalian enzyme.
Abstract: A new carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 was identified and characterized. The bacterial carbonic anhydrase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli yielding an active enzyme, which was purified in large amounts. The recombinant protein (SspCA) was found to belong to the α-CA class and displays esterase activity. The kinetic parameters were determined by using CO(2) and p-nitrophenylacetate (p-NpA) as substrates. The bacterial enzyme presented specific activity comparable to that of bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA II) but it showed biochemical properties never observed for the mammalian enzyme. The thermophilic enzyme, in fact, was endowed with high thermostability and with unaltered residual activity after prolonged exposure to heat up to 100°C. SspCA and the bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA II) were immobilized within a polyurethane (PU) foam. The immobilized bacterial enzyme was found to be active and stable at 100°C up to 50 h.
104 citations
TL;DR: No electrophoretic variants were identified in a limited population survey of post-mortem tissues from adults and foetuses, except for the previously described esterase D (ESD) phenotypes.
Abstract: 1. The esterase isozymes of human tissues have been investigated using the technique of starch-gel electrophoresis. Conventional naphthyl-azo dye linked stains and new fluorogenic staining methods were used to detect the isozymes. 2. Multiple isozymes were identified in every tissue and they were characterized in terms of their electrophoretic mobility, tissue distribution, developmental changes in utero, substrate specificity, inhibition properties and molecular weight. On these criteria 13 sets of esterase isozymes were identified, in addition to the esterase isozymes due to cholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase. 3. The data suggest that the 13 sets of isozymes are determined by at least nine different structural gene loci. 4. No electrophoretic variants were identified in a limited population survey of post-mortem tissues from adults and foetuses, except for the previously described esterase D (ESD) phenotypes.
104 citations
TL;DR: An autosomal segment comprising at least 15cM of the rat and mouse genomes appears to have remained relatively intact with respect to genetic content during rodent speciation and a new polymorphism for mouse esterase was described.
Abstract: Recombination between Esterase-4 and Esterase-2 in the rat was not observed in 278 backcross offspring. Es-4 is thus included within the "esterase cluster" in Linkage group V. A new map of this region was constructed and the relationship of the four esterase loci was found to be: Es-4–(9.6 ± 1.6 cM)–Es-2, Es-4–(1.5 ± 0.7 cM)–Es-3 . Homology of this region with a region of Linkage Group XVIII (Chromosome 8) of the mouse was proposed on the basis of tissue distribution, subcellular localization and response of enzymes to inhibitors. Specifically, rat Es-1 was suggested as the homolog of mouse Es-2, rat Es-2 as the homolog of mouse Es-1, and rat Es-4 as the homolog of mouse Es-6. An autosomal segment comprising at least 15 cM of the rat and mouse genomes appears to have remained relatively intact with respect to genetic content during rodent speciation. In addition, a new polymorphism for mouse esterase was described. The locus was designated Esterase-10 (Es-10) and proposed as the mouse homolog of human Esterase D. Linkage of Es-10 with nucleoside phosphorylase-1 (Np-1) on Chromosome 14 was established.
104 citations