Ethylene glycol

About: Ethylene glycol is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34671 publications have been published within this topic receiving 764447 citations. The topic is also known as: ethylene alcohol & 1,2-dihydroxyethane.

Novel copolyesters containing naphthalene structure. II. Copolyesters prepared from 2,6-dimethyl naphthalate, 1,4-dimethyl terephthalate, and ethylene glycol

Abstract: Copolyesters containing rigid segments (naphthalene and terephthalene) and flexible seg-ments (aliphatic diol) structure were synthesized from DMN/DMT/EG (2,6-dimethyl naphthalate/1,4-dimethyl terephthalate/ethylene glycol) ternary monomers with various mole ratios. Copolyesters having intrinsic viscosities of 0.52–0.65 dL/g were obtained by melt polycondensation in the presence of metallic catalysts. The effect of reaction tem-perature and time on the formation of the copolyesters was investigated to obtain an op-timum condition for copolyester manufacturing. The optimum condition for PNT (poly-ethylene naphthalate terephthalate) copolyester manufacturing is the transesterification under nitrogen atmosphere for 4 h at a temperature of 185±2°C followed by polymerization under 2 mm Hg for 2 h at a temperature of 280°C. Most copolyesters have better solubilities than poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in various solvents. The effect of the starting mole ratio of DMN, DMT, and EG on the thermal properties of the resulted copolyesters was also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Glass transition temperatures of copolyesters were in the range of 70.7–115.2°C, and 10% weight loss in nitrogen were all above 426°C. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Effects of water-miscible organic solvents on the reaction of lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Abstract: The oxidation of lignin peroxidase (LiP) of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was examined using various phenolics and aromatic amines as substrates in organic solvents. LiP oxidized 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine more effectively in several 70% aqueous water-miscible organic solvents including ethylene glycol and methylcellosolve than in water. LiP activity in water-miscible organic solvents was correlated with the Dimroth-Reichardt parameter ( E T (30)) of the solvents, which is directly related to free energy of the solvation process. In addition, absorption spectra of LiP in several glycols were similar to those in succinate buffer. These results suggest that these glycols do not disturb the conformation around the active center, heme, of LiP. Furthermore, LiP catalyzed the oxidation of several phenolics and aromatic amines including 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine, o -, and p -phenylenediamines and o -aminophenol in 70% aqueous ethylene glycol solution. These substrates were shown to have low ionization potential and high hydrophobicity, and thus to be suitable substrates for the reaction of LiP in water-miscible organic solvents.

The chemotherapeutic potential of glycol alkyl ethers: structure-activity studies of nine compounds in a Fischer-rat leukemia transplant model.

Abstract: Structure-activity studies with nine glycol alkyl ethers were conducted with a cellular leukemia transplant model in male Fischer rats. This in vivo assay measures the effects of chemical treatment on neoplastic progression in transplant recipients. Chemicals were given ad libitum in the drinking water simultaneously with the transplants and continued throughout the study. In all, 20 million leukemic cells were injected s.c. into syngeneic rats, which after 60 days resulted in a 10-fold increase in relative spleen weights, a 100-fold increase in white blood cell counts, and a 50% reduction in red blood cell (RBC) indices and platelet counts. At this interval, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-ME) given at a dose of 2.5 mg/ml in the drinking water completely eliminated all clinical, morphological, and histopathological evidence of leukemia, whereas the same dose of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (2-EE) reduced these responses by about 50%. Seven of the glycol ethers were ineffective as anti-leukemic agents, including ethylene glycol, the monopropyl, monobutyl, and monophenyl ethylene glycol ethers, diethylene glycol, and the monomethyl and monoethyl diethylene glycol ethers. 2-ME more than doubled the latency period of leukemia expression and extended survival for at least 210 days. A minimal effective dose for a 50% reduction in the leukemic responses was 0.25 mg/ml 2-ME in the drinking water (15 mg/kg body weight), whereas a 10-fold higher dose of 2-EE was required for equivalent antileukemic activity. In addition, the in vitro exposure of a leukemic spleen mononuclear cell culture to 2-ME caused a dose- and time-dependent reduction in the number of leukemia cells after a single exposure to 1–100 µM concentrations, whereas the 2-ME metabolite, 2-methyoxy-acetic acid, was only half as effective. The two glycol alkyl ethers with demonstrable anti-leukemic activity, 2-ME and 2-EE, also exhibited a favorable efficacy-to-toxicity ratio and should be considered for further development as chemotherapeutic agents.