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Showing papers on "European union published in 1980"


01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the background to and motivation for a regional economic policy at a national level: introduction causes of regional disequilibrium backwash and spread effects regional growth models international trade theory applied to regions economic motives for regional economic policies the environmental argument for regionaleconomic policy the social issues regional policy and economic recession the regional multiplier compatibility between regional economicpolicy and general economic policy, the attraction model, the Porter model and the regions.
Abstract: Part 1 The background to and motivation for a regional economic policy at a national level: introduction causes of regional disequilibrium backwash and spread effects regional growth models international trade theory applied to regions economic motives for regional economic policy the environmental argument for regional economic policy the social motives for regional economic policy the political issues regional policy and economic recession the regional multiplier compatibility between regional economic policy and general economic policy at the national and European Union levels defining regional economic policy. Part 2 regional disparities in the European Union: introduction the geographical distribution of the population activity rates employment unemployment regional labour market balances income disparities the example of the United State measurement of regional disparities and the evolution of income disparities in the countries of the EU regional disparities, economic structure and shift-share analysis types of problem regions in the EU. Part 3 region - a relative notion: definition of an economic region regional prototypes the interaction principle some further considerations. Part 4 Micro and macro-aspects of the location of forms: introduction Weber, the father of location theory a macro-economic approach - the gravitation and potentiality model transportation costs and distance cists (frais de communication) industrial location and economic potential in western Europe the importance of location factors innovative activities and location theories on the spatial distribution of economic activities - models of spatial organization, growth pole theory, the growth pole concept and regional economic policy, the attraction model, the Porter model and the regions. Part 5 European urban developments and urban planning: introduction a general presentation of the stages of urban development urban development in the EU considerations regarding city size the advantages of urban concentration the disadvantages of urban concentration urban concentration and individual preferences urban concentration and living costs urban concentration and the quality of urban life urban policies. Part 6 The impact of integration on the regions: introduction the fear of repercussions the spatial impact of a custom union - the Giersch model. (Part contents).

168 citations


Book
12 May 1980
TL;DR: The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa as mentioned in this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the history, politics, foreign policies, and critical contemporary events and issues of each country in the region.
Abstract: Now in its sixth edition, The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa continues to provide with authoritative and comprehensive overviews of the history, politics, foreign policies, and critical contemporary events and issues of each country in the Middle East and North Africa. Thoroughly revised and updated throughout, with chapters written specifically for this volume by invited specialists, this edition offers vital new considerations of the protests that followed President Ahmadinejads 2009 reelection; the political dynamics and foreign policy of postwar Iraq; Israels post-Sharon politics and policies; the fragmentation of Palestinian representation between Hamas in Gaza and Fatah in the West Bank; Syrias emergence from US-led international isolation; Turkeys evolving relations with the United States, Russia, and the European Union, and its ongoing confrontation with the Kurdish question; and the paralysis and crisis of the Lebanese government. Facilitating cross-national comparison and contrast, the chapters address in common the topics of historical background, political structures and institutions, political dynamics, social and economic conditions, and foreign and national security policies. In addition, revised data tables for each country provide ready summaries of the ethnic groups, religious affiliations, major political parties, and leading import/export partners in each country. Each chapter concludes with an annotated bibliography as a guide to further reading. Seventeen new maps specially drawn for this edition represent each of the countries.

48 citations


Book
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The authors examines the origins and development of the European Union by looking at the life and works of Jean Monnet, a founding father of European unity, who was never elected to power but exerted great influence behind the scenes of American and European governments.
Abstract: This text examines the origins and development of the European Union by looking at the life and works of Jean Monnet, a founding father of European unity. Little-known and never elected to power, he nevertheless exerted great influence behind the scenes of American and European governments.

31 citations


01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the proposed draft of LEED for Healthcare facilities includes credits for lead-free and non-halogen cable solutions, which are not eligible for any LEED credits related to recycling content.
Abstract: Belden strives to provide cable solutions with the best possible product performance. To maintain this high level of quality, Belden uses primarily virgin materials but may occasionally use a small amount of recycled materials. These are primarily internal recycled materials that go back into the same process that generated it. Therefore, our products are not eligible for any LEED credits related to recycling content. It should also be noted that credits for recycling are not applicable to electrical systems, which may include wire and cable. At this time, there are no credits related to the use of environmentally friendly virgin material in wire and cable. However, the proposed draft of LEED for Healthcare facilities includes credits for lead-free and non-halogen cable solutions. Belden’s products are lead free and European Union RoHS compliant, meaning they do not contain lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, mercury, PBBs or PBDEs above the allowable limits. Belden strives to be an environmentally friendly manufacturer by providing products that, in addition to RoHS, meet California Proposition 65, European Union WEEE, and China RoHS. Belden will continue to monitor any updates to the LEED rating system related to wire and cable products, and update this posing accordingly.

12 citations


01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The situation at land border crossing points into the EU has received less attention than Europe's southern sea borders, where migrants’ lives are at risk as discussed by the authors, and although FRA research shows that land border checks of thirdcountry nationals are generally conducted routinely and take place without incident, a number of challenges affect travellers' fundamental rights.
Abstract: The situation at land border crossing points into the EU has received less attention than Europe’s southern sea borders, where migrants’ lives are at risk. Although FRA research shows that land border checks of thirdcountry nationals are generally conducted routinely and take place without incident, a number of challenges affect travellers’ fundamental rights. These range from disrespectful treatment to the failure to identify persons in need of protection. Such challenges must not be neglected. Together with two FRA sister reports on the EU’s air and southern sea borders, this report’s findings serve to inform EU and Member State practitioners and policy makers of fundamental rights challenges that can emerge at land borders. Increased awareness should also help to create a shared understanding among border guards of what fundamental obligations mean for their daily work, ultimately enhancing fundamental rights compliance at the EU’s external borders.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although free movement of doctors between member states of the EEC is now permitted, there has been little evidence of medical migration within the community and, indeed, little increase in professional contact between the doctors of the countries concerned.
Abstract: HARMONIZATION has been the soothing word pervading many documents about various aspects of the European Economic Community (EEC). In medicine it implies the pursuit of common policies in training requirements, both in the undergraduate and postgraduate periods, and the application of minimal acceptable standards of practice throughout the community. It will be many years before these aims are fully realized, and although free movement of doctors between member states of the EEC is now permitted, there has been little evidence of medical migration within the community and, indeed, little increase in professional contact between the doctors of the countries concerned. . . .

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The second Lome Convention signed by Ireland's Foreign Minister representing the EEC, Michael O'Kennedy, invited the assembled company to welcome Lome II as a constructive initiative in North-South relations as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The original Lome Convention linking the EEC with some 58 African, Caribbean and Pacific states (the ACP) expired on 29 February 1980.1 The relationship was renewed, however, by the second Lome Convention signed on 31 October 1979.2 To the background beat of Togo's bongo drums, Michael O'Kennedy, Ireland's Foreign Minister representing the EEC, invited the assembled company to welcome Lome II as a constructive initiative in North-South relations. The ACP representatives, doubtless bemused by Mr O'Kennedy's use of Irish as well as English, were less euphoric. They were acutely aware of Lome IPs deficiencies judged in the light of their own negotiating demands. Throughout the 1978-9 negotiations to renew the 1975 Lome Convention they rejected the notion of a purely cosmetic exercise and pursued a maximalist negotiating strategy.3 They pointed to their rapidly deteriorating trade balance with the EEC (passing from surplus to deficit under the first Lome regime), the stultifying impact of the rules of origin and the cumbersome aid procedures. Disillusioned with the existing partnership, the ACP negotiators were none the less sanguine about the prospects for major advances.4 They preserved a precarious unity during the negotiations despite their own internal conflicts and dissension between African, Caribbean and Pacific interests ; anglophone versus francophone ; richer versus less developed ; and even within Africa, between West Africa and the states of Central and East Africa. Signature of the new Convention was delayed by intraACP differences triggered by the peremptory EEC announcement in June 1979 of the end of negotiations. The 1979 Convention, like its predecessor, rests on three principal features.5 1 The ACP states are divided into the following categories by the Convention : The Least Developed Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Dominica, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome e Principe, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Is, Somalia, St Lucia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda and Upper Volta. (Many of these are in fact islands or landlocked states). The Island and Landlocked Bahamas, Barbados, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Jamaica, Madagascar, Mauritius, Papua-New Guinea, Trinidad and Tobago, and Zambia. The Others Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guyana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Surinam and Zaire. (Zaire has requested to be included in the landlocked group.) a Lome II cannot come into force until it is ratified by all nine EEC member states and twothirds of the ACP states. This is unlikely to happen until the autumn of 1980 at the earliest. 8 Ministerial Conference opening the negotiations on the new ACP-EEC Convention, Doc. ACP/CEE/95-e/78. 4 See the statement by the ACP Council President, Michel Anchouey of Gabon, in Europe, n. 2708, 28 June 1979, p. 4. 6 For an analysis of the first Lome Convention and its predecessors see Carol Cosgrove Twitchett, Europe and Africa: from Association to Partnership (London: Saxon House, 1978).

1 citations



Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: The idea of a united Europe, a harmonious and democratic polity and an integrated economy that could become a third super-power is a concept that has tantalised most West European statesmen ever since Jean Monnet and others preached it in the post-war chaos as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This is a book about British politics. But it is set in a European context. Britain is now, as it always has been, a country on the fringe of a continent, always a part of Europe but always looking outwards. The oceans have often seemed as narrow as the Channel. Centuries of insular, uninvaded history inevitably make Britain difficult ground for the burgeoning of the European dream. None the less many Britons have shared in that dream, the idea of a united Europe, a harmonious and democratic polity and an integrated economy that could become a third super-power. It is a concept that has tantalised most West European statesmen ever since Jean Monnet and others preached it in the post-war chaos. Winston Churchill in his Zurich speech of 1946 seemed to endorse it and in 1948 at the Hague he launched the European Movement. The Marshall Plan gave tangible shape to European cooperation and in 1950, with the Schuman Plan for a Coal and Steel Community, it took institutional form. Further landmarks in multinational linkage came with the Brussels Treaty (1948 — leading to Western European Union in 1954); NATO (1949); the Council of Europe (1949); and the European Convention on Human Rights (1950).

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In terms of the history of European security, so inescapably bound to national and international political developments, 1950 can well be termed "The Fateful Year" as mentioned in this paper, where major economic developments over coal and steel which had repercussions well beyond the confines of those two strategic materials and it saw the outbreak of the Korean War which was to throw into high relief the smouldering unresolved question of German rearmament.
Abstract: In terms of the history of European security, so inescapably bound to national and international political developments, 1950 can well be termed ‘The Fateful Year’. It saw major economic developments over coal and steel which had repercussions well beyond the confines of those two strategic materials and it saw the outbreak of the Korean War which was to throw into high relief the smouldering unresolved question of German rearmament. Europeans had to face the realities so starkly posed — they could not run away — but the complexities and emotions which these dramatic events aroused were to prove too much for them to accommodate so quickly: they could only define lines of possible action and even on these they were not unanimous. The central issue was Germany, and in 1950 the search began for an acceptable solution. It was a search which was to end in the failure of the European Defence Community nearly four years later, yet one which — paradoxically through that very failure — eventually found a solution in Western European Union.