Showing papers on "European union published in 1982"

Documents on the History of European Integration

Abstract: 3. The struggle for European Union by political parties and pressure groups in Western European countries 1945-1950

Africa and the Ideology of Eurafrica: Neo-Colonialism or Pan-Africanism?

Abstract: This article is an inquiry into the major causes of the continued state of underdevelopment and dependency of Africa in spite of its enormous wealth and tremendous economic potential. It constitutes a follow-up to earlier, historical queries on the present state of African economies:

Respiratory Disease Mortality in Agricultural Workers in Eight Member Countries of the European Community

Abstract: A co-operative study by representatives of eight member countries of the EEC into the problem of respiratory disease among agricultural workers is reported. From each country mortality data (routinely collected but often unpublished) were obtained for seven disease categories in the country as a whole, and separately where possible for urban and rural areas, and agricultural workers. The results indicate that comparable data can be collected from different countries despite variations in local methods of data collection and coding. There are large between country differences in respiratory disease mortality rates, and data for agricultural workers in France and England and Wales suggest an excess respiratory disease deaths (mainly pneumonia and influenza) among agricultural workers.

Simulation of the effects of vehicle impacts on restrained child occupants - part c: performance of adult seat belts when used to restrain child dummies in simulated frontal impacts

Abstract: Vehicle design and safety the Transport Act of 1981 will lead to increased use of adult lap and diagonal belts by children aged between one and fourteen years. Since children in the range one to 4.3/4 years are the least likely to fit adult seat belts, the tests desribed concentrate on this age range using a three-year old TNO 50 percentile dummy. The performance of adult restraints on children has been judged against the requirements of the two current UK child restraint standards. Simulated frontal impact tests to ECE44 and ECE16 were carried out on the kl/mp dynamic test rig at the Middlesex polytechnic. Results showed that the lap and diagonal belt configuration complied with the forward movement and chest deceleration limits of ECE44 and it was predicted that no head contact would occur in the majority of accidents. The lap belt only configuration resulted in excessive forward movement, with a substantial risk of head contact in 86 per cent of current European vehicles with the front seat at its maximum forward position. With the seat in the mid-way position, head contact was possible in about 50 per cent of family cars. For Part A of the article see TRIS no. 362299. For Part B see TRIS no. 373342. (TRRL)

The Lomé Convention and The International Law of Development: A Concretisation of The New International Economic Order?

Abstract: At the beginning of the 1980s the North–South dialogue seems to have lost much of its momentum. The prevalent feeling is characterised by frustration about the dialogue's practical achievements, by growing cynicism as to its possibilities and by little hope in regard to new initiatives. The reasons for this view are manifold: the failure of major international conferences, the set-back in the negotiations on new international instruments, the standstill at the global level because of the hesitation of some countries, in particular the United States, which is reconsidering its development policy, and the deterioration of the social and economic situation in most developing countries. Given the growing economic difficulties in many industrialised states, the international climate for the necessary restructuring of the international economic order seems to have gradually worsened. This situation led the Brandt Commission to include in its report a proposal for a North–South summit conference of a limited number of heads of states or governments so as to create a new political impetus. This proposal materialised in the summit conference at Cancun, Mexico, convened by the Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky and the Mexican President Lopes Portillo. One of the hoped-for results of the Cancun summit was to reach consensus on the opening of a “global round of negotiations”, which would provide the framework for a comprehensive effort within the United Nations towards a New International Economic Order (N.I.E.O.).

The Lomeé Convention: an Evaluation of E.E.C. Economic Assistance to the A.C.P. States

Abstract: TH E P RIMARY purpose of this article is to offer a critical, multifaceted evaluation of the economic assistance extended by the European Economic Community (E.E.C.) to the African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of states (A.C.P.s) under the terms of the Convention of Lome.1 The first agreement was concluded in I975, followed by the second in I979, which runs until March I9852. Both, of course, were signed in the capital of Togo. The Lome Convention is largely a product of the E.E.C. association policy, included as Articles I31-I36 in the Treaty of Rome,3 primarily at the insistence of France. This led to the Implementing Convention of 1958 which governed the aid and trade ties between the E.E.C. and the 17 colonial dependencies of member states. Specifically, the Implementing Convention instituted a free-trade area between the associated dependencies and the Community, and created the European Development Fund (E.D.F. or Fund) as a source of supplementary aid. With independence the Implementing Convention was replaced by the Conventions of Association between the Community and the Association of African and Malagasy States Yaounde I of 1963, and Yaounde II of 1969, as they came to be widely known. These retained the trade regime of their predecessor, with slight modifications, but substantially increased E.D.F. aid. Essentially, the Lome Convention consolidates and improves upon the Yaounde Conventions, the Commonwealth System of Preference, and a host of lesser agreements between the ex-colonial powers and mainly their former dependencies.