Topic
Evaporation (deposition)
About: Evaporation (deposition) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12987 publications have been published within this topic receiving 180073 citations.
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TL;DR: The results indicated preparation method was the decisive factor rather than size and morphology in the final degradation efficiency of ZnO powders.
341 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the probability of post-ionization of field evaporated ions is predicted as a function of field strength for all elements of interest in field evaporation, based on a physically realistic model potential.
332 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the technical progress that has occurred in the last decade in the development of Cd-free buffer layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based thin-film solar cells and modules.
329 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors classify thin-film deposition by laser evaporation into equilibrium and none-quilibrium processes according to the ways in which the source materials are vaporized.
Abstract: Among the various material growth techniques, physical vapor deposition of thin films encompasses many experimental forms. They can be categorized into equilibrium and none-quilibrium processes according to the ways in which the source materials are vaporized. Equilibrium process is typified by thermal evaporation including the conventional resistive heating, the more elaborate e-beam evaporation. as well as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Nonequilibrium processes include sputtering and many of its derivative forms such as ion beam deposition. In comparison with these techniques, thin-film deposition by laser evaporation is less well known and does not fall cleanly into either category. Depending on the laserconditions, the evaporation process can be either thermal, nonthermal, or a mixture of the two.
322 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-crystalline wurzite zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire array was successfully fabricated on an Al2O3 substrate by a simple physical vapor-deposition method at a low temperature of 450 °C.
Abstract: Well-aligned single-crystalline wurzite zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire array was successfully fabricated on an Al2O3 substrate by a simple physical vapor-deposition method at a low temperature of 450 °C...
317 citations