Showing papers on "Excoecaria agallocha published in 1994"
TL;DR: In the extremely skin irritant and caustic latex of Excoecaria agallocha the major part of the polyfunctional diterpene esters (DTE) are aliphatic polyunsaturated 9,13,14-orthoesters of the daphnane-type parent alcohol, esterified simultaneously in their 20-positions with alphatic saturated homologous n-carboxylic acids.
Abstract: In the extremely skin irritant and caustic latex of Excoecaria agallocha the major part of the polyfunctional diterpene esters (DTE) (group I) are aliphatic polyunsaturated 9,13,14-orthoesters of the daphnane-type parent alcohol 5 beta-hydroxyresiniferonol-6 alpha, 7 alpha-epoxide, esterified simultaneously in their 20-positions with aliphatic saturated homologous n-carboxylic acids (even numbered, C22-C30). The minor part of DTE is composed of analogous structures of 5 beta, 12 beta-dihydroxyresiniferonol-6 alpha, 7 alpha-epoxide (group II) and of aliphatic 13-polyunsaturated, 20-saturated diesters of the tigliane-type parent alcohol 12-deoxyphorbol (group III). All three groups of DTE exhibit practically no irritant activity on the mouse ear. By alkaline transesterification of groups I-III, the corresponding highly irritant multicomponent mixtures of Excoecaria factors A (OH-20 deacylated) are released. They comprise a mixture of the known Excoecaria factors A1/A2/A3 and three mixtures of hitherto unknown Excoecaria factors A4/A5, A6/A7 and A8/A9. The groups I-III are typical structures of "cryptic irritants". By an alternative, extremely mild separation procedure the highly irritant mixture A1/A2/A3 was obtained directly. It represents the "free" Excoecaria factors, the natural constituents of the latex responsible for its bioactivity.
37 citations
TL;DR: It was suggested that soil pH and salinity in the dry season are the important factors governing the zonal distribution of mangroves.
Abstract: Soil characteristics of mangrove forests at Amphur Laemngob, Trat Province, east Thailand were investigated in both dry andrainy seasons. Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba andRhizophora mucronata mainly grew as seaward mangroves.Rhizophora apiculata, Ceriops tagal, Excoecaria agallocha andBruguiera gymnorrhiza grew as meso mangroves in most cases.Lumnitzera racemosa was found as a landward mangrove. The salinity of the soil in which these 8 species grew was significantly higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Soil pH did not change irrespective of the season. Each species seemed to grow at inherent soil pH.
19 citations
TL;DR: Experimental brushparks were constructed in the Negombo Estuary using branches and twigs of six manrove and two non-mangrove species to investigate whether these materials had any effect on fish yielck, and it was observed that amongst the manroves, highest yields were obtained with Avicennia marina; lowest yields were with Excoecaria agallocha and Sonneratia caseolaris.
Abstract: Summary
Experimental brushparks were constructed in the Negombo Estuary using branches and twigs of six manrove and two non-mangrove species to investigate whether these materials had any effect on fish yielck. It was observed that amongst the manroves, highest yields were obtained with Avicennia marina; lowest yields were with Excoecaria agallocha and Sonneratia caseolaris. The yields from non-mangrove Syzgium corymbosa brushparks were similar to those of the mangrove species A. marina. It is suggestel that utilization of mangrove species such as A. marina, rather than E. agallocha, and non-mangrove species such as S. cumini, could not only maximize yields but also prevent the denudation of mangrove forests.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an application of SPOT satellite data for mangrove forest inventory in Cimauuk Delta West Java (Indonesia) was dealt with, where at least two types of mangroves could be identified from the SPOT image.
Abstract: This study deals with an application of SPOT satellite data for mangrove forest inventory in Cimauuk Delta West Java (Indonesia). Mangrove of the area (7100 Ha) has been gradually decreasing by human pressure especially for fisheries purposes. In fact, mangrove here is a result of afforestation since1960, with Rhizophora mucronata and R. apiculata as main planted species. Other species are Lunmitzera racemosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Avicennia which grow naturally. SPOT data were digitally analysed using Didactim software. A color composite image was analysed. A barycentric supervised classification and textural analysis were applie.d. As an intermediate data, infrared color aerial photographs at 1130,000 (1981) were interpreted manually. At least two mangrove types of mangrove could be identified from the SPOT image. Dense mangrove was found in Petak 7, Petak 8, Petak 9 and Petak 12. In the other Petaks, mangrove were less than 20% of their surface. Mangrove of Rhizophora in 26 Petaks covered 290 Ha only.
2 citations