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Showing papers on "Excoecaria agallocha published in 2010"


Journal Article
TL;DR: Among the extracts screened, the methanolic extract of Croton tiglium had the highest toxicity to brine shrimp (LC50 = 0.0924 g/ml).
Abstract: Twenty three Bangladeshi medicinal plants used in traditional medicines were evaluated for brine shrimp lethality toxicity. Different solvent extracts of Abroma augusta, Acanthus ilicifolius, Alstonia scholaris, Calotropis procera, Catharanthus roseus, Citrus grandis, Coccinia grandis, Croton tiglium, Cuscuta reflexa, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fomes, Ipomoea aquatica, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Madhuca indica, Musa sapientum, Nypa fruticans, Piper peepuloides, Premna esculenta, Saraca asoca, Sonneratia apetala, Stevia rebaudiana, Syzygium fruticosum, and Trichosanthes dioica were used in the study. Of the 23 plants tested, about 80% were toxic to brine shrimp (LC50 < 30 g/ml). Among the extracts screened, the methanolic extract of Croton tiglium had the highest toxicity to brine shrimp (LC50 = 0.0924 g/ml). The drug vincristine sulfate was considered as reference standard.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Compounds 1, 5-7, 9-10, and 13 showed anti-inflammatory potency to suppress expression of NF-κB and AP-1 targeted genes including TNF-α and IL-6 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse macrophages Raw 264.7 cells.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the in vitro antibacterial activity of column chromatographic fractions of n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water extracts of Excoecaria agallocha L. were determined against 24 localized and common bacterial pathogens.
Abstract: The in vitro antibacterial activity of column chromatographic fractions of n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water extracts of Excoecaria agallocha L. were determined against 24 localized and common bacterial pathogens. Antibacterial assay was performed by agar diffusion method against 4 specialized urinary tract pathogens, 10 antibiotic sensitive ophthalmic bacterial pathogens, 5 antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens and 5 fish pathogens. It was found that the 11th fraction of chloroform extract and the 30th fraction of water extract exhibited broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. These 2 active fractions were further investigated through UV-Visible, NMR and FT-IR and were characterized as benzoate and diterpenes and their derivatives viz., 2,3-secoatisane type diterpene and 3,4,5-trihydroxy methyl benzoate. Keywords: 2,3-secoatisane, 3,4,5-trihydroxy methyl benzoate, Diterpenes, Mangroves.

18 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Based on the studied phenotypic characteristics, strain Rh1 was identified as Streptomyces fradiae (Rh1) and Purification and characterization of potential actinomycetes strainRh1 is in progress, to prove its potential further.

13 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: It showed that plants assimilate Hg from different sources, such as water, sediment and air, and that Hg assimilated by plants could transfer among different plant organics, which is closely related to environment and physiological characteristics of mangrove plants.
Abstract: Plant is an important role in biogeochemical cycle of Hg. The aim of this study is to ascertain Hg accumulation in several kinds of mangrove plants, and to discuss relationship among Hg concentrations in mangrove plants and different Hg speciation in sediments. Contents of total mercury (THg) in mangrove plants and sediments were determined. Hg speciation was determined with a modified Tessier's method. Contents of THg of the mangrove plants were in the range of 817.5-3 197.6 ng/g. In detail, Hg concentration was (1 579.4 +/- 1 326.8) ng/g in Kandelia candel, (2 115.1 +/- 1 892.3) ng/g in Aegiceras corniculatum, (2 159.3 +/- 1 678.7) ng/g in Avicennia marina, (2 566.5 +/- 821.6) ng/g in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, (2 104.3 +/- 1 661.8) ng/g in Excoecaria agallocha, (3 197.6 +/- 2 782.8) ng/g in Sonneratia apetala, (817.5 +/- 632.3) ng/g in Acanthus ilicifolius, (1 801.8 +/- 1 255.4) ng/g in Rhizophora. stylosa, respectively. There are obvious interspecific variation, and organic variation in THg contents of mangrove plants, which is closely related to environment and physiological characteristics of mangrove plants. Enrichment of THg in mangrove plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of Sonneratia apetala > Bruguiera gymnorrhiza > Avicennia marina > Aegiceras corniculatum > Excoecaria agallocha > Rhizophora stylosa > Kandelia candel > Acanthus ilicifolius. Mercury exists mainly in volatile form in most mangrove wetlands, but mainly in the form of residue in sediments from Shenzhen mangrove wetlands. Significantly positive correlations were found among Hg concentrations in leaves and stems of Sonneratia apetala and volatile Hg, exchangeable Hg of sediments. Significantly positive correlations were also found among Hg concentrations in leaves of Excoecaria agallocha and volatile Hg, exchangeable Hg of sediments. But, there is no significant correlation between Hg concentrations of most mangrove plants and different Hg speciation in sediments. It showed that plants assimilate Hg from different sources, such as water, sediment and air, and that Hg assimilated by plants could transfer among different plant organics.

8 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: The study reports for the first time the hypoglycemic acivity of Excoecaria agallocha (L.) in mice.
Abstract: Excoecaria agallocha (L.) Leaves extract (ethanolic and aqueous 500 mg/ kg body wt.) were evaluated for its effect on blood sugar level in normal and alloxan induced wistar albino mice at various time points comparing it with standard drug metformin (75 mg/ kg). The studies indicated that the crude ethanolic extract exhibited significant hypoglycemic (P < 0.01) and anti- hyperglycemic (P < 0.001) activities in normal and alloxan – induced diabetic albino mice respectively. The study reports for the first time the hypoglycemic acivity of Excoecaria agallocha (L.) in mice.

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The comprehensive analyses showed that Sonneratia apetala,Aegiceras corniculatum,Excoecaria agallocha and Kandelia candel could safely survive the winter in the south part of Zhejiang Province,while the adaptability of other mangrove tree species to the studied area should be further experimented.
Abstract: To screen out the introduced mangrove species adaptive to the natural conditions in Wenzhou area,different provenances of mangrove species were experimented with and the annual growth of the experiment plots was investigatedThe results showed that survival rate of Kandelia candel,Sonneratia apetala,Aegiceras corniculatum and Excoecaria agallocha was 77%,73%,70% and 15% respectively,indicating the former 3 species could overwinter safely in the studied areaWhereas all the saplings of Laguncularia racemosa,Bruguiera gymnorhiza,Bruguiera sexangula varrhynchopetala,Rhizophora stylosa,Acanthus ilicifolius and Avicennia marina died in the winterCompared to the values measured in the summer,the increment amplitude of relative conductivity(RC) value of the tested species at 0℃ temperature was in the order that of Laguncularia racemosa Sonneratia apetala Aegiceras corniculatum one-year-old Kandelia candel eight-year-old Kandelia candelThe maximum increase of superoxide dismutase(SOD) value happened to Aegiceras corniculatum whose value measured at 0℃ increased by 105% compared to that of measured in the summerWhile the SOD values of Kandelia candel and Laguncularia racemosa did not change much with the seasonsThe proline(PRO) content in the leaves of Laguncularia racemosa in the winter increased by 2854% compared to the summer value,but there was very little change in this index for Sonneratia apetala and eight-year-old Kandelia candel along the seasonal changeThe comprehensive analyses showed that Sonneratia apetala,Aegiceras corniculatum,Excoecaria agallocha and Kandelia candel could safely survive the winter in the south part of Zhejiang Province,while the adaptability of other mangrove tree species to the studied area should be further experimented

4 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the seeds of Excoecaria agallocha were germinated in 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl concentrations and the maximum percentage (100%) of seed germination was recorded in fresh water and the minimum percentage (36%) of growth was observed in 200 mM NCL concentration.
Abstract: The present work is based on the observation of seed germination in Excoecaria agallocha in different concentrations of NaCl. The seeds of Excoecaria agallocha were germinated in 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl concentrations. The germinating seedlings were observed after 15 th and 30 th day of NaCl treatment. It was observed that the germination percentage were decreased with increasing NaCl salinity. The maximum percentage (100%) of seed germination was recorded in fresh water and the minimum percentage (36%) of germination was observed in 200 mM NaCl concentration.

4 citations



01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the flora composition,physiognomy and structure, types and distribution of mangrove community, and the causes of ecological changes at Shenzhen Bay.
Abstract: Mangrove communities are made up of five species of mangrove plants including Kandelia candel,Avicennia marina,Aegiceras corniculatum,Acanthus ilicifolius and Excoecaria agallocha at Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve of Shenzhen. The authors investigated the flora composition,physiognomy and structure,types and distribution of mangrove community,and the causes of ecological changes at Shenzhen Bay. Accumulation and distribution of various metal elements in these mangrove communities were studied. The major element K,Na,Ca,Mg contents in forest soil were homologous from bottom to surface layer;element Fe,Mn were increased slightly from bottom to surface layer;element Cr,Ni,Pb,Hg,Cd and essential element Zn,Cu were increased obviously from bottom to surface layer. Accumulation and distribution of various metal element in five mangrove plants were studied and analyzed by the same way,element K,Na,Ca,Mg contents in all the organism of mangrove plants were sufficient,element Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu contents at all the organism in mangrove plants were in the order of FeMnZnCu. The element Cr,Ni,Pb,Hg,Cd contents had an obvious disparity at all the organism of plants,Ni content was maximum in K.candel and E.agallocha,Pb content was maximum in A.marina,Cr content was maximum in A.corniculatum,Cu content was maximum in A.ilicifolius,Cd and Hg contents were minimum in all the mangrove plants. Accumulation and distribution of various metal element in mangrove plants was dependent on contents of various metal element in forest soil.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Results showed that under the low salinity 5,seed germination was similar to that under salinity 0, significantly higher than those under the middle salinity, 15 and under high salinities 25, the seedlings were successively dead in the first 2 months.
Abstract: Salinity is one of the most important factors influencing the distribution of mangrove plant Excoecaria agallocha.Under different salinities,rooting rate,germination index,seedling establishment rate of E.agallocha seed were investigated and also the situation of stem height,base diameter,leaf number,maximum leaf area of E.agallocha seedlings.Results showed that under the low salinity 5,seed germination was similar to that under salinity 0,significantly higher than those under the middle salinity,15.Under high salinities(25 and 35),seed germination was very low.Only half of the seeds can root,but can't grow,and nearly all the roots were burnt by the high salt.The seedlings growth showed nearly the same condition.Under high salinities(25 and 35),the seedlings were successively dead in the first 2 months.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Sreeja et al. as discussed by the authors assessed the status of mangroves in Thekkumbad island of Kerala state using the following parameters; total area covered, diversity, population structure and threats to mangrove.
Abstract: The status of mangroves in Thekkumbad island of Kerala state was documented and assessed using the following parameters; total area covered, diversity, population structure and threats to mangroves. The study was conducted in Dec. 2008 using the plot quadrate method. Ten plots were non-randomly distributed in the study area. Eleven true mangrove species and six associates were found in the study area (H’=1.76). The dominant species were Rhizophora mucronata , Bruguiera cylindrica, Sonneratia alba and Excoecaria agallocha with important values 35.83, 32.43, 13.31, 25.02 respectively. Considering the small area of the island , the diversity was relatively high compared to nearby mangrove rich areas. However the continuous anthropogenic activities posses threat to the survival of mangroves. Thus the management of the present mangrove is urgent for a sustainable living. --- Department of PG studies and Research in Botany, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kerala – 670142, India --- Please Cite This Article As: P. Sreeja and K.M. Khaleel. 2010. Status of Mangroves in Thekkumbad, Kannur, Kerala. J. Exp. Sci. 1(8):1-2.

Posted Content
TL;DR: Investigations on the wetland plant Excoecaria agallocha on human pathogens Escherichia coli and Streptococcus haemolyticus following the ‘Well Diffusion Assay’ found antimicrobial activity was found to be high in E. ag allocha and the zone of inhibition measured for E. coli and S. haemicalticus.
Abstract: Wetlands have an assemblage of flora and fauna with characteristics of removing pollutants from water and wastewater. The properties of pollution removal are absorption, adsorption and bioactivity. Bioactivity of wetland plants include growth regulation, antimicrobial and pesticidal effects. Bioactive chemicals abundant in wetland plants aid in reducing bacterial counts and chemical pollutants. Investigations are carried out on the wetland plant Excoecaria agallocha on human pathogens Escherichia coli and Streptococcus haemolyticus following the ‘Well Diffusion Assay’. Antimicrobial activity was found to be high in E. agallocha and the zone of inhibition measured for E. coli was 2.5 cm and that of S. haemolyticus was 1.25 cm diameter with 20 L (5 g) of methanolic extract of the plant. Column and thin layer chromatography were performed to isolate the secondary metabolites responsible for the bioactivity. Column chromatographed fractions eluted with 95:5 and 90:10 petroleum ether and ethyl acetate were found to have antimicrobial effects on E. coli and S. haemolyticus. The above fractions were subjected to Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The major compounds identified were hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 1, 2 benzene dicarboxylic acid, phytol and nitrobenzene which are reported to have antimicrobial effects.

Patent
03 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a cresol trimer compound from a root sample of Excoecaria agallocha which is a mangrove plant was used as a cell proliferation inhibitor or antitumor agent.
Abstract: The invention relates to cresol trimer compounds as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The compounds with novel structure are prepared from Penicillium expansum 091006 separated from a root sample of Excoecaria agallocha which is a mangrove plant. Proved by experiments, the compounds can be used as a cell proliferation inhibitor or antitumor agent.