Excoecaria agallocha

About: Excoecaria agallocha is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 362 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5042 citations. The topic is also known as: Gewa.

Change Detection of Tropical Mangrove Ecosystem with Subpixel Classification of Time Series Hyperspectral Imagery

Abstract: This chapter aims to use hyperspectral imagery to categorize saline blank classes amidst mangrove mixtures and analyze its changing patterns in the Sunderban Mangrove Forests of West Bengal, India. This research derives fractional abundance of mangrove endmembers at subpixel level with Fully Constrained Linear Spectral Unmixing (FCLSU) based on Least Square Error optimization criteria. NFINDR algorithm has been applied on time series hyperspectral image data of 2011 and 2014 to recognize pure saline blank and mangrove endmembers in the thickly forested study area followed by FCLSU to estimate mangrove species distribution maps of 2 years. The estimates in location 21° 34′ 24.81′′N and 88° 17′ 36.89′′E indicate a pure saline blank patch showing 74.47% occurrence with Phoenix paludosa, Avicennia alba, and Ceriops decandra showing 9.87%, 12.67%, and 2.99% presence in 2011. In 2014, the coordinate shows an increase in occurrence of saline blanks and Ceriops decandra but reduction in Phoenix paludosa and Avicennia alba. Ceriops decandra are salt-tolerant mangrove species that show an increase in abundance with increase in saline blanks. Phoenix paludosa which is salt intolerant shows a decrease in abundance with increase in saline blank areas. It is observed that mangroves, namely, Excoecaria agallocha and Ceriops decandra, are common and dominant around the saline blank areas. Salt-tolerant mangroves such as Avicennia marina and Avicennia alba are also observed to survive in certain locations of saline blanks.

Salt Stress: A Biochemical and Physiological Adaptation of Some Indian Halophytes of Sundarbans

Abstract: Experiment was conducted with five typical mangroves (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fomes, Phoenix paludosa, and Xylocarpus granatum) both from Sundarbans (in-situ) and grown in mesophytic condition (ex-situ, in the Indian Statistical Institute’s premises) since 15–17 years. A comparative account on PAR utilization for maximum photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, total leaf proteins, and polymorphic expression of two antioxidative enzymes (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and two hydrolyzing enzymes (esterase and acid phosphatase) were estimated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The present work revealed that the net photosynthesis was higher in mangroves from mesophytic habitats than those of the native plants, but the PAR acquisitions for maximum photosynthesis were greater in most of the Sundarbans species, except H. fomes and X. granatum. At the same time, the stomatal conductance was remarkably depleted under salinity stressed habitats than those of the nonsaline counterparts and ranged between nearly 25 and 52%. Total leaf protein content form the above said taxa revealed that the increment of total protein occurred in mesophytic habitat and it was ranged between 156% (in P. paludosa) and 5.7% (in X. granatum). PAGE analysis revealed that in most of the cases there were extra numbers of protein bands expressed with relatively low molecular weight in saline habitat plants. In all salinity imposed plants, there were sharp increase in band intensity and number of isoforms of each enzyme. Peroxidase increment in saline plants was ranged between 257% (in Bruguiera) and 139% (in Excoecaria). Similarly, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was estimated as 247% (in Heritiera) to 147% (in Excoecaria) in saline habitats. Increments of esterase and acid phosphatase were varied from 287% (in Phoenix) to 154% (in Excoecaria) and 293% (in Bruguiera) to 139% (in Excoecaria), respectively. Salinity imposed increment of antioxidant enzymes proved their efficient scavenging ability to evolved reactive oxygen species (ROS), but these increments were relatively lower in Heritiera and Xylocarpus even though the net photosynthesis was higher. This might be related to their less adaptability in elevated salinity stress than those of the other three species investigated from the same regime. Among the plants grown in in situ condition, some taxa have the better ability of enzyme production, which might be correlated with the efficient stress management practice. A statistical relationship was observed between the total protein content and the investigated enzyme concentration, dependent on the habitat and discussed accordingly.

Secoatisane‐ and Isopimarane‐Type Diterpenoids from the Chinese Mangrove Excoecaria agallocha L.

Abstract: Phytochemical investigations of the stems and leaves of the Chinese mangrove Excoecaria agallocha L. yielded one new secoatisane-type diterpenoid, agallochaol C (1), three new isopimarane-type diterpenoids, agallochaols D–F (2–4), along with four known diterpenoids 5–8. The structures of new compounds 1–4 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic-data interpretation and chemical evidence.

Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Excoecaria agallocha L. in alloxan induced diabetic mice

Abstract: Excoecaria agallocha (L.) Leaves extract (ethanolic and aqueous 500 mg/ kg body wt.) were evaluated for its effect on blood sugar level in normal and alloxan induced wistar albino mice at various time points comparing it with standard drug metformin (75 mg/ kg). The studies indicated that the crude ethanolic extract exhibited significant hypoglycemic (P < 0.01) and anti- hyperglycemic (P < 0.001) activities in normal and alloxan – induced diabetic albino mice respectively. The study reports for the first time the hypoglycemic acivity of Excoecaria agallocha (L.) in mice.

Impact of salinity on above ground biomass and stored carbon in a common mangrove Excoecaria agallocha of Indian Sundarbans

Abstract: The above ground biomass (AGB) and carbon stock of Excoecaria agallocha (a common mangrove plant species) were estimated in western and central Indian Sundarbans for five successive years (2005 – 2010). The two sectors are drastically different with respect to salinity on account of massive siltation that prevents the flow of fresh water of the River Ganga to the central sector of Indian Sundarbans. The biomass and carbon content of the above ground structures (stem, branch and leaf) of the species vary significantly with locality (p<0.01), the values being more in the high saline central sector on account of higher stem biomass. The tolerance of Excoecaria agallocha to high saline environment of lower Gangetic delta is confirmed.