Topic
Executive dysfunction
About: Executive dysfunction is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2941 publications have been published within this topic receiving 124718 citations.
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TL;DR: The ecological validity of EF tests and neuropsychological assessment procedures are examined, and adjunct methods of measurement are presented to enable a more comprehensive and valid assessment of EF.
Abstract: This review paper outlines the issues associated with the assessment of executive function (EF) in children and adolescents, and describes the developmental profile of executive processes across childhood At the outset, EF is defined, and cognitive and behavioral impairments associated with executive dysfunction (EDF) are described A developmental model of EF is proposed incorporating four discrete but inter-related executive domains (attentional control, cognitive flexibility, goal setting, and information processing) which operate in an integrative manner to enable “executive control” Characteristics that constitute traditional EF measures are discussed, as are the problems associated with test interpretation The ecological validity of EF tests and neuropsychological assessment procedures are examined, and adjunct methods of measurement are presented to enable a more comprehensive and valid assessment of EF Based on developmental and normative studies, the maturation of executive domains is mapped
1,829 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that more detailed research is needed to fractionate the executive system in autism by assessing a wide range of executive functions as well as their neuroanatomical correlates in the same individuals across the lifespan.
1,242 citations
TL;DR: This work proposes an integrative model that incorporates new neuroanatomical findings and emphasizes the interactions between parallel processing pathways as potential loci for dysfunction in ADHD and suggests a plan for future research on cognition grounded in neurophysiological and developmental considerations.
1,079 citations
TL;DR: Two theoretical models built around the idea of multiple neurodevelopmental pathways of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are elaborated, reviewing their relationship to one another in the light of recent data suggesting that delay aversion and executive functions might each make distinctive contributions to the development of the disorder.
866 citations
TL;DR: A causal model by which to understand psychological effects among OSA patients is outlined, proposing that sleep disruption and blood gas abnormalities prevent sleep‐related restorative processes, and further induce chemical and structural central nervous system cellular injury.
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is accompanied by significant daytime cognitive and behavioral deficits that extend beyond the effects of sleepiness. This article outlines a causal model by which to understand these psychological effects among OSA patients. The model proposes that sleep disruption and blood gas abnormalities prevent sleep-related restorative processes, and further induce chemical and structural central nervous system cellular injury. This, in turn, leads to dysfunction of prefrontal regions of the brain cortex (PFC), manifested behaviorally in what neuropsychologists have termed 'executive dysfunction'. Executive dysfunction is proposed to markedly affect the functional application of cognitive abilities, resulting in maladaptive daytime behaviors. The proposed model (1) accounts for the specific psychological phenotype associated with OSA, (2) accommodates developmental components in this phenotype, (3) bridges between physical and psychological phenomena, (4) suggests mechanisms by which the nocturnal disorder might have effects on daytime functioning, (5) is empirically testable, (6) generates unique research hypotheses, and (7) has practical implications. The model is intended to act as a catalyst for future research and as a preliminary guide for clinicians.
815 citations