Showing papers on "Exegesis published in 2017"
Book•
03 Jul 2017TL;DR: The Book of Revelation and Early Jewish Textual Culture as discussed by the authors explores the relationship between the writing of the New Testament and its early audience, especially its interaction with Jewish Scripture, and argues that John was not only a seer and prophet, but also an erudite reader of scripture.
Abstract: The Book of Revelation and Early Jewish Textual Culture explores the relationship between the writing of Revelation and its early audience, especially its interaction with Jewish Scripture. It touches on several areas of scholarly inquiry in biblical studies, including modes of literary production, the use of allusions, practices of exegesis, and early engagements with the Book of Revelation. Garrick Allen brings the Book of Revelation into the broader context of early Jewish literature, including the Dead Sea Scrolls and other important works. Arguing that the author of the New Testament Apocalypse was a 'scribal expert, someone who was well-versed in the content of Jewish Scripture and its interpretation', he demonstrates that John was not only a seer and prophet, but also an erudite reader of scripture.
31 citations
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the exegesis of Gregory of Nyssa, a 4th century exegete, a Church Father, and one of the three Cappadocian Fathers.
Abstract: This study focuses on the exegesis of Gregory of Nyssa, a 4th century exegete, a Church Father, and one of the three Cappadocian Fathers. The main primary source of my thesis is Gregory’s treatise The Life of Moses, an intriguing example of Patristic exegesis based on the Exodus narrative. The main purpose of Gregory’s treatise is not to make a historical presentation of the journey of Moses and the Israelites, but to elevate the reader into a higher state of consciousness in order to perceive the spiritual meaning of the narrative. The kind of exegesis that Gregory applies is often defined as allegorical interpretation or allegorical exegesis, rich on symbols and enigmas, which was at first neglected in scholarly discussion. Fortunately, there has been a growing interest in Biblical interpretation of the Church Fathers since the mid-20th century. The main objective of my thesis is to focus on Gregory’s interpretations of topographical imagery presented in the Exodus narrative. Gregory gives symbolical interpretations to topographical locations: the city, the river, the sea, the desert and the mountain. My intention is to show that Gregory was not thinking of the various symbolical interpretations as independent units but he was seeking for a logical coherent sequence. One of the main objectives of modern research has been the reassessment of Gregory’s sources. In order to understand Gregory’s exegetical and philosophical concepts and terminology, one must be aware of the rich and profound tradition already established in classical antiquity. Gregory makes moral, ascetical, philosophical and mystical interpretations in relation to each topographical detail. These figurative interpretations are by no means based on his original ideas but are rooted in the rich tradition of Greek classical culture, as well as in the exegetical tradition of his Jewish and Christian predecessors. My purpose is to provide a systematic analysis of each term Gregory is applying and present an overall model of Gregory’s exegetical method. The final aim of my thesis is to present an analysis of Gregory’s pattern of topographical symbols as a whole. Gregory connects the topographical details with his threefold pattern of illumination, purification and participation in a fascinating way. For Gregory, the exodus narrative is a journey of a soul being liberated from the bondage of passions, temptations and materialism towards an ever-increasing awareness of God’s presence.
20 citations
24 Apr 2017
TL;DR: Riddell as mentioned in this paper studied the two earliest works of Qur'anic exegesis from the Malay-Indonesian world and explored the 17th century context in the Sultanate of Aceh that produced them and the history of both texts.
Abstract: In this book Peter G. Riddell studies the two earliest works of Qur’anic exegesis from the Malay-Indonesian world. He explores the 17th century context in the Sultanate of Aceh that produced them and the history of both texts.
18 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines how Huldrych Zwingli wrote of his relationship to Martin Luther in two key works from 1523 and 1527, in his Auslegen und Grunde der Schlusreden and the later Amica exegesis.
Abstract: This article examines how Huldrych Zwingli wrote of his relationship to Martin Luther in two key works from 1523 and 1527. In his Auslegen und Grunde der Schlusreden and the later Amica exegesis, Z...
12 citations
Book•
23 Jan 2017
9 citations
TL;DR: This paper argued that the Rabbinic claim that Abraham had faith in the creation of the world is consistent with perfect being theology and consistent with a proper analysis of the nature of faith.
Abstract: This paper argues that God, despite his Perfection, can have faith in us. The paper includes exegesis of various Midrasihc texts, so as to understand the Rabbinic claim that God manifested faith in creating the world. After the exegesis, the paper goes on to provide philosophical motivation for thinking that the Rabbinic claim is consistent with Perfect Being Theology, and consistent with a proper analysis of the nature of faith. Finally, the paper attempts to tie the virtue that faith can exhibit to the virtues associated with art, as it is understood by R. G. Collingwood. This association is particularly apt, given the Midrashic description of God as an artist. All of this is offered in response to Rabbi Moses Nachmanides who argued (against other important commentaries) that Abraham’s faith, in Genesis 15:6, wasn’t worthy of particular praise.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze Fakhr al-Dīn al-Razzī's exegesis of Sūrat al-falaq in his voluminous tafsīr, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb.
Abstract: The present piece of research analyses Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s exegesis of Sūrat al-falaq in his voluminous tafsīr, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb. In his exegesis of Sūrat al-falaq, al-Rāzī draws on the insights of philosophical Sufism (ʿirfān), philosophy, and science in general, in addition to the transmitted (naqlī) sciences. The focus of al-Rāzī’s exegesis in this chapter is the problem of evil. According to al-Rāzī, evil is found only in the sublunar world, that is, the world of generation and corruption. And this is so owing to the fact that the sublunar world contains bodily substances, in contrast to the world of spirit, in which only spirits (arwāḥ) dwell. However, as his exegesis segues into the specific verses of Sūrat al-falaq, it begins to take a more polemical turn against the Muʿtazilites and other theological opponents. Al-Rāzī’s theodicy remains faithful in part to his Ashʿarite predecessors and, although he attempts to deconstruct the Muʿtāzilite position on this issue, he does not present an ...
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the exegetical principles of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1877-1960), a modernist Qur'an exegesis, are presented.
Abstract: Key figures in modernist Qur’an exegesis include Sayyid Ahmad Khan (d. 1898) and Muhammad ʿAbduh (d. 1905). This article presents the exegetical principles of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (1877–1960), a ...
6 citations
TL;DR: In an arts-based inquiry, an exegesis is that dissertation or thesis that accompanies a creative production (artefact) that may be a novel, a memoir, a computer game, poetry, sculpting, paintings as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In an arts-based inquiry, an exegesis is that dissertation or thesis that accompanies a creative production (artefact) that may be a novel, a memoir, a computer game, poetry, sculpting, paintings … The examinable outcome for the scholarly artist comprises both the creative work and the thesis. To substantiate the production of knowledge and find recognition as a scholar, the artist must document. As a method of inquiry an exegesis is core documentation. It is the written component that speaks to the production of knowledge. It is the record that makes visible the scholarly artist’s knowing. This paper examines the impulse to write, looks at the memoir and, with self-examples, reveals the exegesis as a type of memoir that gives insight to creative production. In it the researcher describes the process of creating, articulates and searches answers to a research question refined across stages of the study. The exegesis is both a product and a process that involves inward reflection and discernment. A...
TL;DR: In this paper, the central thesis of the myth presented by Plotinus in his treatise On Love is explored, which is a narrative that divides and deploys over time structures differentiated only by their rank or powers.
Abstract: This paper explores the central thesis of the myth presented by Plotinus in his treatise On Love (III, 5 [50] 9, 24-29). Myth is a narrative that divides and deploys over time structures differentiated only by their “rank” or “powers”. First, the myth teaches, and then allows those who have understood it to “recompose” the data scattered through the discourse. The Hesiodic genealogy –Uranus, Kronos, Zeus– corresponds to the three main hypostases –the One, the Intelligence and the Soul. Likewise, the death and later dismemberment of child Dionysus symbolize the multiplicity and impassivity of sensible matter.
Book Chapter•
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: The authors examined Quevedo's La constancia y paciencia del santo Job from its biblical source text through to 16th and 17th century commentators and translators (Horozco y Covarrubias, Guillaume Du Vair, Jacques-Auguste de Thou, Jose Gallo, Cipriano de la Huerga, Diego de Zuniga, Juan de Pineda).
Abstract: This study examines Quevedo’s La constancia y paciencia del santo Job from its biblical source text through to 16th and 17th century commentators and translators (Horozco y Covarrubias, Guillaume Du Vair, Jacques-Auguste de Thou, Jose Gallo, Cipriano de la Huerga, Diego de Zuniga, Juan de Pineda, etc.). In particular, I analyze the interpretation of Job 3,25-26. In his exegesis of the term indignatio, Quevedo imagines that the word does not refer to the wrath of God but to Job’s indignation at the behaviour of the kings, his friends who although seeing him in trouble do not help him. With his use of this Biblical verse Quevedo makes an accusation against his own friends who do not come to his aid at the time of his captivity in the convent of San Marcos in Leon. Moreover, the notion of shame is closely examined through the studies of Rawls, Williams, Girard, Nussbaum.
Book•
16 Mar 2017
TL;DR: In this article, Heim applies a wide array of contemporary theories of metaphor in a fresh exegesis of the four instances of adoption (huiothesia) metaphors in Galatians and Romans.
Abstract: In a new study on the Pauline adoption metaphors, Erin Heim applies a wide array of contemporary theories of metaphor in a fresh exegesis of the four instances of adoption (huiothesia) metaphors in Galatians and Romans.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors set forth four basic assumptions about the text's relationship to God and the church that are crucial for fruitful Christian exegesis of the Bible and discussed the hermeneutical implications that follow, with particular reference to divine authorship and spiritual interpretation.
Abstract: This article seeks to clarify the disagreement between theological interpretation of Scripture and academic biblical scholarship that is governed by the historical-critical method. First, it sets forth four basic convictions of theological interpretation, that is, presuppositions about the text's relationship to God and church that are crucial for fruitful Christian exegesis of the Bible. Second, it discusses the hermeneutical implications that follow, with particular reference to divine authorship and spiritual interpretation. Third, it criticizes the methodological assumptions and totalizing claims of historical criticism as ultimately inimical to the kind of scriptural reading practices necessary for the church's faith and theology.
TL;DR: The authors posit the presence of an early Jewish exegesis of Lev 19:17-18 preserved in the Tannaitic midrash known as Sifra, which is inverted and amplified in Did.
Abstract: In this article I posit the presence of an early Jewish exegesis of Lev 19:17–18 preserved in the Tannaitic midrash known as Sifra, which is inverted and amplified in Did. 1:3–5, Q 6:27–35, Luke 6:27–35, and Matt 5:38–44. Identifying shared terminology and a sequence of themes in these passages, I argue that these commonalities testify to the existence of a shared exegetical tradition. By analyzing the later rabbinic material I delineate the contours of this Second Temple period interpretation and augment our understanding of the construction of these early Christian pericopae. In commenting on Lev 19:17, Sifra articulates three permissible modes of rebuke: cursing, hitting, and slapping. In its gloss on the subsequent verse, Sifra exemplifies the biblical injunction against vengeance and bearing a grudge through the case of lending and borrowing from one's neighbor. The Didache, Matthew, and Luke invert the first interpretation by presenting Jesus as recommending a passive response to being cursed or slapped, and they amplify the second interpretation by commanding one to give and lend freely to all who ask. The similar juxtaposition of these two ideas and the shared terminology between Sifra and these New Testament period texts suggest a common source. By reading these early Christian sources in light of this later rabbinic work I advance our understanding of the formation of these well-known passages and illustrate the advantages of cautiously employing rabbinic material for reading earlier Christian works.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors re-interpreted the work of South African Black theologian Itumeleng Mosala and considered his particular understanding of the Bible as a site of struggle, drawing as he does on redaction criticism.
Abstract: Though the state, the church, theology, and biblical interpretation have been considered ‘sites of struggle’ by South Africa’s liberation theologies, the Bible has not. This article reappraises the work of South African Black theologian Itumeleng Mosala (thirty years later) and considers his particular understanding of the Bible as a site of struggle, drawing as he does on redaction criticism. The article analyses Mosala’s notion of the ideological dimensions of redaction criticism, clarifies some of the concepts Mosala uses, argues for the role of literary methods in redactional criticism, and advocates for the inclusion of the ‘exploited classes’ in the exegesis as well as the appropriation of biblical texts.
TL;DR: This paper uncovered traces of the Trinity in the Old Testament and argued that allusions to God's plurality in specific texts, and examples of personified agents such as the Angel of the Lord, are less important and often inconclusive.
Abstract: This article uncovers traces of the Trinity in the Old Testament. Different from traditional exegesis, it is argued that alleged allusions to God's plurality in specific texts, and examples of personified agents such as the Angel of the Lord, are less important and often inconclusive. The nature of Old Testament ‘monotheism’, however, supports trinitarian logic, and important traces of the Trinity are demonstrated in in-depth structures of Old Testament theology: the anthropomorphic character of revelation, the second commandment, God's name as narrative self-identification and the tendency of God's coming to his people.
Journal Article•
17 Aug 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the history of prophetism in Ghana's Christianity, and how Bible text(s) were used as hermeneutics of re-enactment.
Abstract: Biblical hermeneutics is significant in delineating the meaning of scripture text(s) for contemporary audience. The critical historical method as well as its derivative criticisms is the widely used approach to understand what the text meant for the “original” audience in its sitz im leben . It is socio-historical in nature and curbs religious fundamentalism. However, its concentration on history does not make it suitable for prophetic ministries in Ghana. The approach to scripture interpretation by prophetic ministries since 1914 has been re-enactment of favourite scripture text(s) to have instructions for life in the present situation and the future. They believe that being biblical is the patterning of life style or activities along some popular characters in the Bible. Prophet Bernard Opoku Nsiah claims that his prophetic ministry is patterned or is a replica of the prophetic ministry of Agabus in the book of Acts. This essay examines biblical interpretation in the history of prophetism in Ghana’s Christianity, and how scripture text(s) were used as hermeneutics of re-enactment.
TL;DR: In the Vulgate book of Numbers, the authors of as mentioned in this paper used the Quaestiones to recover the rabbinic influence in the translation of the Bible from Hebrew into Latin, which is the version "according to the Hebrews" (iuxta Hebraeos) based on the Hebrew truth.
Abstract: (ProQuest: denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted)Jerome of Stridon (348-420 CE), who spent the bulk of his final years in Bethlehem, has long interested scholars of the history of Judaism because of his numerous references to Jews, Judaism, and Jewish traditions in his literary corpus The most significant contribution in recent years has been Hillel Newman's doctoral dissertation from Hebrew University on Jerome and the Jews, in which he gathered and analyzed every explicit reference to Jews, the Hebrews, my Jewish teacher, and the like1 These attributions to Jewish informants include teachings that appear in rabbinic literature He did not directly read rabbinic texts but had access to oral traditions preserved in the targums, Midrash, and Talmud2 Newman further notes that discovering and analyzing the influences not explicitly assigned to Jewish sources remain a desideratum3 Many such influences have yet to be discovered in Jerome's translation of the Bible from Hebrew into Latin, the socalled Vulgate, which Jerome describes as the version "according to the Hebrews" (iuxta Hebraeos) based on the Hebrew truth (Hebraica veritas)4 This study, in addition to recovering rabbinic traditions in Vulgate book of Numbers, establishes definitive criteria for verifying its Jewish exegetical sourcesIJerome and Jewish Exegetical SourcesPrevious attempts to mine the Vulgate for rabbinic traditions have been sporadic and have lacked methodological precision5 Such studies assume that a "free" rendition of the Hebrew with a midrashic parallel constitutes direct rabbinic influence The source of an exegetical rendering, however, could be one of Jerome's many Vorlagen-the Hebrew itself, the Septuagint, the Old Latin translation of the Septuagint, or the Greek recensions of Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion-or Christian, classical, or nonrabbinic Jewish literature6 The isolated comparison of the Latin target text with the Hebrew source text in Vulgate research stems from an early trend in translation studies to focus on the character and possibility of a translation7 These studies read the Vulgate more as an interpretation of the Hebrew language than as biblical commentary Recent work in translation studies, however, has brought attention to translators as cultural mediators who, in the linguistic process of producing the target text from the source text, apply their historically situated background as interpretive tools8 For our purposes, this means entertaining the possibility that Jerome could use his Jewish knowledge and informants along with his Vorlagen as he engaged in biblical exegesis through the medium of biblical translation9 Just as he includes rabbinic traditions when recounting various exegeses in his commentaries, so too does he weigh rabbinic traditions when translating10 According to Adam Kamesar, Jerome outlines this method of "recentiores-rabbinic philology" in the Quaestionum Hebraicarum liber in Genesim, a kind of preparatory work for his version "according to the Hebrews"11 Whether he applies such an approach to his translation has rarely been comprehensively investigatedTwo recent studies comparing Vulgate Genesis to the Quaestiones and one study on Vulgate Deuteronomy have begun to address this lacuna12 In the Quaestiones, Jerome cites the textual versions of the Hebrew, LXX, Symmachus, Aquila, and Theodotion Since he almost always provides a Latin translation of these versions (with or without the Hebrew and Greek), we can securely identify which option also appears in the Vulgate According to C T R Hayward, the Vulgate and Quaestiones agree ninety-nine times and disagree approximately eighty times, including twenty-four occasions where the Vulgate follows the LXX, even when Jerome shares concerns about the LXX13 Friedrich Avemarie and Sebastian Weigert agree that the recentiores-rabbinic philology of the Quaestiones influences the Vulgate, but not all of the time14 Despite such parallels between the Vulgate and Quaestiones, Hayward ultimately claims that the numerous differences between them, the omission of well-known textual cruxes, and the philological irrelevance of some Jewish traditions cited in the Quaestones all problematize Kamesar's contention that Jerome wrote the Quaestones to defend his new philological system for translating the Bible from Hebrew to Latin …
TL;DR: This paper examined the reception history of midrash by considering interpretations of a perplexing exposition in Genesis Rabbah (5:9 and 20:8) according to which Adam and Eve ate of the forbidden tree, and God commanded the ground to bring forth cursed animals of four species: gnats, fleas, flies and a camel.
Abstract: The pages of familiar printed editions of Midrash Rabba, including the Venice 1878 folio edition, teem with the commentaries of medieval and early-modern interpreters This paper examines these abundant sources of information about the reception history of midrash by considering interpretations of a perplexing exposition in Genesis Rabbah (5:9 and 20:8) According to this midrash, when Adam and Eve ate of the forbidden tree, God commanded the ground to bring forth cursed animals of four species – gnats, fleas, flies, and a camel While medieval Ashkenazi commentators struggled to explain the presence of a camel, an animal unfamiliar to them, in a list of small insects, Joseph ben Shalom Ashkenazi (writing ca 1300) explained the kabbalistic significance of the creatures The sixteenth-century commentator Samuel Yafeh emended the text with reference to recently printed editions By examining commentaries on the midrash of the insects and the camel, therefore, this study seeks to illuminate the modes of exegesis employed by successive interpreters of Genesis Rabba and the expository resources at their disposal, and thereby to deepen scholarly understanding of the reception history of rabbinic Bible interpretation
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the views of a small number of research higher degree candidates and their supervisor in response to questions posed by the TEXT ‘Exegesis now' call for papers.
Abstract: For over two decades, the number of candidates undertaking, and completing, research higher degrees in the discipline of creative arts has continued to grow, yet the anxiety
associated with the exegesis, or critical component, to the award has not dissipated. This article reports the views of a small number of research higher degree candidates and their supervisor in response to questions posed by the TEXT ‘Exegesis now’ call for papers.
In this sample, the exegesis was perceived as a necessary and useful component to the award by all respondents, who are completing diverse creative projects. However,
respondents also express some anxiety and uncertainty over what is required in the exegesis in terms of formal, structural and compositional elements. Discussion of the
views expressed by respondents identifies common challenges and proposes a number of strategies that may provide greater certainty and alleviate some of the anxiety for
candidates and their supervisors. It includes a template for a comprehensive exegesis and two ways the exegesis can be structured to form a rigorous frame around, and supportive complement to the creative work.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the features of the pesher exegesis of the Qumran pesharim in the form and hermeneutic aspects of the Jude 5-19 epistle.
Abstract: The observed midrashic qualities of Jude 5–19 have led many scholars to claim that the author of the epistle is engaging Scripture in ways common to early Jewish exegesis. Some have even gone so far as to claim that, because of its extensive similarities to the Qumran pesharim in both form and hermeneutic perspective, this portion of Jude is actually an example of pesher exegesis akin to texts such as the Habakkuk Pesher. Because a number of new studies have been published on both Jude and the pesharim in the past two decades, it is appropriate to offer a new assessment concerning the validity of this claim. In this study I will analyze pesher as a genre in order to ascertain which features are necessary and sufficient components of pesher exegesis and then address whether Jude 5–19 possesses these essential characteristics and therefore should be referred to as an example of pesher exegesis.
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on traces of theories which may have disturbed religious minds: the notions of corporeal spirits and of the virtues or powers they were supposed to convey, as well as the function of the brain and the psychic faculties located in this organ, raised the question of the link between body and soul.
Abstract: Recent scholarship has drawn attention to the medical information contained in the commentaries on Peter Lombard’s Sentences, thus renewing our views on the relationship between medicine and theology Commentaries on the Bible (both on the Old and the New Testament) have been less investigated, perhaps because this kind of information is more scattered therein and may be found almost anywhere in the bulk of these exegetical works Indeed, apart from the description of the creation of man and the accounts of miraculous healings, which provide the principal places where medical explanations could be inserted, there is a wide variety of occurrences that can only be detected by an exhaustive reading of these commentaries In the present modest contribution, my intention is not to deal with all kinds of topics related to medicine nor tracking down metaphors, but to focus on traces of theories which may have disturbed religious minds The notions of corporeal spirits (pneumata) and of the virtues or powers they were supposed to convey, as well as the function of the brain and the psychic faculties located in this organ, raised the question of the link between body and soul More subtle discrepancies between medical theories and theological requirements may be detected: for instance, the physiological explanation of nutrition, which involved the transformation of food into bodily substance, seemed to some theologians incompatible with the dogma of the resurrection of the bodies at the Last Judgment and with the concept of veritas personae humanae Since biblical exegesis did not necessarily imply dealing with these topics, their appearance in this framework, as discreet as it was, reveals a real concern Each period has from this point of view its proper concerns, according to the level of medical teaching and its diffusion outside the circle of physicians and also according to the contemporary theological concerns The thirteenth century, with the development of university teaching in both theology and medicine, offers a favourable context for tracking in biblical exegesis the traces of contemporary debates But before entering this period, a flashback to the very beginnings of Latin Christian exegesis is required
11 Aug 2017
TL;DR: In this article, the author presents the Padernborn exegete Norbert Peters (1863-1938) and a critical analysis of his book Glauben und Wissen im ersten biblischen Schopfungsbericht (Gen 1:1-2:3), Paderborn: Verlag von Ferdinand Schoning, 1907.
Abstract: The study is part of a research project focused on Catholic theologians and scholars who either accepted the evolutionary origin of the human body in accordance with Mivart’s thesis or denied it in years 1871–1910. The author presents the Padernborn exegete Norbert Peters (1863–1938) and a critical analysis of his book Glauben und Wissen im ersten biblischen Schopfungsbericht (Gen 1:1–2:3), Paderborn: Verlag von Ferdinand Schoning, 1907. The above-mentioned author reacts to both the academic and popular writing of E. Haeckel. He argues as a biblical scholar that the description of the creation of man, as it is found in the first chapters of Genesis, is not an obstacle to openness to an evolutionary origin – the creation of the human body. Being a specialist in the Bible, however, he does not dare state whether this hypothesis is actually viable. The issue of the means of creation of the human body is, in his view, only a marginal question in theology. A methodologically highly disciplined approach can be observed, however, which is in many respects similar to the approach of contemporary Catholic theologians.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the epistemology of the scientific exegesis of the Qur'an and the interest of government in process of writing the exeegesis.
Abstract: This article aims to explore ”scientific exegesis” of ministry of religious affairs of Indonesia. As we know the scientific exegesis is one of the approaches in interpreting the Qur’an which appeared since the middle century. This will try to explore the epistemology of that exegesis and the interest of government in process of writing the exegesis. It will focus in three themes namely ocean, food and a drink, and time. This concludes that first this exegesis is a part of the thematic method. Second, according to validity aspect, this exegesis agrees with the correspondence and pragmatism aspect, but not in coherence aspect. Third, this exegesis is an effort to help the policy of government.