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Exemplification

About: Exemplification is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 788 publications have been published within this topic receiving 14529 citations.


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Book
04 Feb 2008
TL;DR: This book presents a synthesis that draws together and refines the descriptive and theoretical notions developed in this framework over the course of three decades in a unified manner that accomodates both the conceptual and the social-interactive basis of linguistic structure.
Abstract: This book fills a long standing need for a basic introduction to Cognitive Grammar that is current, authoritative, comprehensive, and approachable. It presents a synthesis that draws together and refines the descriptive and theoretical notions developed in this framework over the course of three decades. In a unified manner, it accomodates both the conceptual and the social-interactive basis of linguistic structure, as well as the need for both functional explanation and explicit structural description. Starting with the fundamentals, essential aspects of the theory are systematically laid out with concrete illustrations and careful discussion of their rationale. Among the topics surveyed are conceptual semantics, grammatical classes, grammatical constructions, the lexicon-grammar continuum characterized as assemblies of symbolic structures (form-meaning pairings), and the usage- based account of productivity, restrictions, and well-formedness. The theory's central claim - that grammar is inherently meaningful - is thereby shown to be viable. The framework is further elucidated through application to nominal structure, clause structure, and complex sentences. These are examined in broad perspective, with exemplification from English and numerous other languages. In line with the theory's general principles, they are discussed not only in termsof their structural characterization, but also their conceptual value and functional motivation. Other matters explored include discourse, the temporal dimension of language structure, and what grammar reveals about cognitive processes and the contruction of our mental world.

1,631 citations

Book
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: This chapter discusses language teaching materials, usage and use, and the need for integration in the discourse to discourse scheme in the context of an integrated approach.
Abstract: Introduction 1. Usage and Use 1.1 Correctness and appropriacy 1.2 Usage and use as aspects of performance 1.3 Usage and use in classroom presentation 1.4 Aspects of meaning: signification and value 1.5 Usage and use in the design of language teaching materials 1.6 Selecting areas of use for teaching language 1.7 Summary and conclusion Notes and references 2. Discourse 2.1 Sentence, proposition and illocutionary act 2.2 Cohesion and propositional development 2.3 Coherence and illocutionary development 2.4 The relationship between propositional and illocutionary development 2.5 Procedures of interpretation 2.6 Deriving discourse from sentences: an example 2.6.1 Propositional development: achieving cohesion 2.6.2 Illocutionary development: achieving coherence 2.7 Conventions of coherence 2.8 Deriving discourse by arrangement: another example 2.9 Summary and conclusion Notes and references 3. Linguistic skills and communicative abilities 3.1 The four skills 3.2 Activities associated with spoken language 3.3 Activities associated with written language 3.4 Reciprocal and non-reciprocal activities 3.5 Linguistic skills and communicative abilities 3.6 Retrospective and prospective interpretation 3.7 Assimilation and discrimination 3.8 Non-verbal communication 3.9 Summary and conclusion Notes and references 4. Comprehending and reading 4.1 Preview 4.2 The reading passage as dependent exemplification 4.3 The reading passage as independent 'comprehension piece' 4.3.1 Extracts: the problem of authenticity 4.3.2 Extracts: the comprehending problem 4.3.2.1 Priming glossaries 4.3.2.2 Prompting glossaries 4.3.3 Simplified versions 4.3.4 Simple accounts 4.4 Gradual approximation 4.5 Comprehension questions: forms and functions 4.5.1 Types of question by reference to form 4.5.2 Types of question by reference to function 4.5.2.1 Usage reference 4.5.2.2 Use inference 4.6 Other reading exercises Notes and references 5. Composing and writing 5.1 Preview 5.2 Types of grammar exercise 5.3 Exercises in usage and use 5.3.1 Composing sentences in passages 5.3.2 Using the contexts of the reading passage 5.4 Preparation exercises 5.5 Exploitation exercises 5.5.1 Gradual approximation: sentence to discourse units 5.5.2 Gradual approximation: act to discourse units 5.5.2.1 Focus on single illocutionary acts 5.5.2.2 Relationships between pairs of acts 5.5.2.3 Extension to larger discourse units 5.5.3 Rhetorical transformation of discourse units 5.5.4 Information transfer 5.6 Summary and conclusion Notes and references 6. Towards an integrated approach 6.1 Preview: the need for integration 6.2 The discourse to discourse scheme 6.3 Types of procedure 6.3.1 Demonstration: rhetorical transformation by gradual approximation 6.3.2 Demonstration: rhetorical transformation by illocutionary change 6.3.3 Demonstration: information transfer 6.4 Principles of approach 6.4.1 Rational appeal: the use of translation 6.4.2 Integration and control 6.5 Summary and conclusion Notes and references Index

1,391 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model of the processes whereby social actors use impression management behaviors to create and maintain identities as charismatic leaders, and examine the roles that the environment, actor (leader), and audience (followers) play in defining the situation and in jointly constructing a "charismatic relationship".
Abstract: In this article we present a model of the processes whereby social actors use impression management behaviors to create and maintain identities as charismatic leaders. Using a dramaturgical and interactive perspective, we examine the roles that the environment, actor (leader), and audience (followers) play in defining the situation and in jointly constructing a “charismatic relationship.” We assert that charismatic leaders' self-systems and situational assessments guide their efforts to manage follower impressions of them, their vision, and their organization. Framing, scripting, staging, and performing constitute the basic phases in this dramaturgical process. Exemplification and promotion are identified as the primary strategies invoked by leaders during the performing phase to construct a charismatic image; facework is employed to protect this image when it is threatened. We also consider how and why followers come to attribute charisma to, identify strongly with, and direct high levels of positive aff...

905 citations

Book
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: The major purpose of the book is to provide in up-to-date form such an understanding of the principles of historical linguistics and the related fields of comparative linguisticistics and linguistic reconstruction.
Abstract: Historical linguistic theory and practice contains a great number of different 'layers' which have been accepted in the course of time and have acquired a permanency of their own. These range from neogrammarian conceptualizations of sound change and analogy to present-day ideas on rule change and language mixture. To get a full grasp of the principles of historical linguistics it is therefore necessary to understand the nature and justifications (or shortcomings) of each of these 'layers', not just to look for a single 'overarching' theory. The major purpose of the book is to provide in up-to-date form such an understanding of the principles of historical linguistics and the related fields of comparative linguistics and linguistic reconstruction. In addition, the book provides a very broad exemplification of the principles of historical linguistics.

671 citations

Book
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: Quentin Skinner as discussed by the authors presented a fundamental reappraisal of the political theory of Hobbes using, for the first time, the full range of manuscript as well as printed sources, and documents an entirely new view of the Hobbes's intellectual development, and re-examines the shift from a humanist to a scientific culture in European moral and political thought.
Abstract: Quentin Skinner presents a fundamental reappraisal of the political theory of Hobbes. Using, for the first time, the full range of manuscript as well as printed sources, it documents an entirely new view of Hobbes's intellectual development, and re-examines the shift from a humanist to a scientific culture in European moral and political thought. By examining Hobbes's philosophy against the background of his humanist education, Professor Skinner rescues this most difficult and challenging of political philosophers from the intellectual isolation in which he is so often discussed. This book presents a splendid exemplification of the 'Cambridge' contextual approach to the study of intellectual history with which Professor Skinner himself is especially associated. It will be of interest and importance to a wide range of scholars in history, philosophy, politics, and literary theory. Professor Skinner has been awarded the Balzan Prize Life Time Achievement Award for Political Thought, History and Theory. Full details of this award can be found at http://www.balzan.it/News_eng.aspx?ID=2474.

415 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202352
2022102
202133
202032
201947
201836