Topic
Expansionism
About: Expansionism is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 979 publications have been published within this topic receiving 11169 citations.
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01 Sep 2019
TL;DR: Beinart's argument for American decline rests on a conception of power that privileges the link between economic strength and military might, rather than geopolitical influence as mentioned in this paper, and Chinese expansionism, as this essay will show, has nothing to do with territorial gains.
Abstract: In “Shield of the Republic” (The Atlantic, September 16, 2018), Peter Beinart joins the chorus of foreign policy commentators who stress that America’s time as the world’s sole superpower has come to an end. However, Beinart’s argument for American decline rests on a conception of power that privileges the link between economic strength and military might, rather than geopolitical influence. Chinese expansionism, as this essay will show, has nothing to do with territorial gains, and everything to do with spreading influence through Xi Jinping’s flagship Belt and Road Initiative. Beinart’s focus on military threats to U.S. interests, at the exclusion of even mentioning the BRI, is an omission in line with Washington’s approach to date. In reckoning with the future of Chinese expansion, the U.S. must seek to understand its rival in a 21st century context and begin to play to its own strengths.
TL;DR: In the context of the border dispute presented by Peru against Chile in the The Hague Court, the authors analyzes the influences of two ideological motivational dimensions: Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) on a set of intergroup attitudes that involve both nations.
Abstract: In the context of the border dispute presented by Peru against Chile in the The Hague Court, this study analyzes the influences of two ideological motivational dimensions: Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) on a set of intergroup attitudes that involve both nations. To this end, a survey study of 196 Chileans and 223 Peruvians participants was conducted. The instruments used to measure ideology and political attitudes are the following ones: RWA Scale; SDO Scale; Scale of Intergroup attitudes between Chile-Peru and specific questions on interest in the Hague litigation and willingness to fight for one's country. The results show that in the Peruvian case attitudes of belligerence and alert and a greater willingness to fight for the country are better explained by the RWA, while in the Chilean case these same attitudes are explained both by the RWA as well as the SDO. On the other hand, pacificist attitudes are explained inversely by SDO in both countries. These findings support the hypothesis that intergroup dynamics between both countries have been marked by expressed actions of a Chilean expansionism versus a Peruvian vengefulness and suggest that equalitarianism will promote attitudes toward respect and cooperation between both groups, changing the frames of expansionism and vengefulness for one of a culture of peace.
TL;DR: Horii Duplication opened a branch office in Keijo, or present-day Seoul, aiming to sell what the company optimistically described as "a great invention of the East," its patented tōshaban (K. tŭngsap'an) duplicator as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Abstract:In 1912, Horii Duplication opened a branch office in Keijō, or present-day Seoul, aiming to sell what the company optimistically described as "a great invention of the East," its patented tōshaban (K. tŭngsap'an) duplicator. The tŭngsap'an was, indeed, a remarkably accessible technology. It was simple and inexpensive to operate; it could reproduce images, roman letters, and East Asian scripts; and it was capable of generating duplicates on any type of paper using readily available ink. Tŭngsap'an technology was deeply implicated in Japanese expansionism from its inception, and in Korea, its role in enabling knowledge production, surveillance, and other forms of political control furthered the reach of the colonial state. Even so, tŭngsap'an duplication was widespread beyond official use, and its unique combination of affordances led colonial authorities to view the tŭngsap'an as both a tool for and a target of state surveillance, especially as independence activists utilized tŭngsap'an duplication in fluid and interactive ways to further resistance efforts. The paradoxes that tŭngsap'an duplication embodied make it a unique site of textual practice, and a rich vantage point from which to study how arrangements of power in colonial Korea were enacted, experienced, navigated, and contested.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors consider the administrative changes that occurred in the city of Emar in the early 13th century BCE, including the beginning of the now well-known bifurcation in scribal practices between the Conventional Middle Euphrates Format (also known as the “Syrian” system) and the Free Format (in contrast to the Syro-Hittite system), in the context of international political currents.
Abstract: Abstract This article considers the administrative changes that occurred in the city of Emar in the early 13th century BCE—including the beginning of the now well-known bifurcation in scribal practices between the Conventional Middle Euphrates Format (also known as the “Syrian” system) and the Free Format (also known as the “Syro-Hittite” system)—in the context of international political currents. In order to position my understanding of Emarite history with respect to the ongoing chronology debate, I offer new chronological considerations using internal data from the Emarite legal documents that affirm the substantial overlap of the two scribal systems at Emar (most recently argued for by Daniel Fleming and Sophie Démare-Lafont), while also adjusting the dating of some important synchronisms. Following the establishment of the chronological position, the article poses the question of why the material changes at Emar were executed by the Hittite empire exactly when they were, despite a previous policy of non-intervention. I argue that the increasing threat posed by expansionist activity of the Middle Assyrian state to Hittite hegemony over the Syrian territories—of which Emar was the farthest south-easterly border state—is a contributing factor to administrative changes in Emar.
05 Jul 2023
TL;DR: For example, this paper argued that China's economic liberalization created numerous opportunities to manipulate the rules of the transition and to extract rents, creating wide gaps between winners and losers, and that the growth flows most to those at the top.
Abstract: Abstract China’s economic liberalization bears both similarities to and differences from Russia’s. As in Russia, China’s liberalization created numerous opportunities to manipulate the rules of the transition and to extract rents, creating wide gaps between winners and losers. Although economic growth has raised incomes for the population, the growth flows most to those at the top. Total economic inequality—when hidden incomes are included—is rising. Despite awareness of the problem of inequality, China’s regime has avoided taking the difficult policy measures needed to ensure a more inclusive model of economic growth. Instead, corruption and cronyism remain rampant. As in Russia, the current regime has foreclosed any movement toward democracy, instead turning toward personalist, authoritarian rule and an expansionist foreign policy.