Showing papers on "Explicit symmetry breaking published in 1983"
169 citations
TL;DR: In this article, minimum euclidean action on a scalar field coupled to classical gravity was imposed and the authors found zero effective cosmological constant without fine tuning, as well as a mechanism for symmetry breaking.
150 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Abud and Sartori analyzed the problem of classifying the theoretically allowed patterns of spontaneous symmetry breading, in theories where the ground state is determined as a minimum of a G-invariant potential (G a compact group of transformations).
146 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new way to generate boson-fermion mass splittings was proposed, which does not depend on the details of the super-Higgs mechanism nor on the flat superpotential used.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the non-Born-Oppenheimer effect on the symmetry of a molecule in excited or ionic states compared to the neutral ground state and show that the symmetry lowering can have several important consequences, including a distortion of the molecular framework, leading to a lowering of the symmetry.
Abstract: The various electronic states in which molecules can exist are often considered to be independent. In this article we turn our attention to the limitations of this assumption, namely the interaction between different electronic states through the nuclear motion. This interaction can have several important consequences, two of which are discussed in some detail. One is a distortion of the molecular framework, leading to a lowering of the symmetry of a molecule in excited or ionic states compared to the neutral ground state. General aspects of this symmetry lowering are outlined and interpreted with the aid of typical examples. The other consequence considered is the ability of the nuclei to “jump” between different molecular potential energy surfaces (non-Born-Oppenheimer effects). The nature of this behavior is analyzed and it is argued that the “jumping” can be very fast and efficient, dominating completely the nuclear motion. To exemplify our general ideas we refer to the photoelectron spectra of ethylene and related compounds and demonstrate that they are governed by strong non-Born-Oppenheimer effects. It emerges that the Franck-Condon principle fails in the analysis of their vibronic structure.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the Goldstone massless modes which appear as a consequence of the spontaneous breakdown of the SU(2) dipole-rotational symmetry, provided by the water polarization induced by Davydov solitons travelling on molecular chains.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of unstructured data in order to improve the quality of the data collected by the data collection system, which can be found in Table 1.
Abstract: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
48 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the exponential expansion of the universe a(t) ∼ exp(Ht) leads to a simultaneous generation of many different types of classical scalar fields ϕ with the amplitude ϕ ⩾ H. These effects may help us to solve the problem of symmetry breaking in SUSY GUTs and the primordial monopoles which appear after primordial inflation.
41 citations
TL;DR: In the vacuum solution proposed by Englert, in which the three-index photon of d = 11 supergravity plays the role of a non-vanishing torsion which parallelizes the seven-sphere, all supersymmetries are broken as discussed by the authors.
40 citations
39 citations
CERN1
TL;DR: In this paper, the colour gauge group is extended to SU(3) ⊗ SU (3) and is subsequently broken to diagonal SU( 3) c, where the fundamental fermionic constituents of the larger strong group become ordinary quarks plus new quarks with exotic quantum numbers.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple mechanical system is discussed and it exhibits a spontaneous symmetry breaking quite similar to a Landau second-order phase transition, which is similar to the one described in this paper.
Abstract: We discuss a simple mechanical system and show that it exhibits a spontaneous symmetry breaking quite similar to a Landau second‐order phase transition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the spontaneous symmetry breaking induced by a spontaneous parallelization of the sphere was analyzed in eleven-dimensional supergravity compactified on S 7, and the SO(8) gauge group was reduced to Spin (7).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the renormalization group equations for those parameters which determine the shape of the potential and the symmetry breaking patterns and obtained a new proof of the Michel conjecture, the Higgs mass spectrum and an explicit expression for the parameter that determines the symmetry-breaking pattern.
TL;DR: In this article, the non-vanishing three-index photon of d = 11 supergravity parallelizes the seven-sphere, and its residual bosonic symmetry is found to be an SO(7) subgroup of the original SO(8).
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of QCD for small quark masses of phenomenological interest without extrapolations were calculated directly on presently used lattice sizes with different boundary conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, a model for dynamical breaking of chiral symmetry in QCD is extended and developed for the calculation of the pion form factor and the charge radius is explicitly computed.
TL;DR: By excluding the pion from the bag not at the confinement radius R but instead at a smaller radius R ch corresponding to the length scale at which the QCD vacuum breaks chiral symmetry, this article obtained g A = 1.22.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory is ultraviolet finite in the presence of a wide range of explicit symmetry breaking mass terms for scalars and fermions alone.
TL;DR: The dynamical theory of spontaneous breakdown correctly predicts the bound states and relates the order parameters of electron-phonon superconductivity and quark-gluon chiral symmetry.
TL;DR: In this paper, the O(n, 1) non-linear sigma model is analyzed for n = 1 and n→∞ and it is shown that above two dimensions the symmetry is always broken, while it remains unbroken for d = 2.
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of symmetry breaking for the maximally extended supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory was discussed and various symmetry breaking terms which may break both the gauge group and the internal supersymmetry were constructed.
TL;DR: In this article, an effective potential for composite operators was derived for chiral and gauge symmetry breaking in non-abelian gauge theories, and the effective theory determined is in agreement with the tumbling hypothesis.
TL;DR: In this paper, local modes are discussed as a manifestation of dynamical symmetry breaking in permutation-inversion isomerism in benzene C-H fundamentals, where the symmetry is lowered from D/sub 6h/ to C/sub 2/sub v/ when the excitation process singles out one of the local modes.
Abstract: Local modes are discussed as a manifestation of dynamical symmetry breaking. For benzene C-H fundamentals, the symmetry is lowered from D/sub 6h/ to C/sub 2//sub v/ when the excitation process singles out one of the local modes. The paradox of symmetry breaking is removed, however, when one takes into account dynamical tunneling mechanisms which restore D/sub 6h/ symmetry through energy transfer among the local modes. The situation is related to permutation-inversion isomerism in molecules with identical nuclei, with restoration of full permutation-inversion symmetry by means of tunneling among the isomers. It is shown that mathematically, the analogy subsists in the treatment of both cases in terms of induced and subduced representations and the Frobenius reciprocity theorem. It is then shown how local modes symmetry breaking may be incorporated within the framework of fundamental permutation-inversion symmetry. Splittings in local modes spectra are parameterized phenomenologically by classifying the dynamical tunneling mechanisms, or energy transfer pathways among local modes, available to the system. The phenomenological analysis of observed spectra yields relative strengths for the various pathways. The results are compared with predictions of a recent model and with intuition.
TL;DR: The classical, semiclassical, and quantum aspects of the motion of a simple pendulum rotating in the direction perpendicular to its plane of oscillations and having negative total energy in its rotating frame are considered in this paper.
Abstract: The classical, semiclassical, and quantum aspects of the motion of a simple pendulum rotating in the direction perpendicular to its plane of oscillations and having negative total energy in its rotating frame are considered. The system is studied for angular velocities that barely exceed the value at which spontaneous symmetry breaking sets in, as well as for angular velocities away from this value. In the former case the semiclassical methods give the energy levels and in the latter they indicate that the quantum effects manifest themselves when the velocity of rotation is very high. The solutions of the Schrodinger equation in this limit are discussed and it is noted, in contrast to the plane pendulum system, that both odd‐ and even‐order periodic Mathieu functions are admissible eigenfunctions.