Showing papers on "Explicit symmetry breaking published in 2001"
TL;DR: In this paper, a new class of four-dimensional theories for natural electroweak symmetry breaking, relying neither on supersymmetry nor on strong dynamics at the TeV scale, was proposed.
1,110 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a family of models for which complex eigenvalues in the spectra of -symmetric quantum mechanical systems are associated with spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry is discussed.
Abstract: The appearances of complex eigenvalues in the spectra of -symmetric quantum mechanical systems are usually associated with a spontaneous breaking of . In this Letter we discuss a family of models for which this phenomenon is also linked with an explicit breaking of supersymmetry. Exact level-crossings are located, and connections with -fold supersymmetry and quasi-exact solvability in certain special cases are pointed out.
288 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relativistic symmetry that suppresses spin-orbit splittings in hadrons was identified, and the dynamics necessary for this symmetry are shown to be possible in QCD.
Abstract: Experimental data indicate small spin-orbit splittings in hadrons. For heavy-light mesons we identify a relativistic symmetry that suppresses these splittings. We suggest an experimental test in electron-positron annihilation. Furthermore, we argue that the dynamics necessary for this symmetry are possible in QCD.
170 citations
TL;DR: The interaction of an electron with a polar molecule is shown to be the simplest realization of a quantum anomaly in a physical system and the existence of a critical dipole moment for electron capture and formation of anions is derived.
Abstract: The interaction of an electron with a polar molecule is shown to be the simplest realization of a quantum anomaly in a physical system. The existence of a critical dipole moment for electron capture and formation of anions, which has been confirmed experimentally and numerically, is derived. This phenomenon is a manifestation of the anomaly associated with quantum symmetry breaking of the classical scale invariance exhibited by the point-dipole interaction. Finally, analysis of symmetry breaking for this system is implemented within two different models: point dipole subject to an anomaly and finite dipole subject to explicit symmetry breaking.
117 citations
TL;DR: This work uses the ALEPH Collaboration data on vector and axial-vector spectral functions to test simple duality properties of QCD in the large N(c) limit, which emerge in the approximation of a minimal hadronic ansatz of a spectrum of narrow states.
Abstract: We use the ALEPH Collaboration data on vector and axial-vector spectral functions to test simple duality properties of QCD in the large N(c) limit, which emerge in the approximation of a minimal hadronic ansatz of a spectrum of narrow states. These duality properties relate the short- and long-distance behaviors of specific correlation functions, which are order parameters of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, in a way that we find well supported by the data.
103 citations
TL;DR: Using gauge invariant effective Lagrangians in 1+3 dimensions describing the Standard Model in 1 +4 dimensions, the authors explored dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. But their work was limited to the Top Quark Seesaw model.
Abstract: Using gauge invariant effective Lagrangians in 1+3 dimensions describing the Standard Model in 1+4 dimensions, we explore dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. The Top Quark Seesaw model arises naturally, as well as the full CKM structure. We include a discussion of effects of warping, and indicate how other dynamical schemes may also be realized.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the relationship between symmetry breaking and the split property of pure states of quantum spin chains and obtained a representation theoretic condition implying that the half-sided uniform mixing condition leads to symmetry breaking of translationally invariant pure states.
Abstract: We consider the relationship between the symmetry breaking and the split property of pure states of quantum spin chains. We obtain a representation theoretic condition implying that the half-sided uniform mixing condition leads to symmetry breaking of translationally invariant pure states. This is a mathematical generalization of Dichotomy previously found by I. Affleck and E. Lieb and M. Aizenman and B. Nachtergaele for ground states of a special class of Hamiltonians.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, conditions for achieving optical asymmetric synthesis using the electric-dipole light-field interaction are derived, where parity requirements are used to show that any optical scenario in which the dynamics of the molecule depends on the overall sign of the electric field allows for control over the production of one chiral species in preference to its mirror image.
Abstract: Conditions for achieving ‘‘optical asymmetric synthesis,’’ an example of controlled chiral symmetry breaking, using the electric-dipole light-field interaction are derived. These include scenarios in which neither the medium nor the light is chiral by itself. Specifically, parity requirements are used to show that any optical scenario in which the dynamics of the molecule depends on the overall sign of the electric field allows for control over the production of one chiral species in preference to its mirror image. A sample laser-molecule scenario is used to demonstrate these conditions.
57 citations
TL;DR: It is explicitly shown that forbidden couplings in the unbroken theory appear in the one-loop effective action only in a nonlocal way, implying that they are finite at all orders in perturbation theory.
Abstract: Scherk-Schwarz gauge symmetry breaking of a D-dimensional field theory model compactified on a circle is analyzed. It is explicitly shown that forbidden couplings in the,unbroken theory appear in the one-loop effective action only in a nonlocal way, implying that they are finite at all orders in perturbation theory. This result can be understood as a consequence of the local gauge symmetry, but it holds true also in the global limit.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Curie-Rosen symmetry principle was shown to be a special case of the similarity principle, and two empirical rules, the similarity rule and complementarity rule, were given a theoretical foundation.
Abstract: Symmetry is a measure of indistinguishability. Similarity is a continuous measure of imperfect symmetry. Lewis' remark that “gain of entropy means loss of information” defines the relationship of entropy and information. Three laws of information theory have been proposed. Labeling by introducing nonsymmetry and formatting by introducing symmetry are defined. The function L ( L=lnw, w is the number of microstates, or the sum of entropy and information, L=S+I) of the universe is a constant (the first law of information theory). The entropy S of the universe tends toward a maximum (the second law law of information theory). For a perfect symmetric static structure, the information is zero and the static entropy is the maximum (the third law law of information theory). Based on the Gibbs inequality and the second law of the revised information theory we have proved the similarity principle (a continuous higher similarity−higher entropy relation after the rejection of the Gibbs paradox) and proved the Curie-Rosen symmetry principle (a higher symmetry−higher stability relation) as a special case of the similarity principle. The principles of information minimization and potential energy minimization are compared. Entropy is the degree of symmetry and information is the degree of nonsymmetry. There are two kinds of symmetries: dynamic and static symmetries. Any kind of symmetry will define an entropy and, corresponding to the dynamic and static symmetries, there are static entropy and dynamic entropy. Entropy in thermodynamics is a special kind of dynamic entropy. Any spontaneous process will evolve towards the highest possible symmetry, either dynamic or static or both. Therefore the revised information theory can be applied to characterizing all kinds of structural stability and process spontaneity. Some examples in chemical physics have been given. Spontaneous processes of all kinds of molecular interaction, phase separation and phase transition, including symmetry breaking and the densest molecular packing and crystallization, are all driven by information minimization or symmetry maximization. The evolution of the universe in general and evolution of life in particular can be quantitatively considered as a series of symmetry breaking processes. The two empirical rules − similarity rule and complementarity rule − have been given a theoretical foundation. All kinds of periodicity in space and time are symmetries and contribute to the stability. Symmetry is beautiful because it renders stability. However, symmetry is in principle ugly because it is associated with information loss.
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the main properties of Q-balls are discussed, including some new results, and a discussion of the role of Q balls in cosmological evolution is presented.
Abstract: Motivated by the renewed interest in the role of Q-balls in cosmological evolution, we present a discussion of the main properties of Q-balls, including some new results.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied symmetry breaking in three dimensional QED with N flavors, which has been mostly analyzed by solving the Schwinger-Dyson equations, by means of the approximated Wilson renormalization group (RG).
Abstract: Dynamical symmetry breaking in three dimensional QED with N flavors, which has been mostly analyzed by solving the Schwinger-Dyson equations, is investigated by means of the approximated Wilson, or non-perturbative, renormalization group (RG). We study the RG flows of the gauge coupling and the general four-fermi couplings allowed by the symmetry, concentrating our interest on study of the phase structure. The RG equations have no gauge parameter dependence in our approximation scheme. It is found that there exist chirally broken and unbroken phases for N> Ncr (3
01 Aug 2001
TL;DR: The role played by the horizontal flavour symmetry in supersymmetric theories is discussed in this paper, where the authors show how this concept can help in explaining the fermion mass spectrum and their mixing pattern in the context of SU(3)H.
Abstract: We discuss the role played by the horizontal flavour symmetry in supersymmetric theories. In particular, we consider the horizontal symmetry SU(3)H between the three fermion families and show how this concept can help in explaining the fermion mass spectrum and their mixing pattern in the context of SUSY GUTs.
TL;DR: This paper studies resonances in two degrees of freedom, autonomous, Hamiltonian systems, and shows that some of the resonances vanish as lower order resonances due to the presence of a symmetry condition on one of the degrees offreedom.
Abstract: In this paper we study resonances in two degrees of freedom, autonomous, Hamiltonian systems. Due to the presence of a symmetry condition on one of the degrees of freedom, we show that some of the resonances vanish as lower order resonances. After giving a sharp estimate of the resonance domain, we investigate this order change of resonance in a rather general potential problem with discrete symmetry and consider as an example the Henon--Heiles family of Hamiltonians. We also study a classical example of a mechanical system with symmetry, the elastic pendulum, which leads to a natural hierarchy of resonances with the 4:1-resonance as the most prominent after the 2:1-resonance and which explains why the 3:1-resonance is neglected.
TL;DR: In this paper, the generalized Weierstrass system with constant mean curvature surfaces and the associated two-dimensional nonlinear sigma model is analyzed using a singularity analysis.
Abstract: The method of symmetry reduction is systematically applied to derive several classes of invariant solutions for the generalized Weierstrass system inducing constant mean curvature surfaces and to the associated two-dimensional nonlinear sigma model. A classification of subgroups with generic orbits of codimension one of the Lie point symmetry group for these systems provides a tool for introducing symmetry variables and reduces the initial systems to different nonequivalent systems of ordinary differential equations. We perform a singularity analysis for them in order to establish whether these ordinary differential equations have the Painleve property. These ordinary differential equations can then be transformed to standard forms and next solved in terms of elementary and Jacobi elliptic functions. This results in a large number of new solutions and in some cases new interesting constant mean curvature surfaces are found. Furthermore, this symmetry analysis is extended to include conditional symmetries by subjecting the original system to certain differential constraints. In this case, several new types of nonsplitting algebraic, trigonometric, and hyperbolic multisoliton solutions have been obtained in explicit form. Some physical interpretation of these results in the areas of fluid membranes, string theory, two-dimensionl gravity, and cosmology are given.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the origin and magnitude of the symmetry breaking field responsible for the preferential orientation of 2D electron systems at high Landau level occupancy and conclude that neither micron-scale surface roughness features nor the precise symmetry of the quantum well potential confining the 2D system are important factors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied a two-species driven diffusive system with open boundaries that exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking in one dimension, where the currents of the two species are not equal, although the dynamics is symmetric.
Abstract: In this paper we study a two-species driven diffusive system with open boundaries that exhibits spontaneous symmetry breaking in one dimension In a symmetry broken state the currents of the two species are not equal, although the dynamics is symmetric A mean-field theory predicts a sequence of two transitions from a strong symmetry broken state through an intermediate symmetry broken state to a symmetric state However, a recent numerical study has questioned the existence of the intermediate state and instead suggested a single discontinuous transition We present an extensive numerical study that supports the existence of the intermediate phase but shows that this phase and the transition to the symmetric phase are qualitatively different from the mean-field predictions
TL;DR: A purely macroscopic Maxwell demon is designed from an Ising model, demonstrating that a demon can operate with information about the macrostate of the system and some aspects of the definition of entropy are discussed.
Abstract: The role of symmetry breaking phase transitions in the Szilard engine is analyzed. It is shown that symmetry breaking is the only necessary ingredient for the engine to work. To support this idea, we show that the Ising model behaves exactly as the Szilard engine. We design a purely macroscopic Maxwell demon from an Ising model, demonstrating that a demon can operate with information about the macrostate of the system. We finally discuss some aspects of the definition of entropy and how thermodynamics should be modified to account for the variations of entropy in second-order phase transitions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the vacuum structure and phases of N=1 theories obtained via a mass μ for the adjoint chiral superfield in SO(nc) SQCD were determined.
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TL;DR: The axion solution to the strong CP problem requires an anomalous global U(1) symmetry as mentioned in this paper, which is a natural consequence of an extra dimension in which a gauged U (1) is spontaneously broken on one of two branes, leaving an accidental global symmetry on the other brane.
Abstract: The axion solution to the strong CP problem requires an anomalous global U(1) symmetry. We show that the existence of such a symmetry is a natural consequence of an extra dimension in which a gauged U(1) is spontaneously broken on one of two branes, leaving an accidental global symmetry on the other brane. Depending on where the standard model matter lives, the resulting axion can be either the DFSZ or hadronic type. Gaugino-mediated supersymmetry breaking fits comfortably in our framework. In addition, we present a model in which the supersymmetry-breaking and Peccei-Quinn breaking scales are naturally of the same size.
TL;DR: In this paper, an algebraic framework for studying the symmetry properties of integrable quantum systems on the half line is presented. But the approach is based on the introduction of boundary operators, which encode the boundary conditions and generate integrals of motion.
Abstract: We describe an algebraic framework for studying the symmetry properties of integrable quantum systems on the half line The approach is based on the introduction of boundary operators It turns out that these operators both encode the boundary conditions and generate integrals of motion We use this direct relationship between boundary conditions and symmetry content to establish the spontaneous breakdown of some internal symmetries, due to the boundary
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the dependence of the size of the corresponding eigenvalue of the lattice Dirac operator on the number of SU(3) configurations, which is a systematic expansion in path length of a solution of the Ginsparg-Wilson equation.
TL;DR: In this article, the fermion representations and boundary conditions in five-dimensional anti-de-Sitter space are described in detail and the one loop effective action is calculated for massless fermions.
TL;DR: In this article, Tymczak et al. used multiscale reference function (MRF) analysis for symmetry breaking, complex energy, L2 solutions for the one-dimensional Hamiltonian in the asymptotic limit α→-∞.
Abstract: The recent work of Delabaere and Trinh (Delabaere E and Trinh D T 2000 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 33 8771) discovered the existence of symmetry breaking, complex energy, L2 solutions for the one-dimensional Hamiltonian, P2 + iX 3 + iαX, in the asymptotic limit α→-∞. Their asymptotic analysis produced questionable results for moderate values of α. We can easily confirm the existence of symmetry breaking solutions by explicitly computing the low-lying states for |α|
TL;DR: This work compute and analyze couples of ground states of 3D spin glasses before and after applying a volume perturbation which adds to the Hamiltonian a repulsion from the true ground state.
Abstract: We compute and analyze couples of ground states of 3D spin glasses before and after applying a volume perturbation which adds to the Hamiltonian a repulsion from the true ground state. The physical picture based on replica symmetry breaking is in excellent agreement with the observed behavior.
TL;DR: Numerical simulations show behavior in agreement with that found experimentally and also predict a variety of other new patterns, including a spatial symmetry breaking instability in the uniform stationary states of an Oregonator model.
Abstract: Domains containing spiral waves form on a stationary background in a photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction with light-induced alternating nonlocal feedback Complex behavior of colliding and splitting wave fragments is found with feedback radii comparable to the spiral wavelength A linear stability analysis of the uniform stationary states in an Oregonator model reveals a spatial symmetry breaking instability Numerical simulations show behavior in agreement with that found experimentally and also predict a variety of other new patterns
TL;DR: In this article, a supersymmetric grand unified model in the framework of a latticized extra dimension was constructed, where the SU (5) symmetries on the lattice are broken by the vacuum expectation values of the link fields connecting adjacent SU(5) sites, leaving just the MSSM at low energies.
18 Jul 2001
TL;DR: "Guarded Annotated Quotient Structures" is introduced for compactly representing the state space of systems even when those are asymmetric, and algorithms for checking any temporal property on such representations, including non-symmetric properties are presented.
Abstract: Symmetry reduction methods exploit symmetry in a system in order to efficiently verify its temporal properties. Two problems may prevent the use of symmetry reduction in practice: (1) the property to be checked may distinguish symmetric states and hence not be preserved by the symmetry, and (2) the system may exhibit little or no symmetry. In this paper, we present a general framework that addresses both of these problems.We introduce "Guarded Annotated Quotient Structures" for compactly representing the state space of systems even when those are asymmetric. We then present algorithms for checking any temporal property on such representations, including non-symmetric properties.
TL;DR: In this article, the Nockel model of an open quantum dot has been studied and a sufficient condition for the discrete spectrum of such a system to survive the presence of a strong magnetic field is given.
TL;DR: In this paper, Terning et al. constructed a model in which electroweak symmetry is spontaneously broken by supersymmetric strong dynamics at the TeV scale, where the order pa-rameter is a composite of scalars, and the longitudinal components of the Wand Z are strongly-coupled bound states of scalar.
Abstract: Markus A. LutyDepartment of Physics, University of MarylandCollege Park, Maryland 20742, USAmluty@physics.umd.eduJohn Terning, Aaron K. GrantDepartment of Physics, Harvard UniversityCambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAterning@schwinger.harvard.edu, grant@schwinger.harvard.eduAbstractWe construct models in which electroweak symmetry is spontaneously bro-ken by supersymmetric strong dynamics at the TeV scale. The order pa-rameter is a composite of scalars, and the longitudinal components of the Wand Z are strongly-coupled bound states of scalars. The usual phenomeno-logical problems of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking are absent:the sign of the S parameter unconstrained in strongly interacting SUSYtheories, and fermion masses are generated without flavor-changing neutralcurrents or large corrections to the ρ parameter. The lightest neutral Higgsscalar can be heavier than M