Fabrication

About: Fabrication is a(n) research topic. Over the lifetime, 20475 publication(s) have been published within this topic receiving 235676 citation(s).

Flexible light-emitting diodes made from soluble conducting polymers

Abstract: THE recent fabrication of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) from conjugated polymers1,2demonstrates the technological potential of this class of electronic materials. A variety of colours are possible, because the wavelength of luminescence emission can be chemically tuned during synthesis1–4. In addition, the mechanical properties of polymers suggest that light-emitting structures can be made that are more flexible than their inorganic counterparts, provided appropriate materials can be found for the substrate and electrodes. Here we report the fabrication of a fully flexible LED using poly(ethylene terephthalate) as the substrate, soluble poly-aniline as the hole-injecting electrode, a substituted poly(1,4-phenylene-vinylene) as the electroluminescent layer and calcium as the electron-injecting top contract. The structure is mechanically robust and may be sharply bent without failure. The LED is easily visible under room lighting and has an external quantum efficiency of about 1%. With a turn-on voltage for light emission of 2–3 V, the 'plastic' LED demonstrates that this unique combination of optical, electrical and mechanical properties can be used to make novel structures that are compatible with conventional devices.

Plasmon-induced hot-electron generation at nanoparticle/metal-oxide interfaces for photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices

Abstract: Optical generation of hot electrons in metallic structures and its potential as an alternative to conventional electron–hole separation in semiconductor devices are reviewed. The possibilities for realizing high conversion efficiencies with low fabrication costs are discussed along with challenges in terms of the materials, architectures and fabrication methods

A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications

Abstract: We review the fabrication, properties, and solar energy applications of highly ordered TiO 2 nanotube arrays made by anodic oxidation of titanium in fluoride-based electrolytes. The material architecture has proven to be of great interest for use in water photoelectrolysis, photocatalysis, heterojunction solar cells, and gas sensing. We examine the ability to fabricate nanotube arrays of different shape (cylindrical, tapered), pore size, length, and wall thickness by varying anodization parameters including electrolyte concentration, pH, voltage, and bath temperature, with fabrication and crystallization variables discussed in reference to a nanotube array growth model. We review efforts to lower the band gap of the titania nanotubes by anionic doping. Measured optical properties are compared with computational electromagnetic simulations obtained using finite difference time domain (FDTD). The article concludes by examining various practical applications of the remarkable material architecture, including its use for water photoelectrolysis, and in heterojucntion dye-sensitized solar cells.

Fabrication of Single‐ and Multilayer MoS2 Film‐Based Field‐Effect Transistors for Sensing NO at Room Temperature

Abstract: Single- and multilayer MoS(2) films are deposited onto Si/SiO(2) using the mechanical exfoliation technique. The films were then used for the fabrication of field-effect transistors (FETs). These FET devices can be used as gas sensors to detect nitrous oxide (NO). Although the single-layer MoS(2) device shows a rapid response after exposure to NO, the current was found to be unstable. The two-, three-, and four-layer MoS(2) devices show both stable and sensitive responses to NO down to a concentration of 0.8 ppm.

Three-Dimensional Nitrogen and Boron Co-doped Graphene for High-Performance All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

Abstract: carbide-derived carbon, [ 12 ] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [ 14–17 ] and graphene, [ 6 , 7 , 10 , 18 , 19 ] possess notable features including high surface area, high electrical conductivity, and good chemical stability, and therefore they have been widely explored as thinfi lm electrode materials for ASSSs. However, the fabrication of ASSSs generally involves complex solution processing, highpressure pressing, high-temperature sintering, and sputtering techniques. [ 11 , 12 , 14–17 ] Moreover, polymer binders and conductive additives are required to enhance the adhesion between electrode materials and substrates as well as to improve the conductivity of the electrode, which unavoidably leads to decreased energy density of the devices. [ 6 , 20 ] Therefore, several challenges remain in developing ASSSs, such as to: i) explore high-performance electrode materials, ii) enhance the interfacial compatibility between electrode and solid-state electrolyte, and iii) simplify the device fabrication process. Graphene aerogels (GAs) represent a new class of ultralight and porous carbon materials that are associated with high