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Fabrication

About: Fabrication is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20475 publications have been published within this topic receiving 235676 citations.


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TL;DR: In this paper, an automated aerosol-jet printing technique is introduced for precisely controlling the thin-film perovskite growth in a planar heterojunction p-i-n solar cell device structure.
Abstract: A high level of automation is desirable to facilitate the lab-to-fab process transfer of the emerging perovskite-based solar technology. Here, an automated aerosol-jet printing technique is introduced for precisely controlling the thin-film perovskite growth in a planar heterojunction p–i–n solar cell device structure. The roles of some of the user defined parameters from a computer-aided design file are studied for the reproducible fabrication of pure CH3NH3PbI3 thin films under near ambient conditions. Preliminary power conversion efficiencies up to 15.4% are achieved when such films are incorporated in a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate-perovskite-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester type device format. It is further shown that the deposition of atomized materials in the form of a gaseous mist helps to form a highly uniform and PbI2 residue-free CH3NH3PbI3 film and offers advantages over the conventional two-step solution approach by avoiding the detrimental solid–liquid interface induced perovskite crystallization. Ultimately, by integrating full 3D motion control, the fabrication of perovskite layers directly on a 3D curved surface becomes possible. This work suggests that 3D automation with aerosol-jet printing, once fully optimized, could form a universal platform for the lab-to-fab process transfer of solution-based perovskite photovoltaics and steer development of new design strategies for numerous embedded structural power applications.

63 citations

Book
08 May 2017

63 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, anodic bonding of silicon and relatively thick glass wafers was used for the fabrication of atomic reference cells with dimensions larger than standard micromachined cells for use in compact atomic devices such as vapour-cell atomic clocks or magnetometers.
Abstract: This paper presents a new fabrication method to manufacture alkali reference cells having dimensions larger than standard micromachined cells and smaller than glass-blown ones, for use in compact atomic devices such as vapour-cell atomic clocks or magnetometers. The technology is based on anodic bonding of silicon and relatively thick glass wafers and fills a gap in cell sizes and technologies available up to now: on one side, microfabrication technologies with typical dimensions <= 2 mm and on the other side, classical glass-blowing technologies for typical dimensions of about 6-10 mm or larger. The fabrication process is described for cells containing atomic Rb and spectroscopic measurements (optical absorption spectrum and double resonance) are reported. The analysis of the bonding strength of our cells was performed and shows that the first anodic bonding steps exhibit higher bonding strengths than the later ones. The spectroscopic results show a good quality of the cells. From the double-resonance signals, we predict a clock stability of approximate to 3 x 10(-11) at 1 s of integration time, which compares well to the performance of compact commercial Rb atomic clocks.

63 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a quantitative study of the fabrication process of two-dimensional plastic microlens arrays fabricated using deep lithography with protons is presented, which involves the proton irradiation of a PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) sample in regions with a circular footprint followed by a diffusion of MMA vapour into the bombarded zones to cause a lens-shaped volume expansion.
Abstract: We present a quantitative study of the fabrication process of two-dimensional plastic microlens arrays fabricated using deep lithography with protons. Our process involves the proton irradiation of a PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) sample in regions with a circular footprint followed by a diffusion of MMA vapour into the bombarded zones to cause a lens-shaped volume expansion. In the first part of this paper we give a detailed description of our fabrication technique and of the calibration procedure that goes with it. We demonstrate the flexibility of our approach with the fabrication of different types of array: highly uniform microlens arrays and arrays of microlenses with varying sags (maximum height of the spherical lenscap) and pitches. All lenses under test feature diameters of 200 ± 2µm, root-mean-square (RMS) roughnesses on the top of the lenses of λ/30 @ 632 nm and lens sags ranging from 10 to 70 µm. We also present the optical performances and the aberrations of the microlenses, measured using a dedicated transmission Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The focal lengths of the lenses under study range from 166 to 1444 µm, corresponding to a range of sags between 9.77 and 69.73 µm and to focal numbers between 0.83 and 7.22. Typical values for the RMS and peak-to-valley aberrations of 0.209λ and 1.057λ respectively were observed. To conclude, we analyse and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this fabrication method.

62 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20235,291
202210,627
2021845
2020805
2019944