Showing papers on "Face (sociological concept) published in 2010"
TL;DR: Face Constituting Theory as mentioned in this paper proposes a conjoint co-constituting model of communication to explain face and facework as achieved by participants engaged in face-to-face communication in situated relationships.
286 citations
13 Aug 2010
187 citations
TL;DR: Across 3 experiments, dignity culture participants showed a studied indifference to the judgments of their peers, ignoring peers' assessments--whether those assessments were public or private, were positive or negative, or were made by qualified peers or unqualified peers.
Abstract: There are two ways to know the self: from the inside and from the outside. In all cultures, people know themselves from both directions. People make judgments about themselves from what they “know” about themselves, and they absorb the judgments of other people so that the judgments become their own. The process is one of constant flow, but there is variation, from both person to person and culture to culture, in which direction takes precedence. In this article, we outline the way face cultures tend to give priority to knowing oneself from the outside, whereas dignity cultures tend to give priority to knowing the self from the inside and may resist allowing the self to be defined by others. We first distinguish between face cultures and dignity cultures, describing the cultural logics of each and how these lead to distinctive ways in which the self is defined and constructed. We discuss the differing roles of public (vs. private) information in the two cultures, noting the way that such public information becomes absorbed into the definition of face culture participants and the way that it can become something to struggle against among dignity culture participants—even when it might reflect positively on the participant. Finally, we describe three cross-cultural experiments in which the phenomena is examined and then close with a discussion of the different ways our selves are “knotted” up with the judgments of other people. Face and Dignity Cultures
128 citations
Book•
16 Jul 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the reader is taken on a fascinating journey through some of Madrid's multilingual and multicultural schools, revealing the role of linguistic practices in constructing inequality and educational failure.
Abstract: In this book, the reader is taken on a fascinating journey through some of Madrid's multilingual and multicultural schools, revealing the role of linguistic practices in constructing inequality and educational failure. The exciting discussion of these issues is particularly important in a globalized world where, on a daily basis,children enter multilingual and multicultural schoolsin whichthey face unknown educational practices and languages.
125 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive and systematic exploration of present-day Chinese capitalism, its component parts, and their interdependencies, and derive a prediction of the probable development paths of Chinese capitalism and its likely competitive strengths and weaknesses.
Abstract: Much has been said about the re-emergence of China to its historical position of eminence in the world economy, yet little is understood about the kind of economic system China is evolving. What are the rules of the game of business in today's China, and how are they likely to change over the next decades? The answers to these questions are crucial to business persons formulating strategy toward China, but also for policy-makers concerned with retaining the competitiveness of their nations in the face of Chinese competition and for researchers seeking to gain deeper insights into the workings of economic systems and institutional change. Written by two leading experts in the field, this book sheds much-needed light on these questions. Building on recent conceptual and empirical advances, and rich in concrete examples, it offers a comprehensive and systematic exploration of present-day Chinese capitalism, its component parts, and their interdependencies. It suggests that Chinese capitalism, as practiced today, in many respects represents a development from traditional business practices, whose revival has been greatly aided by the influx of investments and managerial talent from the Regional Ethnic Chinese. On the basis of present trends in the Chinese economy as well as through comparison with five major types of capitalism - those of France, Germany, Japan, Korea, and the United States - the book derives a prediction of the probable development paths of Chinese capitalism and its likely competitive strengths and weaknesses.
105 citations
25 Feb 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a critical review of previous literatures indicated that Chinese concepts of face can be differentiated into social face (mianzi) and moral face (lian), which aimed to maintain one's psychosocial homeostasis either in dyad interaction or among persons-in-relation within one’s psychosociogram.
Abstract: A critical review of previous literatures indicated that Chinese concepts of face can be differentiated into social face (mianzi) and moral face (lian). The face dynamism in Confucian society was explained in terms of Confucian ethics for ordinary people, which aimed to maintain one’s psychosocial homeostasis either in dyad interaction or among persons-in-relation within one’s psychosociogram. The main arguments of the current research were demonstrated by a series of empirical research on seeking help from afar for what lies close at hand; comparing episodes of losing face in Taiwan and mainland China; face concern in a personality orientation; intergenerational difference of face concern for two types of face events with relational others; and emotional reactions to two types of face incidents caused by others of different relationships. The predictive validity of the current approach was compared with that of the cross-cultural approach which attempted to explain face feelings in terms of cultural differences on the dimension of individualism–collectivism.
76 citations
TL;DR: Reviewing studies that discuss possible mechanisms underlying face perception at birth and document the prominent role of experience in shaping infants' face-processing abilities shows the remarkable plasticity of the developing visual system.
Abstract: Face perception remains one of the most intensively researched areas in psychology and allied disciplines, and there has been much debate regarding the early origins and experiential determinants of face processing. This article reviews studies, the majority of which have appeared in the past decade, that discuss possible mechanisms underlying face perception at birth and document the prominent role of experience in shaping infants' face-processing abilities. In the first months of life, infants develop a preference for female and own-race faces and become better able to recognize and categorize own-race and own-species faces. This perceptual narrowing and shaping of the "face space" forms a foundation for later face expertise in childhood and adulthood and testifies to the remarkable plasticity of the developing visual system.
61 citations
Book•
13 Aug 2010
TL;DR: Face Processing: psychological, neuropsychological and applied perspectives as mentioned in this paper provides insights on issues of relevance to students from a wide range of disciplines, such as computer science students, medical students with an interest in neurology, and forensic science, too.
Abstract: How do we recognise familiar faces? What factors determine facial attractiveness? How does face processing develop in infants and children? Why do face reconstruction systems, such as Photofit and E-Fit, produce such poor likenesses of the original face? Face Processing: psychological, neuropsychological and applied perspectives is the first major textbook for 20 years that seeks to answer questions like these. Drawing on the most recent research in the field, and organised around the three main research perspectives - psychological, neuropsychological, and applied - it provides insights on issues of relevance to students from a wide range of disciplines. Face recognition and expression perception have generated a large amount of research over the last decade, and with high profile media coverage of related issues, such as the misidentification of Brazilian student, Jean Charles de Menezes, face processing is a hot topic within the study of psychology. Face Processing captures the excitement in the field, and with reference to a wealth of studies and real-world phenomena, it reveals how our understanding of face processing has developed over the years. The first section of the book, on the psychological perspectives of face processing, considers how we are able to recognise familiar faces; how we can extract information such as emotion, sex and age from a face; and how face processing abilities develop. The second section covers the neuropsychological perspectives, and examines the disorders of face recognition that arise following brain injury, and asks whether faces are a 'special' class of visual stimuli. Finally, a section on the applied perspectives of face processing describes face reconstruction systems, such as Identikit and Photofit, and their limitations; it discusses methods of constructing facial composites, and the phenomenon of 'verbal overshadowing', whereby verbal descriptions of visual stimuli subsequently leads to a temporary impairment in people's ability to recognise those stimuli. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, this book is the perfect resource for students studying face processing as part of a psychology degree, and the breadth of its coverage makes it of relevance to computer science students, medical students with an interest in neurology, and students of forensic science, too.
50 citations
TL;DR: This paper put forward a model for the study of politeness in second language learning and applied this approach to data collected pertaining to the use of speech styles by advanced learners of Korean from “Western” backgrounds.
Abstract: Abstract This paper puts forward a model for the study of politeness in second language learning and applies this approach to data collected pertaining to the use of speech styles by advanced learners of Korean from “Western” backgrounds. The learning of politeness in a second language is conceptualized as a process of “re-framing”; in other words, of re-analyzing and enriching existing frames regarding the kind of (linguistic) behavior that normally occurs in given context. This process is complicated by different ideological loadings regarding what it means to “speak politely” in different cultures and also by the instability of “face” in L1-L2 encounters. The data shows that the more egalitarian way that L2 speakers use Korean speech styles does not just result from a lack of knowledge regarding the “frames” in which different styles are usually applied, but also from ideological opposition to using these forms for the overt marking of age-rank relationships. However, rather than being evaluated as “impolite”, the salient modes of honorifics use appearing in L1-L2 encounters were rendered appropriate to some extent by the relationships emerging in such contexts. Ultimately, “face” and “politeness” in interactions involving L2 learners are established through interaction and are intrinsically dynamic and discursive.
Book•
15 Mar 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of theory and postmodernism in social work is defined and made sense of in terms of making sense of the theory into practice, and the challenges we face are discussed.
Abstract: Introduction PART I: MAKING SENSE OF THEORY Introduction: Theory into Practice The Role of Theory Theory and Postmodernism Practices Redefined Conclusion PART II: MAKING SENSE OF PRACTICE Introduction: Dimensions of the Social Work World The Person Interpersonal Interaction Group Dynamics and Intergroup Relations Cultural Contexts Sociopolitical Structures and Processes The Organizational Context Morality and Ideology Conclusion PART III: DEVELOPING THEORY Introduction: Taking Theory Forward Developing Coherence: Drawing on Existentialism The Linguistic Turn Spirituality and Meaning Developing Emancipatory Practice The Challenges We Face Conclusion
TL;DR: This article examined the interactional management of an encounter between a Zimbabwean English speaker and British English speakers in a community singing group and argued that face needs may be universally relevant in such a situation, the way in which they are oriented to in interaction depends on cultural understandings of which aspects of face are paramount in particular circumstances.
TL;DR: The authors discussed the positionality of English in South Korea as a form of symbolic capital that represents the discursive power of Americanism and East Asian Social Darwinism, by employing Bourdieu's and Foucault's theoretical orientations.
Abstract: This paper discusses the positionality of English in South Korea as a form of symbolic capital that represents the discursive power of Americanism and East Asian Social Darwinism. By employing Bourdieu's and Foucault's theoretical orientations, this paper traces how South Korean linguistic policies to incorporate English loan words coincide with South Korea's struggle to face its historical challenges from a pre-modern to a modern postcolonial society. In doing so, this paper illustrates how Americanization is conceived as the process of winning global competition where only the ‘survival of the fittest’ reigns (a Social Darwinist discourse that justifies the power of Americanism).
TL;DR: This article combines uncertainty reduction theory and politeness theory to deduce hypotheses about how relational uncertainty may predict appraisals of face threat and discusses the implications for understanding relational uncertainty, politeness, and appraisal of facethreat.
Abstract: This article combines uncertainty reduction theory and politeness theory to deduce hypotheses about how relational uncertainty may predict appraisals of face threat. Participants were 273 individuals who (a) reported on relational uncertainty; (b) simulated leaving a voice mail message for their dating partner to address the assigned goal of catching up, sharing information, giving comfort, or receiving comfort; and (c) evaluated the face threats of their message. As expected, relational uncertainty was positively associated with appraisals of face threat, and it was negatively associated with the extremity of appraisals of face threat, even after judges’ ratings of face management strategies were covaried. The article closes by discussing the implications for understanding relational uncertainty, politeness, and appraisals of face threat.
TL;DR: In this article, a strip of interaction drawn from a wider ethnographic study of senior organizational members doing their strategy work across time and space is shown to add further empirical and theoretical texture/insight to Goffman's concept of face and face-work, or, as is proposed here, the moral accountability of inter action constituting social-moral order(s) or society.
TL;DR: This paper used relevance theory, conversation analysis, and politeness theory to investigate a full range of relevance theories, including relevance, relevance, politeness, and relevance, in the context of conversation analysis.
Abstract: This study draws on Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson, 1986/1995), Conversation Analysis (Sacks et al., 1974), and Politeness Theory (Brown and Levinson, 1987) in investigating a full range of d...
TL;DR: In this article, a new Gricean theory of politeness was proposed, where the maxim of the politeness is seen as an additional conversational maxim under the Cooperative Principle in rational conversations among potentially aggressive parties.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors aimed to systematically understand Chinese college students' purchase behaviors toward foreign brands and to help U.S. apparel companies more successfully pursue market opportunities in China.
Abstract: To help U.S. apparel companies more successfully pursue market opportunities in China, this study aimed to systematically understand Chinese college students’ purchase behaviors toward foreign bran...
TL;DR: This article analyzed the idiosyncrasies of qishi and its near synonym shishishang in spoken Chinese, by adopting the conversation analysis approach and working with a spoken corpus containing daily conversations and TV/radio interviews based on relevance theory and politeness theory.
TL;DR: Anarchy as Order as discussed by the authors is the third in a series of related books by Mohammed Bamyeh, which explores that myriad of issues and contestations associated with moving from a society based on imposed order to a society premised on an unimposed order.
Abstract: Anarchy as Order is the third in a series of related books by Mohammed Bamyeh. Framed most broadly, Anarchy as Order explores that myriad of issues and contestations associated with moving from a society based on ‘‘an imposed order’’ to a society premised on ‘‘an unimposed order.’’ Substantively, this is an elaboration of the theoretical scaffolding Bamyeh began building in these earlier works. This is an essential consideration for the reader at times, because rather than a sustained, conventional engagement with the contemporary anarchist literature, Bamyeh elects in this book to expand further upon notions that were either introduced or at least hinted at in his previous works. (For instance, there are only three or four references to anarchist works published since 1993, while eight of the author’s works are cited.) This can be a fruitful approach that deepens one’s analysis and understanding of the author’s interpretation of anarchy as an unimposed order, but it also places certain obligations on the reader to consider a range of concepts in the broader context of debates that Bamyeh has explored more fully elsewhere. The principle merits of this work concern the author’s serious and considered effort to engage the profoundly difficult task of imagining a society based on unimposed order, while we remain necessarily locked within the analytical and conceptual limitations that reflect our everyday experiences with a society based on imposed order. In this regard, Bamyeh’s challenge is two-fold. First he must develop a language to describe such a society and second he must provide a plausible explanation of possible transitions to such a society. He takes on both of these to varying degrees of success. Where he falters, however, this is primarily a consequence of the inherent conceptual difficulty of presenting and analyzing any vision of a society that remains yet-in-formation. To describe a society based on unimposed order, Bamyeh deploys two basic strategies. First, by way of illustration, he cites cases of anarchy that arise historically (and spontaneously) within the fabric of a society based on imposed order. In the selection and description of cases there is a strong existentialist influence that shapes Bamyeh’s account. Somewhat problematically, however, this existentialist framework is never explicitly detailed and, thus, must be understood as having been earlier introduced in Of Death and Dominion. In fact, the existentialist premises of Bamyeh’s work are essential to understanding his notion of self-development that drives an individual’s pursuit and realization of freedom through the occasional and ongoing creation of anarchist spaces and the continual reorganization of social institutions that follows from this. For Bamyeh, this notion of self-development appears to be an almost exclusively organic process that follows from what it means to be an individual in mass society—regardless of the specific details of that mass society. The second strategy of Bamyeh is to describe a society based on unimposed order by providing a type of counter description of such a society via a series of contrasts with societies based on imposed order. Recognizing the inherent difficulties of presenting a transparent vision of a society whose premises for being remain in a yet-to-be realized set of social conditions and conceptual categories, Bamyeh leads the reader through a detailed account of various conceptual categories of social organization derived from a society based on imposed order and provides an alternative understanding of these same categories as they might be experienced in a society based on unimposed order. These conceptual categories include civil society, the common good, self-will, commitment, and freedom. As a general strategy this strikes me as a plausible and
03 Dec 2010
TL;DR: This paper presents two case studies, with the related experimental results which sustain the presented approach, a robust framework to address face analysis, aiming at supporting the activities of various Commercial Entities.
Abstract: Though face recognition gained significant attention and credibility in the last decade, quite few commercial applications were able to benefit from this. In this paper we propose FACE (Face analysis for Commercial Entities), a robust framework to address face analysis, aiming at supporting the activities of various Commercial Entities. In particular, we present two case studies, with the related experimental results which sustain the presented approach.
TL;DR: The authors explored intersubjective processes and local ideologies embedded in face-work, including "trouble" ( meiwaku) and "social maturity" (shakaijin), that reveal the cultural ideation of politeness of the Japanese context.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined various historical events involving social networking sites through the lens of the PAPA framework to highlight select ethical issues regarding the sharing of information in the social-networking age.
Abstract: The advent of social networking sites has changed the face of the information society Mason wrote of 23 years ago necessitating a reevaluation of the social contracts designed to protect the members of the society. Despite the technological and societal changes that have happened over the years, the information society is still based on the exchange of information. This paper examines various historical events involving social networking sites through the lens of the PAPA framework (Mason 1986) to highlight select ethical issues regarding the sharing of information in the social-networking age. Four preliminary principles are developed to guide the ethical use of social networking sites (SNS).
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Five guidelines can help you build profitable, socially beneficial new businesses in the face of daunting uncertainty.
Abstract: Five guidelines can help you build profitable, socially beneficial new businesses in the face of daunting uncertainty
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline a theoretical framework for an empirical study focusing on the question of how schools from socio-culturally different areas face new governance and its power and propose a model to evaluate the impact of new governance on education.
Abstract: The aim of this article is to outline a theoretical framework for an empirical study focusing on the question of how schools from socio-culturally different areas face new governance and its power
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This chapter of “Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata” explores the history of library data and where it stands in a modern context and how it can become part of the dominant information environment that is the Web.
Abstract: This chapter of “Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata” explores the history of library data and where it stands in a modern context. The rise of a new information environment—the World Wide Web—has revealed the downside of the long history that libraries have with metadata. The question that we must face, and that we must face sooner rather than later, is how we can best transform our data so that it can become part of the dominant information environment that is the Web.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: A grounded theory analysis of eight autobiographical narratives of persons with chronic conditions revealed four themes characterizing the experience of difference in reference to the communication that surrounded it, and demonstrated that their authors, in and through their communication, were active agents in reconstructing and redefining their own and others' understandings of different selves as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Persons growing up with chronic illness or physical disability face critical and often stigmatizing physical, psychological, and social challenges that persist into adulthood and result in their experiencing themselves as different from others. The communication surrounding those with chronic health conditions has a major impact on this experience of difference and on holistic health and well-being. A grounded theory analysis of eight autobiographical narratives of persons with chronic conditions revealed four themes characterizing the experience of difference in reference to the communication that surrounded it, and demonstrated that their authors, in and through their communication, were active agents in reconstructing and redefining their own and others' understandings of different selves. A grounded theory of shifting reconstructions of different self emerged from this analysis.