Topic
Facial Action Coding System
About: Facial Action Coding System is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1022 publications have been published within this topic receiving 61826 citations.
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01 Jan 1978
3,840 citations
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26 Mar 2000TL;DR: The problem space for facial expression analysis is described, which includes level of description, transitions among expressions, eliciting conditions, reliability and validity of training and test data, individual differences in subjects, head orientation and scene complexity image characteristics, and relation to non-verbal behavior.
Abstract: Within the past decade, significant effort has occurred in developing methods of facial expression analysis. Because most investigators have used relatively limited data sets, the generalizability of these various methods remains unknown. We describe the problem space for facial expression analysis, which includes level of description, transitions among expressions, eliciting conditions, reliability and validity of training and test data, individual differences in subjects, head orientation and scene complexity image characteristics, and relation to non-verbal behavior. We then present the CMU-Pittsburgh AU-Coded Face Expression Image Database, which currently includes 2105 digitized image sequences from 182 adult subjects of varying ethnicity, performing multiple tokens of most primary FACS action units. This database is the most comprehensive testbed to date for comparative studies of facial expression analysis.
2,705 citations
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: Cross-cultural research on facial expression and the developments of methods to measure facial expression are briefly summarized and what has been learned about emotion from this work on the face is elucidated.
Abstract: Cross-cultural research on facial expression and the developments of methods to measure facial expression are briefly summarized. What has been learned about emotion from this work on the face is then elucidated. Four questions about facial expression and emotion are discussed. What information does an expression typically convey? Can there be emotion without facial expression? Can there be a facial expression of emotion without emotion? How do individuals differ in their facial expressions of emotion?
2,463 citations
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TL;DR: This survey introduces the most prominent automatic facial expression analysis methods and systems presented in the literature and discusses issues such as face normalization, facial expression dynamics and facial expression intensity.
1,879 citations