Showing papers on "False positive paradox published in 1986"
TL;DR: The National Death Index (NDI) of the National Center for Health Statistics is a powerful tool for identifying deaths in epidemiologic studies as discussed by the authors, and the task of determining a true or correct match out of the list of possible matches becomes formidable when a large number of records are being investigated.
86 citations
TL;DR: The positive predictive value of the polygraph (ie, the proportion of positive test results that are true positives) was assessed, on the evidence of the best published data for the best quality and specificity of the device.
42 citations
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3 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that HSV-1-induced Fc receptors are responsible for most of the problem of these false positives and that HSv-1 serology probably should not be done by this type of IFA method until this problem is corrected.
Abstract: Four commercially available herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) kits were compared with the use of sera selected because they were negative for HSV antibody by complement fixation (CF less than 1:8) and by ELISA (less than 1:100). However, 14 of 24 (58.3%) of these HSV-1 antibody-negative sera were positive at greater than or equal to 1:10 with the use of the HSV-1 IFA kit from Electronucleonics, 15 of 24 (62.5%) were positive with the Clinical Sciences HSV-1 IFA kit, 4 of 24 (16.7%) were positive with Zeus Scientific, and 4 of 18 (22.2%) were positive with the Gull Laboratories product. HSV-1 induces Fc receptors that commonly cause false positive IFA tests for HSV antibody. Therefore, further studies were undertaken to determine whether Fc receptors accounted for these false positive results. Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) is known to bind to the Fc portion of human IgG and therefore could be used to distinguish between the binding of an antibody by its Fab or its Fc portion. Thus, when fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated (FITC) SPA was used as conjugate instead of FITC antibody to human IgG, true HSV-1 antibody-containing sera remained positive, but the false positives identified in the commercial IFA kits did not. The authors conclude that HSV-1-induced Fc receptors are responsible for most of the problem of these false positives and that HSV-1 serology probably should not be done by this type of IFA method until this problem is corrected.
3 citations
TL;DR: The predictive ability of the K2 Asbestos Screening Test was determined by comparing the results obtained with the test and confirming analysis by polarizing light microscopy on 90 bulk insulation samples.
Abstract: The predictive ability of the K2 Asbestos Screening Test was determined by comparing the results obtained with the test and confirming analysis by polarizing light microscopy on 90 bulk insulation samples. The test yielded 38.9% true positives, 4.4% true negatives, 56.7% false positives and 0% false negatives. The proportion of false positives was significantly different from that reported by the researchers who developed the test and found that the test would not yield false positives. The results of this study are similar to those reported in a previous evaluation of the test. It was concluded that the screening test is not an effective screening tool because of the high proportion of false positives, as reflected by marginal values of specificity and positive predictive value. It was noted that problems with the test might result from failure of the wash steps to adequately remove positive interferences apparently associated with gypsum and mineral wool. Problems in interpreting color changes were note...
2 citations
TL;DR: Although Ga scintigrams showed false positive or false negative results due to factors such as inflammation, irradiation, operation and activity or histology of tumors, they are very useful in finding metastatic lesions, especially in the lung.
Abstract: The accuracy of Ga scintigrams and bone scintigrams in finding metastatic lesionswas evaluated.Ga scintigrams were performed 89 times and bone scintigrams 26 times on 67 patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck.The rate of correct diagnosis of metastatic lesions by Ga scintigrams was 72%, false positives 15%, false negatives 20%, sensitivity 0.80 and specificity 0.85.The rate of correct diagnosis by bone scintigrams was 81%, false positive 20%, false negative 0, sensitivity 1.0 and specificity 0.80.Correct diagnosis is aided by scintigrams, which are in accord with the clinical courseand the findings on biopsy, surgery and/or autopsy.Although Ga scintigrams showed false positive or false negative results due to factors such as inflammation, irradiation, operation and activity or histology of tumors, they are very useful in finding metastatic lesions, especially in the lung.Bone scintigrams had a higher rate of false positives, but no false negatives, so their sensitivity is high.
1 citations
TL;DR: Methods for determining whether clustering is in order and a discussion of the possibility of using the MLEs along with Bayes method for considering other models for the MHC data and for typing with selected panels are presented.