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Faradaic current
About: Faradaic current is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 648 publications have been published within this topic receiving 19776 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a unified and generally applicable treatment for the individual or combined effects of double layer capacitance and faradaic process in a.c. measurements is given for the diffusion coupled with a fast or a first-order slow electrode reaction.
Abstract: On the basis of a model, describing the pores of a porous electrode as essentially circular cylindrical channels of uniform diameter and of semi-infinite length, a unified and generally applicable treatment is given for the individual or combined effects of double layer capacitance and faradaic process in a.c. measurements. Furthermore explicit expressions are derived for the faradaic process when it consists of diffusion coupled with a fast or a first-order slow electrode reaction. The difficulties in the mathematical treatment of potentiostatic or galvanostatic pulse techniques are briefly discussed.
760 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of carbon-oxygen complexes on the performance of polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fabric capacitors was explored, and it was found that most of the oxygen functional groups created from the oxygen treatment were the carbonyl or quinone type.
Abstract: Oxygen treatment at 250°C on polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fabric was conducted to explore the influence of carbon–oxygen complexes on the performance of capacitors fabricated with the carbon fabric. Surface analysis showed that most of the oxygen functional groups created from the oxygen treatment were the carbonyl or quinone type. The performance of the capacitors was tested in 1 M H 2 SO 4 , using potential sweep cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge–discharge cycling. It was found that the Faradaic current, the contributor of pseudocapacitance, increased significantly with the extent of oxygen treatment, while the increase in the double-layer capacitance was minor. Due to the treatment the overall specific capacitance showed an increase up to 25% (e.g., from 120 to 150 F g −1 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm −2 ). However, the distributed capacitance effect, the inner resistance and the leakage current were found to increase with the extent of oxidation. It is suggested that due to the local changes of charge density and the increase in redox activity the presence of the carbonyl- or quinone-type functional groups may induce double-layer formation, Faradaic current, surface polarity, and electrolyte decomposition.
570 citations
TL;DR: The selectivities, sensitivities, and stabilities determined experimentally have demonstrated the potential of mesoporous platinum as a novel candidate for nonenzymatic glucose sensors.
Abstract: Roughness of nanoscopic dimensions can be used to selectively enhance the faradaic current of a sluggish reaction. Using this principle, we constructed mesoporous structures on the surfaces of pure platinum electrodes responding even more sensitively to glucose than to common interfering species, such as l-ascorbic acid and 4-acetamidophenol. Good sensitivities, as high as 9.6 μA cm-2 mM-1, were reproducibly observed in the presence of high concentration of chloride ion. The selectivities, sensitivities, and stabilities determined experimentally have demonstrated the potential of mesoporous platinum as a novel candidate for nonenzymatic glucose sensors.
562 citations
TL;DR: Thrombin binding stabilizes the alternative G-quadruplex conformation of the aptamer, liberating the methylene blue (MB)-tagged oligonucleotide to produce a flexible, single-stranded DNA element.
Abstract: Thrombin binding stabilizes the alternative G-quadruplex conformation of the aptamer, liberating the methylene blue (MB)-tagged oligonucleotide to produce a flexible, single-stranded DNA element This allows the MB tag to collide with the gold electrode surface, producing a readily detectable Faradaic current at thrombin concentrations as low as ∼3 nM
486 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the types and mechanisms of Faradaic reactions in CDI systems including anodic oxidation of carbon electrodes, cathodic reduction of oxygen and FarADAic ion storage are presented and their apparent negative and positive effects on water desalination are identified.
Abstract: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for the desalination of brackish water with low to medium salinity. In practical applications, Faradaic redox reactions occurring in CDI may have both negative and positive effects on CDI performance. In this review, we present an overview of the types and mechanisms of Faradaic reactions in CDI systems including anodic oxidation of carbon electrodes, cathodic reduction of oxygen and Faradaic ion storage and identify their apparent negative and positive effects on water desalination. A variety of strategies including development of novel electrode materials and use of alternative configurations and/or operational modes are proposed for the purpose of mitigation or elimination of the deterioration of electrodes and the formation of byproducts caused by undesired side Faradaic reactions. It is also recognized that Faradaic reactions facilitate a variety of exciting new applications including i) the incorporation of intercalation electrodes to enhance water desalination or to selectively separate certain ions through reversible Faradaic reactions and ii) the use of particular anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction reactions to realize functions such as water disinfection and contaminant removal.
467 citations